Sarcasm detection in the Indonesian language poses a unique set of challenges due to the linguistic nuances and cultural specificities of the Indonesian social media landscape. Understanding the ...dynamics of sarcasm in this context requires a deep dive into not only language patterns but also the socio-cultural background that shapes the use of sarcasm as a form of criticism and expression. In this study, we developed the first publicly available Indonesian sarcasm detection benchmark datasets from social media texts. We extensively investigated the results of classical machine learning algorithms, pre-trained language models, and recent large language models (LLMs). Our findings show that fine-tuning pre-trained language models is still superior to other techniques, achieving F1 scores of 62.74% and 76.92% on the Reddit and Twitter subsets respectively. Further, we show that recent LLMs fail to perform zero-shot classification for sarcasm detection and that tackling data imbalance requires a more sophisticated data augmentation approach than our basic methods.
Selada merah merupakan sayuran berdaun merah, mengandung antosianin sebagai sumber antioksidan serta bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Selada merah kaya antosianin menjadi sayur yang menyehatkan, dimana ...kandungannya dapat ditingkatkan melalui cekaman abiotik, sehingga akumulasi antosianin pada daun lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini memodifikasi kualitas cahaya dengan memberikan warna cahaya lampu LED (merah, kuning, hijau dan biru) dan variasi konsentrasi media dengan penambahan molybdenum (0; 0,01; 0,02; 0,03 mg/L). Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa paparan warna lampu LED biru dan merah menyebabkan meningkatnya kandungan antosianin dan klorofil pada semua media tanaman yang mengandung molibdnum (Mo)., dan sebaliknya dengan peberian paparan warna kuning dan hijau. Kombinasi paparan cahaya lampu LED warna biru dan 0,03 mg/L Mo mampu meningkatkan kandungan antosianin pada daun selada merah mencapai 676,22 µg/g berat segar daun, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam meningkatkan kualitas selada merah dengan pemilihan warna cahaya dan media tanaman yang optimal.
Background
Metarhizium
is one of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) that has been widely reported as a useful agent for controlling the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB),
Oryctes rhinoceros
L. ...(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Application of this fungus as a biopesticide is influenced by regional environmental conditions that affect the pathogenic activity against the targeted pest. Several studies have proven that the native fungal isolates have strong pathogenic activity than EPF introduced from other regions. The identification of local EPF species is a strategic approach to develop potential biopesticides with standard properties including host specificity, climate suitability, and significantly suppressing the target pest population. This study aimed to identify
Metarhizium
species isolated from infected CRB larvae with high pathogenicity to host pests in East Java, Indonesia.
Results
Thirteen isolates were obtained which were divided into 4 clades based on phylogenetic analysis by the ITS rDNA region, namely
M. anisopliae
var.
lepidiotae
,
M. anisopliae
var.
anisopliae
,
M. brunneum
, and
M. majus
. Identified
Metarhizium
species exhibited varied sizes of conidia, but fell within the size ranges reported in previous studies. Interestingly, the isolate MaSi produced conidial lengths well above the range of conidial sizes recorded and placed these isolates (
M. anisopliae
) in the MGT clade, known as MALC (
M. anisopliae
s.l. with large conidia). The present investigation reported that isolates MaLe, MaMa, MaWa, and MaSi produced higher mortality values than other isolates, supporting that
M. majus
and MALC had higher pathogenicity against
O. rhinoceros
larvae than other
Metarhizium
species. Neighbor-joining analysis showed a close resemblance between the isolate MaMa and the strain ARSEF 1946, which was isolated from the CRB. In addition, the isolate MaMa had the highest virulence against
O. rhinoceros
larval cadaver with a faster lethal time (for 50% mortality). This result indicated a possible relationship between phylogenetic status or DNA sequence polymorphisms with
Metarhizium
pathogenicity and host specificity.
Conclusions
The local species of
Metarhizium
have been isolated from infected CRB larvae, and
M. majus
isolates exhibited high pathogenicity against
O. rhinoceros
larvae. The close similarity of
M. majus
isolates and CRB-isolated strains suggests a possible relationship between pathogenicity and host specificity with phylogenetic status or DNA sequence polymorphisms.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), is a complication resulting from the disease that can lead to blindness if not detected early. Recently, many classification systems for diabetic retinopathy have been ...developed. However, several problems were found, namely, the classification results in certain classes still have less than optimal accuracy values, the lack of in-depth analysis for the results, and the overall accuracy that can still be improved. In this work, we experiment by evaluating and combining new deep learning models such as EfficientNet, EfficientNetV2, LCNet, MobileNetV3, TinyNet, and FBNetV3 using ensemble stacking techniques with four different meta-learners: decision trees, logistic regression, ANN, and SVM to provide better accuracy in classifying the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Our work offers satisfactory classification results on the APTOS 2019 dataset with training, validation, testing, and F1 score accuracy of 96.56%, 95.33%, 84.17%, and 70.16%, respectively.
Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) merupakan tanaman legum yang memiliki kandungan gizi cukup tinggi. Produksi buncis belum mampu memenuhi permintaan buncis yang tinggi. Rendahnya produksi buncis dapat ...disebabkan oleh ketersediaan unsur hara. Kebutuhan unsur hara kalium (K) pada buncis tidak tercukupi karena kalium bersifat mudah tercuci. Upaya pemenuhan unsur hara kalium dilakukan melalui pemupukan KCl. Dosis pupuk yang tepat dapat membantu tanaman mencukupi kebutuhannya untuk tumbuh optimal. Waktu aplikasi pupuk yang tepat membantu tanaman menjaga ketersediaannya akan unsur hara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian dosis pupuk KCl dan waktu aplikasi pupuk KCl terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu dosis pupuk KCl K0 = 0 g/tanaman, K1 = 2,5 g/tanaman, K2 = 3 g/tanaman, K3 = 3,5 g/tanaman. Faktor kedua yaitu waktu aplikasi pupuk KCl W1 = 14 hst, W2 = 14 hst dan 21 hst, W3 = 14 hst, 21 hst, 28 hst. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dan diuji menggunakan Uji Lanjut Jarak Berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil tertinggi diperoleh perlakuan K3 dengan dosis pupuk KCl 3,5 g/tanaman dan perlakuan W3 dengan waktu aplikasi pupuk KCl pada 14 hst, 21 hst, dan 28 hst.
Proteomic Analysis of Wheat Flour Allergens Akagawa, Mitsugu; Handoyo, Tri; Ishii, Takeshi ...
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,
08/2007, Letnik:
55, Številka:
17
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Wheat can cause severe IgE-mediated systematic reactions, but knowledge on relevant wheat allergens at the molecular level is scanty. The aim of the present study was to achieve a more detailed and ...comprehensive characterization of the wheat allergens involved in food allergy to wheat using proteomic strategies, referred to as “allergenomics”. Whole flour proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with isoelectric focusing and lithium dodecyl sulfate−polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Then, IgE-binding proteins were detected by immunoblotting with sera of patients with a food allergy to wheat. After tryptic digestion, the peptides of IgE-binding proteins were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In this study, we identified four previously reported wheat allergens or their sequentially homologous proteins serpin, α-amylase inhibitor, γ-gliadin, and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin by a database search. As a result of the high resolution of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, nine subunits of LMW glutenins were identified as the most predominant IgE-binding antigens. The two-dimensional allergen map can be beneficial in many ways. It could be used, for example, for precise diagnosis of wheat-allergic patients and assessment of wheat allergens in food. Additionally, we compared allergenomics to conventional biochemical methods and evaluated the usefulness of a proteomic strategy for identifying putative allergens to wheat allergy. Keywords: Allergen; allergenomics; food allergy; gliadin; glutenin; IgE; mass spectrometry; proteomics; wheat; wheat allergy
Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for the growth and development of rice plants, required in large quantity and often limiting factor of rice yields. The research was to understand the different ...sources and levels of nitrogen in rice plant on the activity of N assimilation enzymes, including nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthase (GS) content, glutamate synthase (Gogat) content, content, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) content on the leaves. Paddy (Ciherang variety) was grown in sand media containing Hoagland solution with different sources (ammonium and nitrate) and levels (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8 mM) of nitrogen. Nitrogen assimilation was observed from leaves at one month of age. The NR activity increased on both Nitrogen sources, it was a higher activity in media contained nitrate. Also, the activity of GS showed higher in media contains nitrate, but its activity was decreased after application 1.6 mM of nitrate and 3.2 mM of ammonium. Western blot analysis of GS1 and GS2 showed that the band pattern of protein was similar to these enzyme activities. Nitrate content in leaves gradually increased in both sources of nitrogen and higher than 3.2 mM ammonium application caused an increase in ammonium content in leaves, but the nitrate content decreased. This research resulted that the available source of N for rice was in nitrate form, easily by the rice plants during the growth stage.
Aeration plays a pivotal role in an intensive shrimp pond regarding shrimp growth and energy costs. The purpose of this study was to find a way to reduce energy costs while maintaining shrimp ...performance. The study was carried out in about 0.3 hectares of outdoor ponds for 80 days with stocking density being set to 80 shrimp/m
2
in two types of treatment an Automatic (AP) and a Manual paddlewheel (MP). Parameters observed were dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, temperature of water and pH, energy cost, and shrimp biomass. Resulting study found that mean DO concentrations in both treatments were not significantly different, which were 4.99 ± 1.45 ppm and 4.94 ± 1.54 ppm for AP and MP respectively. Temperature and pH were also found to be in same range of 26.81-34.08
o
C and 7.8-8.3. Differences in paddlewheels had no effect on final biomass; AP produced 2249.56 ± 300.67 kg, while MP resulted in 1547.43 ± 359.04 kg. However, the treatments reduced total energy costs significantly, from $657.84 ± 6.13 for MP to $409.76 ± 3.52 for AP. Using of an automated paddlewheel based on real-time DO concentration can contribute significantly to lowering production costs and energy consumption without interfering with shrimp performance.
Transformasi genetik adalah metode alternatif untuk mendapatkan bibit unggul tanaman tebu dengan kandungan sukrosa tinggi. Kandungan sukrosa dalam tanaman tebu dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan enzim SPS ...yang dikode oleh gen SoSPS1. Enzim SPS berperan penting dalam proses pembentukan dan akumulasi sukrosa pada tanaman. Transformasi genetik SoSPS1 diharapkan dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi dan aktivitas enzim SPS pada tanaman. Konstruk plasmid untuk gen SoSPS1 ditambahkan enhancer OsADH yang berperan saat proses translasi protein. Adanya OsADH membantu proses penerjemahan asam amino ketika proses translasi sehingga kemampuan tanaman mengekspresikan gen tidak terganggu oleh cekaman abiotik. Konstrak gen target disispkan ke dalam T-plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV 3103 kemudian diinfeksikan pada kalus somatik embriogenik (SE) tanaman tebu varietas Buluh Lawang. Setelah proses transformasi, kalus diseleksi secara invitro menggunakan kanamisin 50 ppm. Media dasar setiap tahap menggunakan formulasi Murashige and Skoog. Calon tunas yang lolos hingga seleksi kelima kemudian diaklimatisasi dan dilakukan analisis PCR untuk mendeteksi adanya gen target. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan eksplan kalus SE mampu menghasilkan tanaman transgenik dengan tingkat efisiensi transformasi sebesar 2,4% dan memiliki kemampuan regenerasi menjadi tanaman dengan organel lengkap.
Porang adalah tanaman yang tumbuh di daerah tropis dibawah tegakan hutan. Porang termasuk tanaman komersial banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena mengandung glukomanan yang cukup tinggi. Kebutuhan ...bibit melalui katak dan umbi relative mahal dalam budidaya porang sehingga dengan pendekatan kultur jaringan melalui Somatic Embryogenesis (SE) dan suspensi sel untuk perbanyakan masal bibit porang sangat memungkinkan. Hasil SE digunakan untuk kultur suspensi sel agar menghasilkan bibit dalam jumlah banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan SE dalam jumlah banyak sebagai bahan kultur suspensi sel. Perbanyakan SE menggunakan Rancangan Acak lengkap (RAL) factorial, factor pertama konsentrasi NAA dengan konsentrasi 0,5 ppm, 1 ppm, dan 1,5 ppm. Factor kedua konsentrasi 2,4-D konsentrasi 1 ppm dan 2 ppm sehingga terdapat 6 kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Hasil SE terbaik selanjutnya dikultur suspensi sel menggunakan hormon NAA 0,25 ml di-shaker selama 8 minggu diinkubasi pada kondisi gelap. Parameter pengamatan terdiri dari kedinian munculnya kalus, persentase kalus, struktur, warna kalus, proliferasi kalus, histologi kalus, respon hasil suspensi, proliferasi kalus hasil kultur suspensi. Data dianalisis menggunakan DMRT pada taraf 5%, sedangkan parameter suspensi sel dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian SE terbaik pada perlakuan kombinasi 1 ppm NAA + 2 ppm 2,4-D menghasilkan persentase kalus tertinggi yaitu 90%, warna kalus dengan skoring 5Y 8/6 berwarna putih susu yang remah. Hasil kultur suspensi menggunakan hormon NAA dengan konsesntrasi 0,25 ppm menunjukkan pertumbuhan kalus tertinggi yaitu dengan menghitung volume endapan kalus terjadi pada fase eksponensial (7 minggu inkubasi) mencapai 3,67 ml.
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