Objectives:
The Australian government recently rescheduled psilocybin and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine for limited clinical uses. This change has raised various regulatory concerns and ...challenges for the field of psychedelic-assisted therapy. To provide clarity, we aimed to comprehensively catalogue the matters relating to psychedelic-assisted therapy that are or could be regulated.
Methods:
We conducted a desktop review of the literature and current regulatory sources, semi-structured interviews with professionals who had expertise in fields relating to psychedelic-assisted therapy and a framework analysis to generate a taxonomy of relevant regulatory matters. In relation to each matter, we further identified what type of regulation (if any) currently applies to that matter, any uncertainty as to how the matter should be addressed in clinical practice in the context of current regulation and whether there are conflicting views as to how the matter could or should be further regulated.
Results:
The taxonomy is structured into six main regulatory domains, three of which have a substantial proportion of matters with uncertainty or conflicting views: Service Establishment, Practitioner, and Treatment Delivery. Key examples of such matters include the location of services and facilities required, which professionals are eligible to become psychedelic therapists, and with what qualifications and experience. Matters in the remaining three domains, Patient Evaluation, Drug Supply and Service Oversight, appear by comparison relatively settled, with regulation either well-established or thought unnecessary.
Conclusions:
The taxonomy provides a roadmap for health services establishing and implementing a psychedelic-assisted therapy program, or for government and other policymakers when determining areas that may require further regulation.
BACKGROUND: Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) addresses the challenge of meeting the growing demand for food, fibre and fuel, despite the changing climate and fewer opportunities for agricultural ...expansion on additional lands. CSA focuses on contributing to economic development, poverty reduction and food security; maintaining and enhancing the productivity and resilience of natural and agricultural ecosystem functions, thus building natural capital; and reducing trade-offs involved in meeting these goals. Current gaps in knowledge, work within CSA, and agendas for interdisciplinary research and science-based actions identified at the 2013 Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture (Davis, CA, USA) are described here within three themes: (1) farm and food systems, (2) landscape and regional issues and (3) institutional and policy aspects. The first two themes comprise crop physiology and genetics, mitigation and adaptation for livestock and agriculture, barriers to adoption of CSA practices, climate risk management and energy and biofuels (theme 1); and modelling adaptation and uncertainty, achieving multifunctionality, food and fishery systems, forest biodiversity and ecosystem services, rural migration from climate change and metrics (theme 2). Theme 3 comprises designing research that bridges disciplines, integrating stakeholder input to directly link science, action and governance. OUTCOMES: In addition to interdisciplinary research among these themes, imperatives include developing (1) models that include adaptation and transformation at either the farm or landscape level; (2) capacity approaches to examine multifunctional solutions for agronomic, ecological and socioeconomic challenges; (3) scenarios that are validated by direct evidence and metrics to support behaviours that foster resilience and natural capital; (4) reductions in the risk that can present formidable barriers for farmers during adoption of new technology and practices; and (5) an understanding of how climate affects the rural labour force, land tenure and cultural integrity, and thus the stability of food production. Effective work in CSA will involve stakeholders, address governance issues, examine uncertainties, incorporate social benefits with technological change, and establish climate finance within a green development framework. Here, the socioecological approach is intended to reduce development controversies associated with CSA and to identify technologies, policies and approaches leading to sustainable food production and consumption patterns in a changing climate.
A PC-based training program (Road Awareness and Perception Training or RAPT; Pradhan et al., 2009), proven effective for improving young novice drivers’ hazard anticipation skills, did not fully ...maximize the hazard anticipation performance of young drivers despite the use of similar anticipation scenarios in both, the training and the evaluation drives. The current driving simulator experiment examined the additive effects of expert eye movement videos following RAPT training on young drivers’ hazard anticipation performance compared to video-only and RAPT-only conditions. The study employed a between-subject design in which 36 young participants (aged 18–21) were equally and randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions, were outfitted with an eye tracker and drove four unique scenarios on a driving simulator to evaluate the effect of treatment on their anticipation skills. The results indicate that the young participants that viewed the videos of expert eye movements following the completion of RAPT showed significant improvements in their hazard anticipation ability (85%) on the subsequent experimental evaluation drives compared to those young drivers who were only exposed to either the RAPT training (61%) or the Video (43%). The results further imply that videos of expert eye movements shown immediately after RAPT training may improve the drivers’ anticipation skills by helping them map and integrate the spatial and tactical knowledge gained in a training program within dynamic driving environments involving latent hazards.
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) and its domain fragments were used to map nucleic acid binding sites within the enzyme. Discrete domain fragments were produced ...after the digestion of three forms of RT (p66, p66/p51 heterodimer, and p51) with V8 protease or trypsin, and the primary structure of each domain fragment was mapped by both immunoblotting and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. These domain fragments represent N-terminal, middle, or C-terminal regions of RT. Using Northwestern or Southwestern blotting assays, the domain fragments were evaluated for nucleic acid binding. In this technique, RT proteins are electroblotted onto the membrane and renatured after SDS-PAGE; the proteins are then probed with the primer analogues 32P-labeled d(T)16 or 32P-labeled tRNA(Lys,3). A V8 protease domain fragment spanning residues 195 to approximately 300 (p12), which was found earlier to be UV cross-linked to the primer in intact RT Sobol et al. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 10623-10631, showed binding to both nucleic acid probes. We first localized nucleic acid binding in p66 to an N-terminal domain fragment of residues 1 approximately equal to 300. By contrast, a C-terminal domain fragment termed p30(303 approximately equal to 560) did not show nucleic acid binding. To investigate the role of the region just N-terminal to residue 303, an expression vector named pRC-35 encoding residues 273-560 was constructed.
Remarks of Signers of the Williamsburg Charter Hooks, Benjamin L.; Hatfield, Mark O.; Dugan, Robert P. ...
The Journal of law and religion,
01/1990, Letnik:
8, Številka:
1/2
Journal Article
Remarks of Signers Hooks, Benjamin L.; Hatfield, Mark O.; Dugan, Robert P. ...
The Journal of law and religion,
1990, Letnik:
8, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Down through the years the Constitution has not always included all Americans — especially Blacks and women. No such charges have been leveled against the Religious Liberty clauses, though there have ...been occasions when their protections have been overridden or imperfectly applied. To remind us — as the Framers knew well — that “nothing human can be perfect,” we hear remarks from a distinguished Baptist pastor, an accomplished lawyer, and an eminent civil rights leader, Dr. Benjamin Hooks.
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