Ageing-associated functional decline of organs and increased risk for age-related chronic pathologies is driven in part by the accumulation of senescent cells, which develop the senescence-associated ...secretory phenotype (SASP). Here we show that procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a polyphenolic component of grape seed extract (GSE), increases the healthspan and lifespan of mice through its action on senescent cells. By screening a library of natural products, we find that GSE, and PCC1 as one of its active components, have specific effects on senescent cells. At low concentrations, PCC1 appears to inhibit SASP formation, whereas it selectively kills senescent cells at higher concentrations, possibly by promoting production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. In rodent models, PCC1 depletes senescent cells in a treatment-damaged tumour microenvironment and enhances therapeutic efficacy when co-administered with chemotherapy. Intermittent administration of PCC1 to either irradiated, senescent cell-implanted or naturally aged old mice alleviates physical dysfunction and prolongs survival. We identify PCC1 as a natural senotherapeutic agent with in vivo activity and high potential for further development as a clinical intervention to delay, alleviate or prevent age-related pathologies.
Cancer is a complex disease composing systemic alterations in multiple scales. In this study, we develop the Tumor Multi-Omics pre-trained Network (TMO-Net) that integrates multi-omics pan-cancer ...datasets for model pre-training, facilitating cross-omics interactions and enabling joint representation learning and incomplete omics inference. This model enhances multi-omics sample representation and empowers various downstream oncology tasks with incomplete multi-omics datasets. By employing interpretable learning, we characterize the contributions of distinct omics features to clinical outcomes. The TMO-Net model serves as a versatile framework for cross-modal multi-omics learning in oncology, paving the way for tumor omics-specific foundation models.
Milk thistle is one of the most popular ingredients in the liver protection products market. Silymarin is the main component of milk thistle and contains multiple isomers. There have been few studies ...focusing on the compositional ratios of silymarin isomers. In this study, we developed an HPLC method for the separation and quantification of silymarin isomers, thereby elucidating their compositional ratios. Through the analysis of more than 40 milk thistle extract products on the market, we found that the ratios, specifically Ratio 1 (the silybin B content to the silybin A content, SBNB/SBNA) and Ratio 2 (the sum of the contents of silybin B and isosilybin B to the sum of the contents of silybin A and isosilybin A, (SBNB + IBNB)/(SBNA + IBNA)), are highly consistent across milk thistle extracts, averaging approximately 1.58 and 1.28, respectively. Furthermore, such ratios were verified in milk thistle seed samples. This study introduces significant findings concerning the stable ratios among silymarin isomers in milk thistle extracts and seeds, thereby offering an innovative approach for quality assurance of milk thistle extracts.
To explore the association between magnesium levels and the odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
In this cross-sectional study of 1006 participants (≥55 years) from China, whole-blood magnesium ...concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. MCI was diagnosed according to Petersen criteria using self-reported cognitive decline and a neuropsychological test battery, including the trail-making test-part B (TMT-B), auditory verbal learning test (AVLT), digit symbol substitution test (DSST), and verbal fluency test (VFT), which measured the assessment of executive, memory, attention, and language functioning, respectively. A logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between magnesium levels and MCI, and linear regression analyses were performed for the association between magnesium and cognitive function score.
The MCI group had a significantly lower concentration of magnesium compared to the Non-MCI group (34.7 ± 9.8 vs. 36.7 ± 9.7,
= 0.017). After adjusting for covariates, a negative association was observed between magnesium levels and MCI. Compared with the lowest quartile (median: 25.4 mg/L), the odds ratio for MCI was 0.53 (95%CI 0.32-0.90) for the highest quartile (median: 48.4 mg/L), and there was an inverse dose-response relationship (
for trend = 0.009). In addition, higher levels of magnesium were positively correlated with VFT scores (β = 0.37, 95%CI = 0.11-0.62) and DSST scores (β = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.01~0.98) and negatively correlated with TMT scores (β = -1.73, 95%CI = -3.40--0.07) in the middle-aged and older adults.
Whole-blood magnesium was inversely associated with the occurrence of MCI and positively associated with performance in neuropsychological tests assessing attention, executive, and language ability in middle-aged and older adults.
Previous studies have found that obese people have lower levels of vitamin B, but most have focused on obesity as defined by body mass index (BMI), and its relationship with other types of obesity is ...unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between vitamin B levels and obesity assessed by different definitions among Chinese middle-aged and older community-dwelling adults.
This cross-sectional study included 887 participants aged 45 years and older (45-82 years). The concentrations of vitamin B (B
, B
, B
, and B
) were measured by robotic dry blood spot extraction systems in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. BMI, body fat percentage (BF%), visceral fat area (VFA), and waist circumference (WC) were used to diagnose obesity. VFA and BF% were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The logistic regression model was used to assess the associations between vitamin B levels and the odds of obesity.
The average age of all participants was 60.77 (SD 6.33) years. The prevalence of obesity varied from 8.6% to 52.4% depending on different diagnostic criteria. After adjusting for covariates, a negative correlation was observed between vitamin B
level and obesity according to the criteria of WC, VFA, and BF%, and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.47, 0.52, and 0.46, respectively. When using WC and BF% to define obesity, higher quartiles of vitamin B
were negatively associated with the odds of obesity (OR: 0.62 and 0.62, respectively). Vitamin B
was inversely associated with VFA-defined and BF%-defined obesity (OR: 0.64 and 0.64, respectively). When using VFA and BF% to define obesity, a negative correlation was observed in vitamin B
(OR: 0.61 and 0.67, respectively).
Vitamin B (B
, B
, B
, and B
) level was negatively related to obesity (defined by WC, VFA, or BF%) in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most critical global health concerns, with a fast-growing prevalence. The incidence of diabetic vascular complications is also rapidly increasing, exacerbating the ...burden on individuals with diabetes and the consumption of public medical resources. Despite the overall improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic microvascular complications in recent years, safe and effective alternative or adjunctive therapies are urgently needed. The mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications are complex, with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation being the leading causes. Therefore, glycemic control, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation are considered the main targets for the treatment of diabetes and its vascular comorbidities.
L. (Ericaceae) is a genus of plants enriched with polyphenolic compounds in their leaves and fruits.
and its extracts have demonstrated good bioactivity in reducing blood glucose, oxidative stress, and inflammation, making them excellent candidates for the management of diabetes and diabetic vascular complications. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical studies on the potential effect of
on ameliorating diabetes and diabetic complications, particularly diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy.
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•Fruitflow decreased the platelet aggregation rate ex vivo.•Fruitflow reduced the plasma TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1α and PF4 level in subjects.•Fruitflow and aspirin didn’t exert synergistic ...effect on platelet aggregation.•Fruitflow supplementation for 7 days did not change coagulation.
To investigate the effect of fruitflow, a water-soluble tomato extract, on platelet function in participants.
190 participants were completed this clinical trial. The participants were randomly divided into four groups: placebo, fruitflow, aspirin, and fruitflow + aspirin. These groups received the respective supplements for 7 days.
Fruitflow intervention for 7 days decreased platelet aggregation ratio by 7.7% and 10.2% in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and collagen-stimulated platelets, respectively. Aspirin decreased platelet aggregation ratio by 9.4% and 39% in ADP- and collagen-stimulated platelets, respectively. The combination of fruitflow and aspirin did not exert synergistic inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Fruitflow also significantly reduced plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α), and platelet factor 4 (PF4) levels.
Fruitflow intervention decreased platelet aggregation rate, this suggests that fruitflow is a functional food for reducing platelet activity.
Increasing evidence indicated that probiotics can be effective in improving behaviors similar to depression and anxiety disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, as is the effects ...of single vs. combined probiotics on depression and anxiety. This study aimed to determine whether combined probiotics could attenuate depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and its potential mechanisms. Rats underwent CUMS treatment and then administered
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
HN001 (HN001) or
Bifidobacterium animalis
subsp.
lactis
HN019 (HN019), alone or in combination. Levels of neurotransmitters, inflammatory factors, and the gut microbiota were measured. HN001 and (or) HN019 treatment improved depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior in rats, including increased moving distance and exploratory behavior (
p
< 0.05). In addition, altered gut microbiota structure induced by CUMS was amended by HN001 and/or HN019 (
p
< 0.05). HN001 and/or HN019 intervention also remarkably normalized levels of 5-HT, DA, NE, HVA, DOPAC, HIAA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β in CUMS rats (
p
< 0.05). Furthermore, the effects of combined probiotics on decreasing inflammation and improved gut microbiota (Chao1 index and ACE index,
p
< 0.05) were superior to the single probiotics. Moreover, spearman analysis showed a certain correlation between the different microbiota, such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobias, Proteobacterias and Actinobacterias, and inflammation and neurotransmitters. These findings suggested that CUMS induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors can be alleviated by the combination of probiotics, which was possibly associated with the alterations in the gut microbiota composition and increased neurotransmitters and decreased inflammatory factors.
•A total of 689 metabolites were identified in the grains of three quinoa varieties.•102 flavonoids and 97 phenolic acids were identified in quinoa grains.•Most differential metabolites were ...significantly more abundant in colored quinoa grains than in white grains.•Flavonoids and phenolic acids could act as co-pigments of betanin in quinoa grains.
Quinoa grains are gaining increasing popularity owing to their high nutritional merits. However, only limited information is available on the metabolic profiles of quinoa grains. In this study, we determined the metabolic profiles of black, red, and white quinoa grains via an ultraperformance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS)-based metabolomics. A total of 689 metabolites were identified, among which 251, 182, and 317 metabolites displayed different accumulation patterns in the three comparison groups (Black vs Red, Black vs White, and Red vs White), respectively. In particular, flavonoid and phenolic acid contents displayed considerable differences, with 22 flavonoids, 5 phenolic acids, and 1 betacyanin being differentially accumulated among the three quinoa cultivars. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that flavonoids and phenolic acids could act as betanin co-pigments in quinoa grains. In conclusion, this study provides comprehensive insights into the adequate utilization and development of novel quinoa-based functional foods.
Flower color is an ideal trait for studying the molecular basis for phenotypic variations in natural populations of species.
(Berberidaceae) species exhibit a wide range of flower colors resulting ...from the varied accumulation of anthocyanins and other pigments in their spur-like petals and petaloid sepals.
In this work, the anthocyanidins of eight different
species with different floral pigmentation phenotypes were analyzed using HPLC. Twelve genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were cloned and sequenced, and their expression was quantified.
The expression levels of the catalytic enzyme genes DFR and ANS were significantly decreased in four species showing loss of floral pigmentation. Complementation of EsF3'H and EsDFR in corresponding
mutants together with overexpression of EsF3'5'H in wild type
analysis revealed that these genes were functional at the protein level, based on the accumulation of anthocyanin pigments.
These results strongly suggest that transcriptional regulatory changes determine the loss of anthocyanins to be convergent in the floral tissue of
species.
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