The aim of this study was to examine the effect of low or very low amounts of alcohol consumption on the LPO-AOD systems of pregnant women and their infants after birth, and the effect of that ...exposure on infant, growth, health, and development. Methods and Results: A sample of 201 pregnant women (mother-child dyads) was recruited for the study. Pregnant women were categorized into three groups according to the amount of alcohol they consume: 1) non-drinking, 2) very low drinking, and 3) low drinking. Small amounts of alcohol consumption caused dysfunction of the LPO-AOD system and the development of OS in women, and had negative effects on infants. The biomarkers of potentially harmful LPO, such as TBARs, were higher in very low and low drinking mothers. The activity of the AOD system was lower among mothers who drank alcohol. Alcohol consumption decreased levels of retinol, SOD activity, GSH, and GR activity. Higher rates of pathological conditions, delayed development, and slower growth were observed among infants who were prenatally exposed to alcohol. Conclusion: Identification and preventive interventions are needed for pregnant women who use alcohol in any amount.
The aim of this research was to assess lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidative defense (AOD) changes in adolescent boys with obesity using the integral index. Materials and Methods: We examined 19 ...adolescent boys (mean age of 4.41±0.45 years) with obesity of the first degree (the study group). The control group included 23 healthy boys (mean age of 15.12±0.32 years). The study included the collection of anamnestic data, physical examination, and anthropometric data analysis (body weight (BW), height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and body mass index (BMI)). Laboratory analysis included an assessment of the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and blood glucose, as well as the intensity of LPO and AOD in blood plasma and primary and secondary products of LPO. To measure the intensity of OS, the oxidative stress index (OSi) was calculated (the ratio of the LPO-AOD system indicators in the study group to average indicators in the control group). Results: We found a statistically significant increase in BW, BMI, SDS BMI, WC, and HC in the study group compared to the control group. The obese patients had higher values of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL compared to the control group. In the study group, we found a significant decrease in the concentration of diene conjugates and an increase in the level of ketodienes and conjugated trienes. The values of α-tocopherol and retinol, and SOD activity were significantly decreased in the study group compared to the control group. There were no statistically significant changes in total antioxidant activity and glutathione status components. According to the data received, the OSi level in the group of obese patients increased approximately 7 times, which confirms the results on the development of antioxidant insufficiency in this pathology.
Little is known about the association between juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and therefore there are no indications for AITD screening in this population, ...which is possible using standard blood tests. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and predictors of symptomatic AITD in JIA patients from the international Pharmachild registry.
Occurrence of AITD was determined from adverse event forms and comorbidity reports. Associated factors and independent predictors for AITD were determined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
The prevalence of AITD after a median observation period of 5.5 years was 1.1% (96/8965 patients). Patients who developed AITD were more often female (83.3% vs. 68.0%), RF positive (10.0% vs. 4.3%) and ANA positive (55.7% vs. 41.5%) than patients who did not. AITD patients were furthermore older at JIA onset (median 7.8 years vs. 5.3 years) and had more often polyarthritis (40.6% vs. 30.4%) and a family history of AITD (27.5% vs. 4.8%) compared to non-AITD patients. A family history of AITD (OR = 6.8, 95% CI: 4.1 - 11.1), female sex (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3 - 4.3), ANA positivity (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3 - 3.2) and older age at JIA onset (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1 - 1.2) were independent predictors of AITD on multivariable analysis. Based on our data, 16 female ANA positive JIA patients with a family history of AITD would have to be screened during ±5.5 years using standard blood tests to detect one case of AITD.
This is the first study to report independent predictor variables for symptomatic AITD in JIA. Female ANA positive JIA patients with positive family history are at increased risk of developing AITD and thus might benefit from yearly serological screening.
The aim of our study was to identify the changes in the indicators of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) in women with endocrine infertility. Methods and Results: The study ...included 358 women of reproductive age. Based on clinical and laboratory data, two groups were formed: the control group (CG) and the main group (MG). CG consisted of 61 healthy fertile women (mean age of 22±2.3 years). MG consisted of 297 women (mean age of 26±5.6 years) with endocrine infertility. The blood levels of antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant activity TTA, SOD activity, α-tocopherol and retinol) and primary/secondary products of LPO (conjugated dienes CD, ketodienes and conjugated trienes KD-CT, and thiobarbituric acid reactants TBARs) were determined using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. The levels of sex hormones and cortisol were determined by radioimmunoassay and EIA. In MG, we found a significant increase in the blood levels of total lipid, DB, CDs, KD-CT, and TBARs, compared to CG. The results of a comparative analysis of the AOD parameters showed a significant increase in the total AOA level by 31% in MG, while the levels of α-tocopherol and retinol significantly decreased by 22% and 15%, respectively, compared to CG. In women of MG, the serum level of prolactin increased by 2 times. Conclusion: The results obtained reflect the adaptive and disadaptive mechanisms of LPO-AOD participation in the formation of female infertility of endocrine origin. The complex changes in the LPO-AOD system (increased levels of the substrates of oxidation and all intermediates of the LPO process amid falling values of the AOD parameters) indicate the presence of OS in women with endocrine infertility.
The aim of this research was to investigate the content of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and components of antioxidant defense (AOD), as well as to evaluate morphometric parameters of the ...dentition system tissues in Wistar rats when modeling acute and chronic modes of immobilization stress. Methods and Results: The work was performed on young (2.5-3 months), sexually mature male rats of the Wistar line, weighing 200-220g. The design of the study consisted in evaluating biochemical and morphometric parameters at the stage before immobilization—intact animals (10 rats)— as well as in modeling various stress modes: acute stress (3 hours from the moment of 3-hour single immobilization) and chronic stress (1-hour immobilization with an interval of 72 hours between separate stress episodes on Days 1, 5, 9 and 13). Both modes included 20 rats. The intensity of lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense processes was assessed using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. The microscopic and morphometric studies were performed in the light-optical microscope AxioScope A1 and included a detailed description of all changes in the tooth and periodontal tissues. We found that acute stress is accompanied by increased LPO reactions at the stage of primary and secondary products with simultaneous activation of antioxidant factors. In chronic stress exposure, there is an accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactants, with a decrease in the level of non-enzymatic components—α-tocopherol, retinol, and oxidized glutathione. The changes in the state of the dentition system in Wistar rats was accompanied by an increase in the area of the microcirculatory bed of the periodontium and pulp and a natural reduction in the connective tissue area, with an increase in the thickness of vascular endothelium and an increased number of cellular elements that control metabolic processes, especially pronounced in acute stress. The change in the mode of stress exposure to chronic in animals of this line was characterized by generally similar changes with reduced reaction intensity. Conclusion: The processes of LPO-AOD and the indicators of the dentition system in Wistar rats undergo changes depending on the mode of stress exposure.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a public health problem worldwide. Despite the presence of various sugar-lowering drugs, correcting hyperglycemia and preventing late DM complications remain a difficult ...task. Unfortunately, DM complications are often detected at late stages, when there are irreversible changes and a global decrease in the function of damaged organs and systems. One of the most dangerous complications leading to early death of patients is diabetic nephropathy. However, the problem of finding early markers of renal damage that can detect the earliest renal damage in global clinical practice remains unresolved. The following are the modern markers that are likely to be able to timely reflect the preclinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy (DN): Type-IV collagen, NGAL, b2MG, cystatin C, E-cadherin, podocalyxin, and nephrin. Heparan sulfate, mindin, TGF-β, ICAM-1, KIM-1, uromodulin, and LFABP are also being studied. The task of modern medicine is to find the most sensitive of these markers to diagnose DN in a timely manner.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is found worldwide and is regarded as one of the main risks to human health. The objective of this study was to determine the state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and ...antioxidant protection in girls with T1D type considering the stages of reproductive system development.
This study enrolled 56 young girls with T1D and 60 healthy girls (control) matched by age. The study population was divided into 3 age groups: prepubertal, adolescent, and juvenile. The state of LPO and antioxidant system was assessed using the coefficient of oxidative stress that represented the ratio of LPO products to general antioxidative blood activity. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were applied.
The results of our study showed increased conjugated diene (CD) and thiobarbituric acid reactant (TBAR) concentrations as well as a decreased reduced glutathione level in prepubertal girls with T1D. Adolescent girls with T1D had a significantly greater CD level and juvenile girls with T1D had a significantly greater TBAR level and lower α-tocopherol concentration than girls in the control group. The greatest coefficient of oxidative stress (1.16) was observed in the prepubertal period.
The prepubertal period is characterized by the most severe state of lipid peroxidation process–antioxidant protection.
The aim of this research was to study the concentration of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and the activity of antioxidant defense (AOD) parameters in ISIAH rats in comparison with a group of ...adolescents with arterial hypertension (AH). Material and Methods: We conducted the study on young (2.5-3 months) sexually mature male rats of the normotensive line (WAG) (n=20) (intact animals) and hypertensive line (ISIAH) (n=20), weighing 200-220g. The data of 65 adolescents aged 13-17 years with AH (Group 1) were used for the clinical study (the age of adolescents is comparable to the biological age of the experimental animals used). The comparison group consisted of 65 normotensive adolescents of the same age and sex ("copy-pair" type) (Group 2). The plasma level of antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant activity TTA, SOD activity, α-tocopherol and retinol) and primary/secondary products of LPO (conjugated dienes CD, ketodienes and conjugated trienes KD-CT, and thiobarbituric acid reactants TBARs) were determined using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. Results: We found that the course of LPO reactions in animals and humans was similar, which was expressed by the activation of prooxidant factors and the insufficiency of antioxidant response. Species differences concerned the intensity and number of parameters involved in the pathological process. Thus, in ISIAH rats there was an increase in toxic TBA-active products and a decrease in TTA, α-tocopherol and retinol in comparison with normotensive animals; in AH adolescents there was an increase in the content of intermediate–KD-CT and final TBA-active products, and a decrease in the α-tocopherol level in relation to the comparison group. Conclusion: Features of response of the LPO nonspecific system in hypertensive rats and humans allow using this line of rats for further study of adaptive mechanisms, and to extrapolate the received experimental data on humans, taking into account certain specific distinctions.
The aim of this research was to investigate LPO activity in adolescents with arterial hypertension (AH) and periodontal disease (PD) and to establish the relationship between LPO-AOD parameters and ...the state of regional periodontal blood flow. Materials and Methods: A total of 113 adolescent boys and girls participated in the research (age range of 12 to 17 years). The participants were divided into 3 groups: a comparison group with PD, a clinical group with AH and without PD, and a clinical group with AH and PD. We estimated the plasma level of antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant activity, SOD activity, α-tocopherol and retinol) and primary/secondary products of LPO (conjugated dienes, ketodienes and conjugated trienes, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS) using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. Doppler ultrasound was used to assess the hemodynamics of the microvasculature of the periodontium: the resistivity index (RI) and pulsation index (PI) were calculated. Results: our results indicate an increase of the imbalance in LPO-AOD system in patients with AH and PD. This imbalance is manifested in the accumulation of TBARS, thus decreasing the activity of antioxidant protection factors (α-tocopherol and SOD), as well as in the presence of pathological relationships between the parameters of LPO and indicators characterizing a decrease in vascular blood flow. These changes indicate the rapid involvement of LPO processes in the pathogenic mechanisms of developing structural and functional disorders of periodontal tissues in AH. These changes may be associated with a pronounced functional overload of periodontal tissues in the presence of inflammation. The changes in the velocity characteristics of blood flow in periodontal tissues in adolescents with AH are associated with increasing the toxic lipoperoxide metabolites and are important diagnostic criteria of regional hemodynamic disorders.
The aim of this research was to study changes in the LPO-AOD processes in Mongoloid and Caucasian teenagers with exogenous constitutional obesity (ECO), including those complicated by non-alcoholic ...fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and Methods: A total of 18 Mongoloid teenage boys and 17 Caucasian teenage boys with NAFLD (Clinical group 1 and Clinical group 2, respectively) on the background of ECO of the first degree were examined. For comparison, data of 37 apparently healthy Mongoloid teenage boys (Control group 1) and 23 Caucasian teenage boys (Control group 2) was used. The plasma level of antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant activity TTA, SOD activity, α-tocopherol and retinol) and primary/secondary products of LPO (conjugated dienes CD, ketodienes and conjugated trienes KD-CT, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS) were determined using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. Results: Evaluation of the activity of LPO reactions in Clinical group 1 indicated an increase in the content of compounds with DB relative to Control group 1. A similar trend was found in the concentration of CD and KD-CT. In Clinical group 2, we found a statistically significant increase only in the values of KD-CT. In the parameters of the AOD system, multidirectional changes of patients parameters compared with the control group were observed in Clinical group 1: the increased values of TAA, SOD activity, and reduced levels of α-tocopherol, retinol, and GSSG. In Clinical group 2, lower values of α-tocopherol, GSSG, and SOD activity were observed relative to Control group 2. Differences between the two ethnic groups were present in the control groups—the reduced level of TAA, GSH and the increased level of GSSG in the group of Mongoloids; just as in clinical groups with NAFLD, a high level of SOD activity was observed in Mongoloids compared to Caucasians. Conclusion: The changes revealed in the redox state in Mongoloid and Caucasian teenagers with ECO and NAFLD indicate high activity of LPO processes and severe deficiency of antioxidant vitamins in patients of both ethnic groups. The obtained results allow us to recommend administration of antioxidant drugs in addition to courses of metabolic therapy in comprehensive treatment of patients with ECO and NAFLD.
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