The scattered settlement landscape is a specific type of cultural landscape with a relatively low degree of transformation of the original natural landscape. Herein, we present reflections on the ...concept of cultural landscape in general and the specifics of a scattered settlement cultural landscape. Further, we use the example of the natural background and the cultural and political context of the Hrušov village to analyse the development of a cultural landscape with a large system of scattered settlements. Unlike most other scattered settlements inhabited by immigrants, the Hrušov scattered settlement was colonised by original local people. Analysis at this locality shows that they occur more frequently on less dissected plains despite their greater distance from the centre. The morphology of the terrain also determines the shape and character of the road network in these settlements, and their presence for long distances along roads influences the number and character of morphological barriers that must be overcome.
The impact of a dispersed settlement on the changes of the land cover (LC) and landscape diversity (LDI) in the years 1950, 1986 and 2016 was analyzed on four spatially different levels: on the level ...of the whole cadastral area, 60 circular areas – hinterlands of hamlets, 15 circular areas in agricultural land outside hamlets and areas outside circular areas. The primary hypothesis that the landscape with a dispersed settlement is internally differentiated in terms of LC and LDI changes and that a dispersed settlement itself is an important driving force of these changes has been confirmed.
The transformation of vineyard landscapes is evaluated in this article by assessing the changes in land cover and landscape diversity in selected study areas in two time periods – from 1867 to 1949, ...and from then to 2016. The study areas are characterised by a long history of viticulture and with important occurrences of old and new agrarian relief forms. Fine-scale land cover and landscape diversity analysis, as well as the study of historical and strategic documents, enabled an accurate interpretation of the viticultural landscape trajectories and their drivers. Landscape diversity was computed using the Shannon diversity index for each 625 square metre grid unit, and applying other metrics for the entire study area. Our research established that the study areas oscillated during this period between extensification and agricultural intensification, and the general trend confirmed the disappearance of traditional vineyards and a decline in modernised vineyard areas after socialism. Although extensification and intensification are seemingly contradictory processes, it is established that these both increase landscape diversity. In addition, landscape diversity changes in the second period are influenced more by changes in quantitative landscape pattern characteristics via edge density than qualitative patterns, e.g. patch richness, which reflect land use diversity.
The aim of this paper is to analyse changes of dispersed settlements in rural cultural landscape in municipality Hrušov (in the Krupinská planina plateau, Central Slovakia) with special focus on the ...development strategies applied in an effort to escape marginality. The area outside the core of the village is the unique dispersed settlement system with some specificities in rural development which are typical for marginal regions of Slovakia with such a type of settlement. The study deals with the development trends of the rural cultural landscape in the years 1950, 1986 and 2016 in the context of landscape changes in Slovakia. Attention is paid to marginality of the studied area, paradoxes and possibilities of its development and to the monitoring of the dispersed settlement developments in the light of local, regional, national and international documents. Diversified activities accomplished by the municipal authority, important local leaders and amenity migrants can serve as worth to follow example of how to restore care for a cultural landscape with dispersed settlements and how to eliminate the negative phenomena associated with the marginality status.
The characteristics both of urban and rural cultural landscapes were studied on the example of the NE sector of Bratislava Functional Urban Region (TUR), consisting of 18 municipalities with ...population of about 85,000. The aim of the paper is to assess three main domains demographic changes, quality of life and environmental quality - in order to specify differences between the rural and urban cultural landscapes and classification of the area according to the urban/rural characteristics. The resulting distribution of urban/rural areas even with some deviations confirmed the general trend of an increasing rural character of the area with the increasing distance from Bratislava.
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