Visible-light-induced decarboxylative and deboronative reactions using two-molecule organic photoredox catalysts, namely, phenanthrene (Phen) and biphenyl (BP), as electron donors and ...9-cyano-10-methoxycarbonylanthracene 1a as an electron acceptor were achieved. The high solubility of 1a significantly improved the reaction efficiency and product yield. In addition, the facile tuning of the oxidation potential of the electron-donor molecule via the replacement of Phen with BP enabled the application of the two-molecule photoredox system to a wide range of substrates.
Visible‐light‐induced decarboxylative and deboronative radical addition of aliphatic carboxylic acids and arylboronic acid pinacol esters to electron‐deficient alkenes using two‐molecule organic ...photoredox catalysts, such as dibenzog,pchrysene as an electron donor and 1,4‐dicyanobenzene as an electron acceptor, proceeded efficiently to furnish radical adducts via the generation of alkyl and aryl radicals. The base and substrate play important roles in this photochemical system, and the sequential photoinduced decarboxylation of glutamic acid having two different carboxy groups was successful.
Visible‐light‐induced decarboxylative and deboronative radical addition of aliphatic carboxylic acids and arylboronic acid pinacol esters to electron‐deficient alkenes using two‐molecule organic photoredox catalysts, such as dibenzog,pchrysene and 1,4‐dicyanobenzene, proceeded efficiently to furnish radical adducts via the generation of alkyl and aryl radicals.
The photoreaction of an N-Boc secondary amine and N-Boc N-methyl α-amino acid ester with acrylonitrile using inexpensive two-molecule photoredox catalysts results in the production of α-alkylated ...amine through the generation of an α-carbamy radical under mild conditions. In particular, this mothed leads to a regioselective modification of N-Boc N-methyl α-amino acid ester with the retention of α-chirality through the generation of the less stable primary α-carbamyl radical.
The photoinduced regioselective HAT reactions of acetals, ethers, and alcohols using benzoic acids in a two‐molecule photoredox system led to the formation of new C–C bonds with alkenes under mild ...conditions. Aryl carboxy radicals generated from benzoic acids in a two‐molecule photoredox system can function as catalytic HAT reagents, even though an excess amount of a hydrogen donor substrate is required. Various acetals, ethers, alcohols, and alkenes can be employed in the photoreaction to provide both high yields of adducts and high recoveries of benzoic acids.
We propose a relay AP movement control method for ad-hoc networks where the APs constitute a mobile infrastructure that responds to hotspot position changes under movement constraints. The proposed ...method moves the relay AP to an optimal position while considering the constraints of movable position. We consider a virtual spring to the spring model to apply the movement constraints. The proposed method uses a spring model after placing virtual terminals and APs at positions symmetrical to the axis of the movement of the relay AP. We evaluated the proposed method assuming a mesh network with terminals along roads. To clarify the impact of the road widths, we varied the road width and the amount of terminal traffic from the initial placement for our evaluation. This is because the effect of road width cannot be ignored due to the short transmission distance of IEEE802.11. The position of terminal movement in the spring model highly depends on the overflow conditions of the communication link. The evaluation results showed that the throughput degradation from the optimum position is reduced by 24% compared to the extended conventional method, which moves the terminal freely and then moves it within the movement constraint when the road width is 23 m. Compared to the optimal position, the proposed method degraded the throughput by about 8% and achieved near-optimal relay AP movement control.
Double difunctionalization of a vinyl ether tethered hydroxy or carbamoyl group with electron-deficient alkenes such as acrylonitrile or acrylic esters was achieved by visible-light irradiation in a ...two-molecule photoredox system. Use of anhydrous acetonitrile solution as a solvent promoted both dimerization of the radical cation of electron-rich alkene with electron-rich alkene and intramolecular nucleophilic addition to generate an electron-rich radical that was added to electron-deficient alkene to furnish the double difunctionalized product. A variety of electronically differentiated rich and deficient alkenes were used in the photoreaction; a simple construction of a complex carbon framework containing acetal from simple alkenes was successful under mild conditions.
Graphical abstract
Visible‐light‐induced decarboxylative and deboronative radical addition of aliphatic carboxylic acids and arylboronic acid pinacol esters to electron‐deficient alkenes using two‐molecule organic ...photoredox catalysts, such as dibenzog,pchrysene as an electron donor and 1,4‐dicyanobenzene as an electron acceptor, proceeded efficiently to furnish radical adducts via the generation of alkyl and aryl radicals. The base and substrate play important roles in this photochemical system, and the sequential photoinduced decarboxylation of glutamic acid having two different carboxy groups was successful.
The blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is comprised of brain capillary endothelial cells, plays a pivotal role in the transport of drugs from the blood to the brain. Therefore, an analysis of proteins ...in the endothelial cells, such as transporters and tight junction proteins, which contribute to BBB function, is important for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of brain diseases. However, gene transfection into the vascular endothelial cells of the BBB is fraught with difficulties, even in vitro. We report herein on the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), in which mRNA is encapsulated in a nano-sized capsule composed of a pH-activated and reductive environment-responsive lipid-like material (ssPalm). We evaluated the efficiency of mRNA delivery into non-polarized human brain capillary endothelial cells, hCMEC/D3 cells. The ssPalm LNPs permitted marker genes (GFP) to be transferred into nearly 100% of the cells, with low toxicity in higher concentration. A proteomic analysis indicated that the ssPalm-LNP had less effect on global cell signaling pathways than a Lipofectamine MessengerMAX/GFP-encoding mRNA complex (LFN), a commercially available transfection reagent, even at higher mRNA concentrations.
CE14 (L), hydrolized cold human placenta, contains various amino acids. As the action of L, lipotropic function, accelerating activity on tissue respiration, action promoted hepatic regeneration, and ...others were already reported by the experimental studies. The present study was to know whether or not L was an effective drug for the treatment of chronic liver diseases. The patients were divided in two groups at random in double blind method. Saline solution was used as placebo. In group 1, the injection of L was performed for two weeks. After that the placebo was used for two weeks, and the study was repeated once more. Group 2 received the injection of placebo at first. For the next two weeks they were injected L. After that the process was done once more the same as group 1. The liver function tests were examined every two weeks, and their levels before and after two weeks were compared. GOT and GPT in both groups decreased in the period of the administration of L and it was statistically significant. In contrast, no significant decreases of GOT and GPT were obtained in the placebo period of both groups. Consequently, it is suggested that L is effective in patients with chronic liver diseases.
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