With the rise and development of deep learning, computer vision has been tremendously transformed and reshaped. As an important research area in computer vision, scene text detection and recognition ...has been inevitably influenced by this wave of revolution, consequentially entering the era of deep learning. In recent years, the community has witnessed substantial advancements in mindset, methodology and performance. This survey is aimed at summarizing and analyzing the major changes and significant progresses of scene text detection and recognition in the deep learning era. Through this article, we devote to: (1) introduce new insights and ideas; (2) highlight recent techniques and benchmarks; (3) look ahead into future trends. Specifically, we will emphasize the dramatic differences brought by deep learning and remaining grand challenges. We expect that this review paper would serve as a reference book for researchers in this field. Related resources are also collected in our Github repository (
https://github.com/Jyouhou/SceneTextPapers
).
Abstract
In the wake of the 2014 judicial reforms, are Chinese judges in most circumstances free in their decision-making? Based primarily on interviews with judges, this article argues that although ...a truncated hierarchy has led to increased judicial autonomy, the state maintains its tight grip over judges. In its new form, the state’s control is more indirect, external, ex post, diffused, and ideological. It allows the state to closely monitor judges’ entire handling of cases (hence the designation “panoptic”). It has some similarities with, yet fundamentally differs from, existing patterns in authoritarian states. While judges’ accountability continues to be largely a bureaucratic matter, this Chinese form of control has nonetheless been effective at a time of soaring caseloads, a slimmed-down judiciary, and increasing insistence on legitimacy. This article seeks to deepen understanding of developments in Chinese courts and, more widely, judicial politics in authoritarian states.
This study attempts to document the nexus between weather, COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan and the Chinese economy. We used daily average temperature (hourly data), daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19 ...in Wuhan, and RMB (Chinese currency) exchange rate to represent the weather, COVID-19 outbreak and the Chinese economy, respectively. The methodology of Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC), Partial Wavelet Coherence (PWC) and Multiple Wavelet Coherence (MWC) is employed to analyze the daily data collected from 21st January 2020 to 31st March 2020. The results have revealed a significant coherence between the series at different time-frequency combinations. The overall results suggest the insignificance of an increase in temperature to contain or slow down the new COVID-19 infections. The RMB exchange rate and the COVID-19 showed an out phase coherence at specific time-frequency spots suggesting a negative but limited impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan on the Chinese export economy. Our results are contrary to many earlier studies which suggest a significant role of temperature in slowing down the COVID-19 spread. These results can have important policy implications for the containment of COVID-19 spread and macro-economic management with respect to changes in the weather.
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•We have examined the covariance nexus between temperature, COVID-19 and exchange rate in Wuhan City, China.•Novel methods of Wavelet Transform Coherence, Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence are employed for analysis.•Temperature played no role in the containment of COVID-19 in Wuhan.•COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan had a negative but limited impact on RMB exchange rate against USD during our observation period.
Recently, a great many deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods have been proposed for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. Although the proposed CNN-based methods have the ...advantages of spatial feature extraction, they are difficult to handle the sequential data with and CNNs are not good at modeling the long-range dependencies. However, the spectra of HSI are a kind of sequential data, and HSI usually contains hundreds of bands. Therefore, it is difficult for CNNs to handle HSI processing well. On the other hand, the Transformer model, which is based on an attention mechanism, has proved its advantages in processing sequential data. To address the issue of capturing relationships of sequential spectra in HSI in a long distance, in this study, Transformer is investigated for HSI classification. Specifically, in this study, a new classification framework titled spatial-spectral Transformer (SST) is proposed for HSI classification. In the proposed SST, a well-designed CNN is used to extract the spatial features, and a modified Transformer (a Transformer with dense connection, i.e., DenseTransformer) is proposed to capture sequential spectra relationships, and multilayer perceptron is used to finish the final classification task. Furthermore, dynamic feature augmentation, which aims to alleviate the overfitting problem and therefore generalize the model well, is proposed and added to the SST (SST-FA). In addition, to address the issue of limited training samples in HSI classification, transfer learning is combined with SST, and another classification framework titled transferring-SST (T-SST) is proposed. At last, to mitigate the overfitting problem and improve the classification accuracy, label smoothing is introduced for the T-SST-based classification framework (T-SST-L). The proposed SST, SST-FA, T-SST, and T-SST-L are tested on three widely used hyperspectral datasets. The obtained results reveal that the proposed models provide competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art methods, which shows that the concept of Transformer opens a new window for HSI classification.
Backscattering suppression in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is one of the central issues to reduce energy loss and signal distortion, enabling for capability improvement of modern information processing ...systems. Valley physics provides an intriguing way for robust information transfer and unidirectional coupling in topological nanophotonics. Here we realize topological transport in a SOI valley photonic crystal slab. Localized Berry curvature near zone corners guarantees the existence of valley-dependent edge states below light cone, maintaining in-plane robustness and light confinement simultaneously. Topologically robust transport at telecommunication is observed along two sharp-bend interfaces in subwavelength scale, showing flat-top high transmission of ~10% bandwidth. Topological photonic routing is achieved in a bearded-stack interface, due to unidirectional excitation of valley-chirality-locked edge state from the phase vortex of a nanoscale microdisk. These findings show the prototype of robustly integrated devices, and open a new door towards the observation of non-trivial states even in non-Hermitian systems.
With the rapid growth of new-energy batteries and metallurgical industry, water pollution caused by toxic heavy-metals from these sectors has increased to a new level, which is seriously threating ...the eco-system and human health. Thus, the effective disposal of metal-bearing water has become a vital requirement. To resolve such a problem, developing eco-friendly biochar-based adsorbents has become urgent. As an eco-friendly material, biochar has attracted increasingly attention due to its low-cost, high surface area and abundant functional groups. However, pristine biochar also shows low adsorption efficiency for heavy-metals. Consequently, improving its adsorption efficiency via modification is considered as one of most effective techniques. In the last 15 years, various methods were proposed to modify biochar. However, review articles on the usage of modified-biochars for heavy-metals adsorption are unavailable. To summarize these newly-developed modification methods including organic-modified, nonmetal-modified, metal-modified, metal/organic-modified, and metal/mineral-modified, this review will focus on the preparation, characterizations and applications of modified-biochar adsorbents (MBAs) for heavy-metals. More emphasis will be on the adsorption of MBAs for heavy-metals in a single-metal, mixed multi-metal, and mixed metal/organic matter solution systems. Meanwhile, the adsorption mechanism of MBAs for Cr(VI), Cd (II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) will be highlighted. It is found that the adsorption mechanism of MBAs in different mixed multi-metal solution systems is complicated and competitive adsorption is inevitable. Typically, the effect of functional groups from MBAs on heavy-metals adsorption is diverse, more studies are required in the future. Finally, the present state and future perspective will be discussed.
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•Modified-biochar for heavy-metals adsorption in various systems was reviewed.•Competition among heavy-metals in mixed multi-metal system is a key process.•Functional groups on MBAs surface play a key role in heavy-metals adsorption.•Biochar modification is a vital way to rise its sorption ability for heavy-metals.•Adsorption mechanism of MBAs for heavy-metals in mixed solution system is diverse.
Statins: a repurposed drug to fight cancer Jiang, Wen; Hu, Jin-Wei; He, Xu-Ran ...
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research,
07/2021, Letnik:
40, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
As competitive HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, statins not only reduce cholesterol and improve cardiovascular risk, but also exhibit pleiotropic effects that are independent of their ...lipid-lowering effects. Among them, the anti-cancer properties of statins have attracted much attention and indicated the potential of statins as repurposed drugs for the treatment of cancer. A large number of clinical and epidemiological studies have described the anticancer properties of statins, but the evidence for anticancer effectiveness of statins is inconsistent. It may be that certain molecular subtypes of cancer are more vulnerable to statin therapy than others. Whether statins have clinical anticancer effects is still an active area of research. Statins appear to enhance the efficacy and address the shortcomings associated with conventional cancer treatments, suggesting that statins should be considered in the context of combined therapies for cancer. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the potential of statins in anti-cancer treatments. We discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer properties of statins and their effects on different malignancies. We also provide recommendations for the design of future well-designed clinical trials of the anti-cancer efficacy of statins.
AIM To investigate whether gut microbiota metabolite sodium butyrate(Na B)is an effective substance for attenuating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and the internal mechanisms.METHODS Male ...C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups,normal control were fed standard chow and model group were fed a high-fat diet(HFD)for 16 wk,the intervention group were fed HFD for 16 wk and treated with Na B for 8 wk.Gut microbiota from each group were detected at baseline and at 16 wk,liver histology were evaluated and gastrointestinal barrier indicator such as zonula occluden-1(ZO-1)were detected by immunohistochemistry and realtime-PCR,further serum or liver endotoxin were determined by ELISA and inflammation-or metabolism-associated genes were quantified by real-time PCR.RESULTS Na B corrected the HFD-induced gut microbiota imbalance in mice,while it considerably elevated the abundances of the beneficial bacteria Christensenellaceae,Blautia and Lactobacil us.These bacteria can produce butyric acid in what seems like a virtuous circle.And butyrate restored HFD induced intestinal mucosa damage,increased the expression of ZO-1 in small intestine,further decreased the levels of gut endotoxin in serum and liver compared with HF group.Endotoxin-associated genes such as TLR4 and Myd88,pro-inflammation genes such as MCP-1,TNF-α,IL-1,IL-2,IL-6 and IFN-γin liver or epididymal fat were obviously downregulated after Na B intervention.Liver inflammation and fat accumulation were ameliorated,the levels of TG and cholesterol in liver were decreased after Na B intervention,NAS score was significantly decreased,metabolic indices such as FBG and HOMA-IR and liver function indicators ALT and AST were improved compared with HF group.CONCLUSION Na B may restore the dysbiosis of gut microbiota to attenuate steatohepatitis,which is suggested to be a potential gut microbiota modulator and therapeutic substance for NAFLD.
This paper proposes a new model with a two-factor stochastic equilibrium volatility level that can be used to price variance and volatility swaps with nonlinear payoff. The adopted model uses the CIR ...process as the volatility process with the constant equilibrium level replaced with a stochastic one, and at the same time incorporates the regime switching mechanics in order to better describe the underlying price. To better understand how the introduced regime switching impacts both swap prices, we also conduct numerical experiments to compare our results with those obtained without regime switching.
•We propose a new stochastic volatility model with two-factor equilibrium volatility level.•We introduce economic cycles by incorporating regime switching.•We analytically evaluate variance and volatility swaps.
ABSTRACT
Adenosine triphosphate‐dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are important for the regulation of transcription, DNA replication, and genome stability in eukaryotes. Although genetic ...studies have illustrated various biological functions of core and accessory subunits of chromatin‐remodeling complexes in plants, the identification and characterization of chromatin‐remodeling complexes in plants is lagging behind that in yeast and animals. Recent studies determined whether and how the Arabidopsis SWI/SNF, ISWI, INO80, SWR1, and CHD chromatin remodelers function in multi‐subunit complexes in Arabidopsis. Both conserved and plant‐specific subunits of chromatin‐remodeling complexes have been identified and characterized. These findings provide a basis for further studies of the molecular mechanisms by which the chromatin‐remodeling complexes function in plants.
This review summarizes recent advances in the identification and characterization of conserved and plant‐specific subunits of the chromatin remodeling complexes in Arabidopsis and focuses on the plantspecific properties of the Arabidopsis chromatin remodeling complexes.
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