Numerous studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and cancer risk. This association may be modified by polymorphisms in flavonoid metabolizing genes, such as ...NQO1. The independent role of dietary flavonoids was explored in breast cancer and childhood leukemia. The main effect of NQOI*2 and the joint effect with flavonoid intake was assessed in childhood leukemia. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and unconditional logistic regression models were used to analyze data from the Life After Cancer Epidemiology Study (LACE) and the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS), respectively. Consuming more than 9 6 mg daidzein isoflavones daily from soy foods after a breast cancer diagnosis was associated with a non-significantly reduced risk of recurrence in women who were postmenopausal (Hazard Ratio HR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.27-1.77) or had ever used tamoxifen (HR, 0.48; 95%CI, 0.19-1.21) in the LACE study. Among postmenopausal women ever treated with tamoxifen, there was a significant reduction in breast cancer recurrence comparing the highest (> 1.5 mg/day) to the lowest (< 7.7 μg/day) daidzein intake (HR, 0.48; 95%CI, 0.21-0.79). A meta-analysis demonstrated that overall the NQO1*2 variant allele had no significant effect on risk of childhood leukemia. There was, however, an increased risk associated with having at least one copy of NQO1*2 in a subset of all leukemia cases with MLL translocations (summary odds ratio OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.98-1.97). In the NCCLS data, there was a significantly reduced risk of childhood leukemia associated with mothers consuming 9.6-20 mg quercetin daily during pregnancy (OR for non-Hispanic white children with ALL, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10-0.61; OR for cases harboring a prenatal translocation other than MLL, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07-0.70). Having at least 1 copy of the NQO1*2 allele was not independently associated with the risk of childhood ALL or AML (p-value for linear trend > 0.05) and, although tenuous because of sample size, there was no significant interaction between quercetin and the NQO1*2 allele.
Abstract
“Occupational exposure as a painter” was classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) based on increased risks of cancers of the lung, ...bladder, and mesothelioma. Painters are exposed to a mixture of known and suspected lung carcinogens; thus it has been difficult to identify the specific agent(s) contributing to the elevated risk of lung cancer. Although the exposure to occupational carcinogens could differ according to the job duties of a painter, it is unknown whether the risk of lung cancer differs according to the painter type. Data from the SYNERGY study were used to evaluate the risk of lung cancer associated with ever working as a painter, duration of employment, and type of painter (classified according to ISCO and ISIC codes). SYNERGY is a pooled effort of 11 case-control studies in European countries and Canada that includes detailed individual data on smoking for 13389 lung cancer cases and 16384 age- and sex-matched controls. Among the cases and controls, there were 462 and 383 painters, respectively. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, centre, tobacco pack-years, and occupational exposures to asbestos, silica, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chromium VI and nickel as assessed by a job-exposure matrix. An odds ratio (OR) of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.12-1.45) was associated with ever working as painter and the risk of lung cancer increased with increasing years of employment (p-value for trend = 0.0004). A similar magnitude of effect and trend with duration of employment was observed in construction painters (ISCO 93120/ISIC 5000) but not in automobile painters (ISCO 93960/ISIC 3843,9513). Results were similar when restricted to men but uninformative for women only due to small numbers. There was no significant difference in risk when stratified by histological type and restricted to never smokers. Painters, particularly in the construction industry, are at an increased risk for lung cancer and this risk increases with duration of employment. These results will be further refined by specific type of painter and by including additional studies to increase the precision of the risk estimates.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} abstract. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1877. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1877
Abstract
“Occupational exposure as a hairdresser or barber” was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in volume 99 (2010). Small increases ...in lung cancer risk (20-40%) are found in most cohort studies but without adequate adjustment for smoking. Studies in Scandinavia and the USA show a higher prevalence of smokers among hairdressers than in the general population.
The SYNERGY project has pooled information on lifetime work histories (ISCO-68) and tobacco smoking from 13479 cases and 16350 controls, including 20% women, from 11 case-control studies in 12 European countries and Canada. The original studies were conducted between 1985 and 2005. Odds ratios (OR) for lung cancer and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, study, cigarette pack-years and time since quitting smoking.
Less than 1% of the study population had ever worked as hairdresser or barber (0.89% of cases and 0.74% of controls). Hairdressers and barbers experienced a slight increase in lung cancer risk OR 1.16 (95%CI 0.90-1.49), which disappeared after adjusting for smoking OR 0.97 (95%CI 0.73-1.30). Results by duration of employment showed highest risks in hairdressers with short employment. Results were similar by gender, histology of lung cancer, and for women hairdressers. We observed a slight and non-significant increase in risk for male barbers, particularly in barbers with the longest employment and after adjustment for smoking.
We could not detect an association between having worked as hairdresser or barber and increased lung cancer risk overall after adjusting for smoking. However, among male barbers we observed an increasing risk with increasing duration, although non-significant, after adjusting for tobacco smoking. Final results will include several more studies, and thereby increase the precision of our effect estimates.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} abstract. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1875. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1875
Objectives The International Agency for Research on Cancer identified “occupational exposure as a painter” as a cause of lung cancer. Identifying the specific causative agent(s) has been difficult ...since painters are exposed to mixtures of known and suspected carcinogens that change over time. Using a large pooled dataset, we evaluated the risk of lung cancer among painters by duration of employment and painting activity. Methods Detailed individual data on smoking were available for 16258 lung cancer cases (605 painters, 3.7%) and 19922 age- and sex-matched controls (473 painters, 2.4%) from SYNERGY, a pooled effort of 12 case-control studies in Europe and Canada. Painting activity was classified from job titles using ISCO 1968 and ISIC Revision 2 codes. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, centre, smoking habits and previous employment in high-risk occupations. Results An OR of 1.38 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.59) was found for ever working as a painter; the excess risk of lung cancer increased with increasing years of employment (p-trend<0.0001). In never smokers, the OR was 1.75 (95% CI 1.01 to 3.02). The highest lung cancer risks with significant exposure-response trends were observed for construction (p-trend<0.0001), spray (p-trend=0.01) and repair painters (p-trend=0.03). Results were similar by histological type. Conclusions These findings support the evidence of an increased risk of lung cancer among painters. Analyses by painting activity may help to identify causative agents.
Objectives Most cohort studies show an increased risk of lung cancer among hairdressers. We investigated the risk of lung cancer among hairdressers and barbers in a large pooled dataset, while ...controlling for smoking. Methods The SYNERGY project has pooled information on lifetime work histories (ISCO-68) and tobacco smoking from 16258 lung cancer cases and 19922 controls, including 20% women, from 12 case-control studies in European and Canada. ORs for lung cancer and 95% CIs were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, study, cigarette pack-years and time since quitting smoking. Results Less than 1% of the study population had ever worked as hairdresser or barber (145 cases, 140 controls). Hairdressers and barbers experienced a slight increase in lung cancer risk (OR 1.23; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.56), which disappeared after adjusting for smoking (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.25). Results by duration of employment showed highest risks in hairdressers with short employment. Results were similar by gender and histology of lung cancer. We observed a slight and non-significant increase in risk for male barbers, particularly in barbers with the longest employment and after adjustment for smoking (OR 1.62; 95% CI 0.81 to 3.24). Conclusions We did not detect an increased risk of lung cancer overall among those who ever worked as hairdresser or barber. However, among male barbers we observed that risk increased with duration of employment, although not statistically significant.
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