The photoperiod is a major environmental factor in flowering control. Water spinach flowering under the inductive short-day condition decreases the yield of vegetative tissues and the eating quality. ...To obtain an insight into the molecular mechanism of the photoperiod-dependent regulation of the flowering time in water spinach, we performed transcriptome sequencing on water spinach under long- and short-day conditions with eight time points. Our results indicated that there were 6615 circadian-rhythm-related genes under the long-day condition and 8691 under the short-day condition. The three key circadian-rhythm genes,
,
, and
, still maintained single copies and similar
,
, and
feedback expression patterns, indicating the conservation of reverse feedback. In the photoperiod pathway, highly conserved
genes were amplified into two copies (
and
) in water spinach. The significant difference in the expression of the two genes indicates functional diversity. Although the photoperiod core gene
was duplicated to three copies in water spinach, only
was highly expressed and strongly responsive to the photoperiod and circadian rhythms, and the almost complete inhibition of
in water spinach may be the reason why water spinach does not bloom, no matter how long it lasts under the long-day condition. Differing from other species (
,
) of the
genus that have three
members, water spinach lacks one of them, and the other two
genes (
and
) encode only one CCT domain. In addition, through weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), some transcription factors closely related to the photoperiod pathway were obtained. This work provides valuable data for further in-depth analyses of the molecular regulation of the flowering time in water spinach and the
genus.
This study examines how renewable and non-renewable energy generation interacts with both to affect the ecological footprint in China during 1990–2019 by using FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR estimation ...techniques and ARDL simulation models to assess the impact of industrialization and urbanization on environmental sustainability based on the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis model framework. Firstly, the findings verify the applicability and validity of the EKC hypothesis in China. Secondly, renewable energy generation, industrialization, and urbanization facilitate the reduction of ecological footprint and the improvement of environmental quality in the long run, while non-renewable energy generation increases the ecological footprint and leads to the intensification of ecological pollution. However, the short-term estimates give evidence that industrialization, urbanization, and renewable and non-renewable energy generation can all increase the ecological footprint, which is not conducive to ecological sustainability. Thus, from the perspective of ecological sustainability in China, our findings are important in that they provide clear directions for ecological policy formulation, and we also provide some targeted policy recommendations for them to promote sustainable development as a goal.
Light is the key factor affecting the synthesis of anthocyanins in pepper. In this study, pepper fruit under different light days was used as experimental material to explore the synthesis of ...anthocyanins in purple pepper. A total of 38 flavonoid metabolites were identified in the purple pepper germplasm HNUCA21 by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), of which 30 belong to anthocyanins. The detected anthocyanin with the highest content was Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (17.13 µg/g), which reached the maximum after 168 h of light treatment. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the brown module was identified to be related to the early synthesis of anthocyanins. This module contains many structural genes related to flavonoid synthesis, including chalcone synthase (CHS 107871256, 107864266), chalcone isomerase (CHI 107871144, 107852750), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR 107860031), flavonoid 3′ 5′-hydroxylase (F3’5’H 107848667), flavonoid 3′-monooxygenase (F3M 107862334), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX 107866341), and trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (TCM 107875406, 107875407). The module also contained some genes related to anthocyanin transport function, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST 107861273), anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UDPGT 107861697, 107843659), and MATE (107863234, 107844661), as well as some transcription factors, such as EGL1 (107865400), basic helix-loop-helix 104 (bHLH104 107864591), and WRKY44 (107843538, 107843524). The co-expression regulatory network indicated the involvement of CHS, DFR, CHI, and EGL1, as well as two MATE and two WRKY44 genes in anthocyanin synthesis. The identified genes involved in early, middle, and late light response provided a reference for the further analysis of the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper.
Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is a rare disease, the definite diagnosis of which is sometimes difficult and mainly relies on endomyocardial biopsy. Primary cardiac T-cell lymphoma (PCTL) is an ...extremely rare sub-type of PCL. Here, we report on a 47-year-old female with PCTL who presented with fever, syncope, palpitations, and a third-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) on electrocardiogram. Chemotherapy was administered with two courses of methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, liposomal doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone (MTX-CHOP). As the tumor vanished, AVB changed from third degree to second degree and finally to sinus rhythm. In conclusion, endomyocardial biopsy is valuable in the diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma. It is worth noting that alterations in the electrocardiogram may indicate an attack on the heart by PCTL.
Fruit color is one of the most critical characteristics of pepper. In this study, pepper (Capsicum baccatum L.) fruits with four trans-coloring periods were used as experimental materials to explore ...the color conversion mechanism of pepper fruit. By transcriptome and metabolome analysis, we identified a total of 307 flavonoid metabolites, 68 carotenoid metabolites, 29 DEGs associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, and 30 DEGs related to carotenoid biosynthesis. Through WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) analysis, positively correlated modules with flavonoids and carotenoids were identified, and hub genes associated with flavonoid and carotenoid synthesis and transport were anticipated. We identified Pinobanksin, Naringenin Chalcone, and Naringenin as key metabolites in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway catalyzed by the key genes chalcone synthase (CHS CQW23_29123, CQW23_29380, CQW23_12748), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H CQW23_16085, CQW23_16084), cytochrome P450 (CYP450 CQW23_19845, CQW23_24900). In addition, phytoene synthase (PSY CQW23_09483), phytoene dehydrogenase (PDS CQW23_11317), zeta-carotene desaturase (ZDS CQW23_19986), lycopene beta cyclase (LYC CQW23_09027), zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP CQW23_05387), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED CQW23_17736), capsanthin/capsorubin synthase (CCS CQW23_30321) are key genes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing the synthesis of key metabolites such as Phytoene, Lycopene, β-carotene and ε-carotene. We also found that transcription factor families such as p450 and NBARC could play important roles in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and carotenoids in pepper fruits. These results provide new insights into the interaction mechanisms of genes and metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and carotenoids in pepper fruit leading to color changes in pepper fruit.
Immunotherapy with CD19-targeting bispecific T-cell engagers (CD19BiTEs) has demonstrated highly effective killing of cancer cells in patients with precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and ...non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. However, there are some drawbacks to this therapy, such as toxicity, short half-life in the serum, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that could limit the use of CD19BiTEs in the clinic. Here, we generate an oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) encoding a CD19-specific BiTE (OVV-CD19BiTE). We demonstrate that OVV-CD19BiTE's ability to replicate and induce oncolysis was similar to that of its parental counterpart. Supernatants from OVV-CD19BiTE-infected cells could induce activation and proliferation of human T cells, and the bystander effect of the virus was also demonstrated. In vivo study showed that OVV-CD19BiTE selectively replicated within tumor tissue, and contributed to a more significantly increased percentage of CD3, CD8, and naïve CD8 T subpopulations within tumors in contrast to blinatumomab. More importantly, treatment with OVV-CD19BiTE both in vitro and in vivo resulted in potent antitumor activity in comparison with control OVV or blinatumomab, a first-in-class BiTE, thereby resulting in long-term tumor remissions without relapse. The study provides strong evidence for the therapeutic benefits of CD19-targeting BiTE expression by OVV, and suggests the feasibility of testing the approach in clinical trials.
Global climate change is profoundly affecting human survival and development and is a major challenge facing the international community today. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of ...renewable energy consumption and green innovation on CO2 emission reduction in E7 countries within the framework of macroeconomic indicators, and whether they can contribute to achieving carbon neutrality targets. To achieve the purpose of the study, firstly, the fully modified OLS, dynamic OLS, classical cointegration regression, Bayer-Hanck cointegration, and ARDL bounds test are employed in this study. The existence of a long-term cointegration or long-term linkage is confirmed by empirical evidence. Secondly, the empirical outcomes of FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR reveal that a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption and financial innovation reduces the CO2 emissions by 0.357% (0.301%), 0.428% (0.336%), and 0.348% (0.306%), while a 1% rise in economic growth and inflation raises the CO2 emissions by 0.881% (0.015%), 0.946% (0.043%), and 0.875 (0.022%), respectively. Similarly, the results of ARDL demonstrate that renewable energy consumption and financial innovation contribute to the improvement of environmental quality, while economic growth and inflation exacerbate the deterioration of environmental quality. However, green innovation has no apparent impact on environmental sustainability. Finally, in the short term, the paths of renewable energy consumption and economic growth on environmental sustainability under macroeconomic conditions are almost identical to those in the long term, while green innovation significantly improves the environmental quality of economic development in E7 countries. To sum up, to achieve sustainable economic and environmental development in the context of carbon neutrality, policy makers in developing countries should fully consider the role of renewable energy and green innovation, and actively strive to promote green and low-carbon energy development, to make new contributions to global environmental governance.Global climate change is profoundly affecting human survival and development and is a major challenge facing the international community today. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of renewable energy consumption and green innovation on CO2 emission reduction in E7 countries within the framework of macroeconomic indicators, and whether they can contribute to achieving carbon neutrality targets. To achieve the purpose of the study, firstly, the fully modified OLS, dynamic OLS, classical cointegration regression, Bayer-Hanck cointegration, and ARDL bounds test are employed in this study. The existence of a long-term cointegration or long-term linkage is confirmed by empirical evidence. Secondly, the empirical outcomes of FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR reveal that a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption and financial innovation reduces the CO2 emissions by 0.357% (0.301%), 0.428% (0.336%), and 0.348% (0.306%), while a 1% rise in economic growth and inflation raises the CO2 emissions by 0.881% (0.015%), 0.946% (0.043%), and 0.875 (0.022%), respectively. Similarly, the results of ARDL demonstrate that renewable energy consumption and financial innovation contribute to the improvement of environmental quality, while economic growth and inflation exacerbate the deterioration of environmental quality. However, green innovation has no apparent impact on environmental sustainability. Finally, in the short term, the paths of renewable energy consumption and economic growth on environmental sustainability under macroeconomic conditions are almost identical to those in the long term, while green innovation significantly improves the environmental quality of economic development in E7 countries. To sum up, to achieve sustainable economic and environmental development in the context of carbon neutrality, policy makers in developing countries should fully consider the role of renewable energy and green innovation, and actively strive to promote green and low-carbon energy development, to make new contributions to global environmental governance.
Heavy metal contamination is one of the current serious environmental and agricultural soil issues, and it is mainly due to anthropogenic activities. Vanadium (V) is found in low concentrations in a ...wide range of plants and is widely distributed in soils. The current study aimed to determine how pepper seedlings responded to various V concentrations, as well as the detrimental effects of V on growth, root morphological traits, photosynthetic performance, reactive oxygen species (ROS), osmolytes production, antioxidant enzyme activities, and V uptake. Pepper seedlings (5 weeks old) were grown in hydroponic culture with six V levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg L−1 NH4VO3). After two weeks of V treatment, low level of V (10, 20 mg L−1) enhanced the growth status, conversely higher V (30, 40, and 50 mg L−1) level reduced the growth. The leaf gas exchange elements, pigments molecules, and root growth characteristics are also affected by higher V concentrations. Moreover, V uptake was higher in roots than in the shoot of pepper seedlings. Similarly, osmolytes content, ROS production, and antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly improved under V stress. Concluding, lower V (10, 20 mg L−1) concentration positively affected pepper growth, and higher V (30, 40, and 50 mg L−1) concentration had a detrimental effect on pepper physiological and biochemical mechanisms.
College students have a high prevalence of nomophobia. However, research on the effects of emotion regulation and resilience on nomophobia in China is lacking. This research investigated how ...cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies directly and indirectly affect nomophobia through resilience. Therefore, from March to May 2023, 756 university student volunteers (21.4 % men) were selected from a university in northeastern China for a questionnaire survey. Our findings suggest that college students' resilience has a masking effect on the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and nomophobia and can attenuate the negative effect of the frequency of using cognitive reappraisal strategies on nomophobia. The frequency of expressive suppression strategies directly and positively affected nomophobia. Early psychological interventions targeting resilience might be potentially effective in alleviating nomophobia among college students.
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