The diversity of processes taking place in hillslope agro-ecosystems makes the estimation of vadose zone dynamics rather challenging. This paper presents the first insight into the research of ...volumetric water content, granulometric composition, meteorological data, precipitation and soil-water isotopic composition conducted within the SUPREHILL project at its vadose zone observatory. The main goals of this research are related to the evaluation of soil-water origin at the hillslope vineyard, but also to the estimation of depths until which precipitation infiltrates and where the occurrence of preferential flow is possible. For that purpose, hydrometeorological data, granulometric composition and stable isotopesof hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) from precipitation and sampled soil water have been used. The results indicate the existence of a different isotopic signature in soil water, which suggests different infiltration patterns in the investigated area. Also, the results point out that surface runoff, subsurface runoff, and most of the passive wick lysimeters respond to precipitation, while the response of suction probes located at deeper depth is not that evident. This corresponds to the results related to the variation of water content at different depths. All the results indicate the possible existence of a low permeable layer at an approximate depth of 60 cm. Furthermore, preferential flow, if it exists, can be expected from the shallowest depths of the vineyard to a maximum depth of 80 cm. It is expected that an established long-term monitoring network at the SUPREHILL Observatory will give a more precise definition of soil-water behaviour and the existence of preferential flow.
Ljekovita svojstva gljiva Širić, Ivan; Han, Luka
Glasnik Zaštite Bilja,
12/2018, Letnik:
41, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Cilj ovog rada je dati pregledan prikaz ljekovitih svojstava nekih vrsta gljiva. Prikazane vrste gljiva sistematski pripadaju razredu Basidiomycetes, a prema načinu ishrane su saprotrofi te su ...izuzetno pogodne za uzgoj. Također, neke od vrsta spomenutih u ovom radu rastu na prirodnim staništima diljem Hrvatske. Danas su gljive popularna vrijedna hrana, jer imaju nisku kalorijsku vrijednost, siromašne su ugljikohidratima, mastima i natriju te ne sadrže kolesterol. Gljive sadrže važne hranjive tvari, uključujući selen, kalij, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin D, proteine i vlakna. Brojna istraživanja ukazuju blagotvorne učinke na zdravlje i liječenje nekih bolesti gljivama, kao što su prevencija ili liječenje Parkinsonove i Alzheimerove bolesti, hipertenzije i visokog rizika od moždanog udara. Također se koriste za smanjenje vjerojatnosti pojave raka i metastaza. Gljive djeluju antibakterijski, snizuju kolesterol i jačaju imunološki sustav te su važan izvori bioaktivnih spojeva.
Raznolikost procesa koji se odvijaju unutar vadozne zone pri padinskim agroekosustavima čini procjenu dinamike vode izazovnom. Ovaj rad predstavlja prvi uvid u rezultate volumetrijskoga sadržaja ...vode, granulometrijskoga sastava tla, meteoroloških podataka te izotopni sastav oborina i vode u tlu istraživanih u sklopu projekta SUPREHILL, to jest njegova opservatorija. Glavni ciljevi ovoga rada vezani su za procjenu podrijetla vode u tlu padinskoga vinograda, ali i za procjenu dubine do koje se oborine infiltriraju te gdje je moguća pojava preferencijalnoga toka. Za navedenu svrhu korišteni su hidrometeorološki podatci, granulometrijski sastav tla te stabilni izotopi vodika (δ2H) i kisika (δ18O) iz oborina te iz uzorkovane vode iz tla. Rezultati upućuju na postojanje različitoga izotopnog potpisa u vodi u tlu, što sugerira različite obrasce infiltracije na istraživanome području. Također, rezultati pokazuju da sustavi za površinsko i podzemno otjecanje te većina pasivnih lizimetara reagiraju na oborine, dok odaziv usisnih sondi instaliranih na većim dubinama nije očit. Navedeno odgovara rezultatima koji se odnose na varijaciju sadržaja vode u tlu na različitim dubinama. Svi rezultati upućuju na mogućnost postojanja slabije propusnoga sloja na približno 60 cm dubine. Nadalje, preferencijalni tok vode, ako postoji, prema ovim saznanjima može se očekivati do dubine od 80 cm. Očekuje se da će dugoročno praćenje podataka putem uspostavljene senzorske mreže u SUPREHILL opservatoriju preciznije definirati ponašanje vode u tlu i postojanje preferencijalnoga toka vode.
The classification of Fatou components for rational functions was concluded with Sullivan's proof of the No Wandering Domains Theorem in 1985. In 2016 it was shown, in joint work of the first and ...last author with Buff, Dujardin and Raissy, that wandering domains do exist in higher dimensions. In fact, wandering domains arise even for a seemingly simple class of maps: polynomial skew products. While the construction gives an infinite dimensional class of examples, and has been extended to polynomial automorphisms of C 4 by Hahn and the last author, the currently known wandering domains are essentially unique. Our goal in this paper is to construct a second example, arising from similar techniques , but with distinctly different dynamical behavior. Instead of wandering domains arising from a Lavaurs map with an attracting fixed point, we construct a domain arising from a Lavaurs map with a fixed point of Siegel type. Siegel disks are not robust under perturbations, as opposed to attracting fixed points. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a so-called trapping domain for non-autonomous dynamical systems given by sequences of maps converging parabolically towards a Siegel type limit map. Guaranteeing that this condition is satisfied in our current construction requires a reconsideration of the proof of the original wandering domain, as more precise estimates on the rate of convergence towards the Lavaurs map are required. By adapting ideas introduced recently by Bedford, Smillie and Ueda, and by proving the existence of parabolic curves, with control on their domains of definition, we prove that the convergence rate is parabolic.
Le théorème de non-errance de Sullivan a conclu en 1985 la classification des composantes de Fatou des fractions rationnelles. En 2016, dans un travail en collaboration entre les premiers et derniers auteurs ainsi que Buff, Dujardin et Raissy, il a été prouvé que les domaines errants existent en dimensions supérieures. Plus précisément, des domaines errants peuvent apparaître même pour une classe d'applications polyno-miales apparemment simple : les produits fibrés polynomiaux. Même si la construction fournit une infinité d'exemples, et a été étendue aux automorphismes polynomiaux de C 4 par Hahn et le dernier auteur, les domaines errants connus jusqu'à présent sont essentiellement uniques. Notre but dans ce papier est de construire un second exemple, en utilisant des techniques similaires, mais avec un comportement dynamique différent. Au lieu de produire des domaines errants à partir d'une application de Lavaurs avec un point fixe attractif, nous travaillons avec une application de Lavaurs ayant un point fixe de Siegel. Les disques de Siegel ne sont pas robustes par perturbations, contrairement aux points fixes attractifs. On prouve une condition nécessaire et suffisante d'existence de régions pièges pour des systèmes dynamiques non-autonomes donnés par des compositions d'applications convergeant à une vitesse parabolique vers une application limite de type Siegel. Pour garantir que cette condition est satisfaite dans notre situation, il est nécessaire de revenir sur la preuve de la construction de domaines errants, pour obtenir des estimations plus précises sur la vitesse de convergence. En adaptant certaines idées de Bedford, Smillie et Ueda, et en prouvant l'existence de courbes paraboliques sur un domaine approprié, on détermine un équivalent du reste dans la convergence vers l'application de Lavaurs.
Short
C
2
’s were constructed in
5
as attracting basins of a sequence of holomorphic automorphisms whose rate of attraction increases superexponentially. The goal of this paper is to show that such ...domains also arise naturally as autonomous attracting basins: we construct a transcendental Hénon map with an oscillating wandering Fatou component that is a Short
C
2
. The superexponential rate of attraction is not obtained at single iterations, but along consecutive oscillations.
African wild suids consist of several endemic species that represent ancient members of the family Suidae and have colonized diverse habitats on the African continent. However, limited genomic ...resources for African wild suids hinder our understanding of their evolution and genetic diversity. In this study, we assembled high-quality genomes of a common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), a red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus), as well as an East Asian Diannan small-ear pig (Sus scrofa). Phylogenetic analysis showed that common warthog and red river hog diverged from their common ancestor around the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, putatively predating their entry into Africa. We detected species-specific selective signals associated with sensory perception and interferon signaling pathways in common warthog and red river hog, respectively, which contributed to their local adaptation to savannah and tropical rainforest environments, respectively. The structural variation and evolving signals in genes involved in T-cell immunity, viral infection, and lymphoid development were identified in their ancestral lineage. Our results provide new insights into the evolutionary histories and divergent genetic adaptations of African suids.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a chronic CNS demyelinating autoimmune disorder targeting the astrocyte antigen aquaporin-4 (AQP4), typically presenting with optic neuritis, ...transverse myelitis, and brain syndromes. Cognitive dysfunction (CD) in NMOSD is under-recognized and poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical variables associated with CD in NMOSD.
This observational retrospective study with longitudinal follow-up describes a clinical cohort seen in the Collaborative International Research in Clinical and Longitudinal Experience Study in NMOSD. Serial Montreal Cognitive Assessments (MoCAs) were performed upon enrollment and at 6-month intervals to evaluate longitudinal cognitive function relative to demographic and disease-related factors. We used 2-tailed
test, analysis of variance, the χ
test, linear regression for univariable and adjusted analyses and simultaneous linear regression and mixed-effects model for multivariable analyses.
Thirty-four percent (75/219) of patients met criteria for CD (MoCA <26); 29% (64/219) showed mild dysfunction (MoCA 20-26/30), and 5% (11/219) showed moderate (MoCA <20/30) dysfunction. Patients with less neurologic disability and lower pain scores had higher MoCA scores (95% CI 0.24-0.65 and 95% CI 0.09-0.42, respectively). Patients with at least high school education scored higher on the MoCA (95% CI 2.2-5). When comparing patients dichotomized for CD, patients never on rituximab scored higher than patients only treated with rituximab (
< 0.029). There was no significant association between annualized relapse rate, age, sex, disease duration, AQP4 serostatus or brain lesions, and CD. CD was more pronounced among Black than White patients (95% CI -2.7 to -0.7). Multivariable analysis of serial MoCA did not indicate change (
= 0.715). Descriptive analysis of serial MoCA showed 30% (45/150) of patients with worsening MoCA performance had impaired language and verbal recall.
To our knowledge, this is the largest study of diverse cohort to investigate CD in patients with NMOSD. Our findings demonstrate 34% of patients with NMOSD experience mild-to-moderate CD, while 30% of patients demonstrated decline on serial testing. The substantial prevalence of CD in this pilot report highlights the need for improved and validated screening tools and comprehensive measures to investigate CD in NMOSD.
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