Identifying and treating people in a pre-frail state may be an effective way to prevent or delay frailty and preserve their functional capacity. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of, and ...compliance with, a 12 week individualized nutritional supplementation (INS) and Nordic walking (NW) program in pre-frail older Indians. The primary measure is physical performance, as indicated by Fried's Frailty scale. Other measures include: cognition, as indicated by the Hindi Mental Status Examination; mood, by the Geriatric Depression Scale; and nutritional status, by the Mini Nutritional Assessment.
This is an open-labeled experimental pre-test and post-test study, which took place from October 2012 to December 2014. The study was approved by Institute Ethics committee (IEC/NP-350/2012/RP-26/2012) at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. Participants were sixty-six pre-frail elderly, who were randomly allocated into three subgroups, namely: A (NW only), B (INS only), and C (NW and INS). One-way ANOVA was used to statistically assess differences in baseline characteristics for quantitative variables, with the Chi-Square/Fischer exact test utilized for qualitative variables. Paired t-tests were used to assess pre and post intervention difference within the group for quantitative variables, with McNemar's Chi-Square test used for qualitative variables. Kruskal Wallis test was used to assess significant intervention effects among the groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
There was significant effect of intervention in gait speed in group A (p = 0.001) and C (p = 0.002), but not in group B (p = 0.926). While there was no significant change in grip strength in Group A (p = 0.488) and B (p = 0.852), a statistically significant increase was observed in group C (p = 0.013). Mood significantly improved in group B (p = 0.025) and C (p = 0.021). No significant difference was noted in cognitive status across groups. Following the interventions, a total of 18.18% of pre-frail participants were classified as non-frail.
Combining NW and INS provides a simple, pragmatic intervention with efficacy in the management of functionally vulnerable older adults, and allows their maintained independence. Future studies should replicate this readily applicable intervention in a larger cohort with a longer follow-up period.
Clinical Trial Registry-India CTRI/2016/05/006937 Registered on: 16/05/2016; Trial was Registered Retrospectively.
The Cardiac Health Check-up Camp was held from 13th December 2014 to 21st January 2015 (between 08: 00 hrs to 17:00 hrs with prior online Registration for the Camp. 1. 41.3% of screened employees had ...an abnormal glucose metabolism
INDIA'S RECENT ECONOMIC TRANSITION Gupta, S P
The Asia Pacific journal of economics & business,
12/1997, Letnik:
1, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Post-Independence India adopted a highly controlled economic regime, with a closed economy and an emphasis on central planning. However, by the 1980s, policy-makers had realized the adverse effects ...of such a highly regulated system. In the early 1990s, an ambitious and comprehensive set of liberalization reforms was implemented, triggered primarily by a foreign exchange crisis. This paper critically evaluates these reforms. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
•ZnMgO with Mg composition of x ≤ 0.20 is synthesized by a facile green synthesis route.•Microstructural information is determined by Rietveld refinement and pair distribution function.•Composition ...induced disorder is evinced in the electron density maps and phonon dynamics.•Zinc and oxygen vacancy concentration are estimated from a spatial correlation analysis of the Raman modes.•Ferromagnetism observed in the low field region is correlated to zinc vacancies .
ZnMgO nanopowders are synthesized via a facile green synthesis approach using Psidium Guvajava leaf extract. The microstructure and defects are investigated through a structural refinement of the x-ray diffraction data by Rietveld analysis, pair distribution function analysis, and a spatial correlation modelling of the Raman spectra. The composition-dependant ionic character changes are visualized through changes in the lattice constants, electron density maps, and Madelung energy. The spatial correlation model fitting of the E2 (low) and E2 (high) Raman modes are used to estimate the zinc and oxygen vacancy concentrations respectively. The room temperature ferromagnetism observed in the low magnetic field region (±1000 Oe) is correlated to the zinc vacancy concentration.
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One of the roles of social entrepreneurship within a national system of innovation (NSI) is to generate and ensure effective adoption of innovations that address underserved needs. However, many such ...innovations do not achieve the expected social impact. Why? Our paper explores answers to this question by considering access to sanitation as a basic need and ‘toilets’ as an innovation for those who had no prior access to one. We trace the evolution of the Indian sanitation sector and then delve into the process of sanitation coverage in an Indian village. We show that demand for social entrepreneurship is being increasingly satisfied by third party sponsored social enterprises. However, there is systemic uncertainty about the efforts required to catalyze demand and strategic uncertainty about the social enterprise's capabilities and intentions. Long term impact is jointly determined by the true intention of the social enterprise, its capabilities and the nature of contextual challenges. Therefore, forecasting of social change should integrate the incentives within NSI for social entrepreneurship to make high-quality sustained social impact rather than short-lived ones. This will not only depend on the willingness to adopt, but also the monitoring systems, impact analysis and sustainability audits that social entrepreneurship is subject to.
•Social entrepreneurs/enterprise/entrepreneurship cannot be referred to interchangeably.•NSI merely focusing on innovation generation cannot ensure optimal social impact.•Social enterprises are new NSI actors who focus on social impact of innovations.•Additional NSI mechanisms are needed to incentivize ‘long-term impact’ of social enterprises.•To catalyze and forge ‘demand’ for pro-poor innovations, NSI support is vital.
•ZnMgO with Mg incorporation of x ≤ 0.15 is prepared by sol–gel auto combustion technique.•Microstructural information is determined by the Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns.•Solubility limit ...10% of Mg is confirmed by XRD and Rietveld refined patterns.•Oxygen vacancy defect is estimated from the change in oxygen site occupancy (Δg0) and the Raman modes.
ZnMgO nanoparticles were prepared by a simple sol–gel auto combustion method with a fuel to oxidizer ratio 2:1 followed by thermal annealing in an air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction confirms the 10 at% solubility of Mg and the maintenance of the wurtzite phase. The microstructural information was obtained by the Rietveld method through a structural refinement of X-ray diffraction data. The change in c/a ratio and value of the positional parameter u suggests the change in ionic character in Zn–O4 tetrahedra towards more ionic and is validated through the value of electronegativity. This oxygen vacancy formation is supported through the relative change in oxygen site occupancy, electronegativity and oxidation state of cation Zn. Signatures of oxygen vacancy defects are observed in the Raman spectra.
Summary A new Global Investment Framework for Women's and Children's Health demonstrates how investment in women's and children's health will secure high health, social, and economic returns. We ...costed health systems strengthening and six investment packages for: maternal and newborn health, child health, immunisation, family planning, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. Nutrition is a cross-cutting theme. We then used simulation modelling to estimate the health and socioeconomic returns of these investments. Increasing health expenditure by just $5 per person per year up to 2035 in 74 high-burden countries could yield up to nine times that value in economic and social benefits. These returns include greater gross domestic product (GDP) growth through improved productivity, and prevention of the needless deaths of 147 million children, 32 million stillbirths, and 5 million women by 2035. These gains could be achieved by an additional investment of $30 billion per year, equivalent to a 2% increase above current spending.
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•The spatial variation of the ion implantation-induced damage and strain in 4H-SiC are investigated through RBS, HRXRD and Raman spectroscopy.•The randomly displaced atoms estimated ...from Rutherford Backscattering spectra changes from 2.5 % to 100 % for fluence varying from 1 × 1013 cm−2 to 1 × 1016 cm−2.•The degree of crystallinity assessed though the Debye-Walle factor varies from 70% to about 3% to almost 0% for the fluence of 1 × 1013 cm−2, 1 × 1015 cm−2, and 1 × 1016 cm−2 respectively. The maximum strain decreases from 2.5% to 1.65% for the fluence varying from 1 × 1015 cm−2 to 1 × 1016 cm−2.
The ion implantation-induced disorder and strain in 4H-SiC implanted with 200 keV Si ions and its subsequent recrystallization by thermal annealing are investigated. The concentration of randomly displaced atoms (RDA) are determined from Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy in channeling geometry. The depth profiles of the strain and the crystalline quality are assessed through the Debye-Waller factor determined from simulations of the High-Resolution X-Ray Diffraction patterns. Raman spectroscopic measurements support the ion-induced crystalline to amorphous transitions and the recrystallization upon annealing.
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