Human factors researchers from the FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center conducted a human-in-the-loop simulation to investigate variable lateral separation standards in the en route air traffic ...control environment. Twelve Certified Professional Controllers participated in the study. In addition to the typical 5-mile separation standard for the en route environment, we used reduced and increased separation requirements in the study. We simulated reduced separation requirements (i.e., 3 miles) using a Single Sensor Radar Site Adaptation as well as for aircraft with either Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast or Performance-Based Navigation equipment. We simulated increased separation (i.e., 10 miles) for Unmanned Aircraft Systems. In addition, we simulated variable wake turbulence separation requirements for Airbus 380s and Very Light Jets. We also developed a set of support tools to assist the controllers in using the variable separation procedures. We identified several human factors issues that may affect air traffic controllers when using variable separation standards in the en route environment.
In software engineering, team task assignments appear to have a significant potential impact on a project's overall success. The authors propose task assignment effort adjustment factors that can ...help tune existing estimation models. They show significant improvements in the predictive abilities of both Cocomo I and II by enhancing them with these factors.
Abstract 9Forests represent a major global C sink, and forest management strategies that maximize carbon storage offer one avenue for mitigating increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide ...concentrations. Our understanding of relationships between forest management, productivity, carbon storage, and stand age, however, is limited. We established research plots in a chronosequence of thinned and unmanaged red pine stands in northern Minnesota to study patterns of carbon storage, and the major fluxes that influence carbon sequestration. We completed an inventory of all major C pools across a chronosequence of 57 red pine stands ages 9-306 years on the Chippewa National Forest in the fall of 2009. Results indicate total ecosystem C pools increase as red pine stands age for at least 150 years, and on-site C storage in thinned stands appears similar to unmanaged stands of comparable ages, despite different age-related trends in the live tree and forest floor pools. Thinned stands may have the potential to store more C than unmanaged stands in old age when C removed during harvesting is added into the total ecosystem C pool.
Adenovirus (ADV) infections are increasingly recognized as significant cause of morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of ...effective treatment are important in preventing often fatal disseminated ADV disease.
We report our experience with using cidofovir (CDV) for the treatment of adenovirus infection in 57 HSCT patients, median age 8 years (range 0.5–26). Fifty-four patients received allogeneic HSCT, 35 of whom were T-cell depleted with 3 patients receiving autologous marrow. Blood was tested weekly for ADV by quantitative real-time PCR, with viral culture performed on urine, stool and throat swabs. Antiviral therapy was initiated immediately upon detection of ADV by PCR, culture or tissue histopathology. Cidofovir was given at 5mg/kg once weekly for 2 weeks, then every 2 weeks untill 3 negative PCR or cultures were documented. ADV was first detected at a median of 53 days (range 6–319 days) after HSCT. The most common clinical manifestations were diarrhea (53%), fever (21%), hemorrhagic cystitis (12%), and pneumonitis (11%). Fourteen (25%) patients were asymptomatic and four (7%) patients had exacerbation of an ongoing GVHD.
The virus was isolated from stool 53%, blood 50%, urine 16%, respiratory specimens 16% and the cerebrospinal fluid in 1 patient. Twenty (35%) patients had the virus isolated from more than 2 sites. Of the 30 patients who initially had ADV only in stool, 77% of them became PCR-positive in the blood while on CDV therapy, at a median of 10 days after ADV was first detected from the stool. The median duration of therapy was 60 days (range 1–270), with a median of 5 doses given (range 1–22). CDV treatment was associated with resolution of diarrhea, hemorrhagic cystitis, fever and pneumonitis in 56 patients in whom the virus became undetectable by both cultures and quantitative PCR. There was one adenovirus-related death due to pneumonitis and ARDS. No cases of dose-limiting nephrotoxicity were observed. Cidofovir was demonstrated to be safe and effective for the treatment of ADV infection in this predominantly pediatric HSCT patient population. Vigilant surveillance for ADV and early treatment with CDV can prevent the poor outcomes associated with ADV disease. A larger prospective study will be needed to further determine the role of CDV in the treatment of ADV in patients after HSCT.
A highly integrated system-on-chip is currently in development. Based on the flight-proven RAD6000™ microprocessor, this mixed-signal microcontroller supports a wide variety of standard digital ...interfaces commonly used in spacecraft avionics. Multiple analog input and output channels are also provided. This paper will discuss the RAD6000mc architecture, porting of the RAD6000 processor into a reusable core, development of the analog circuitry and analog control interface core, and various applications for which the RAD6000MC is well matched.
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