O artigo buscou compreender a percepção de servidores públicos de uma instituição federal de ensino superior acerca do trabalho realizado em colaboração com a prefeitura municipal, na atuação ...assistencial durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa que realizou entrevistas com 15 profissionais. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se Análise de Conteúdo, apoiada pelo software Iramuteq, e deles emergiram duas categorias temáticas: “Sentimento em relação ao deslocamento momentâneo da função” e “Compreensão sobre postura institucional para que as atividades acontecessem”, cada uma com suas subcategorias. O estudo aponta que, mesmo com fatores de proteção e motivação para o trabalho realizado, os momentos críticos que envolveram a saúde pública causaram danos emocionais nos profissionais que atuaram nessas circunstâncias e a busca por apoio psicológico deve ser sempre encorajada e disponibilizada em caso de necessidade.
This study sought to understand the perceptions of civil servants working in a federal higher education institution about working in collaboration with the city council in the development of care activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. We conducted a qualitative study based on interviews with 15 professionals. The data were analyzed using content analysis and the software Iramuteq. Two core thematic categories emerged from the analysis, each with their subcategories: feelings regarding the temporary displacement of the function; and understanding of institutional posture towards activities. The findings show that, despite protective factors and motivation for the work undertaken, critical moments involving public health caused emotional damage to the professionals and that seeking help for mental health problems should always be encouraged and support should be on hand as and when needed.
El artículo buscó comprender la percepción de servidores públicos de una institución federal de enseñanza superior sobre el trabajo realizado en colaboración con la municipalidad, en la actuación asistencial durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Investigación con abordaje cualitativo y entrevista a 15 profesionales. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido apoyado por el Software Iramuteq y de ellos surgieron dos categorías temáticas: Sentimiento con relación al desplazamiento momentáneo de la función y Comprensión sobre la postura institucional para que las actividades sucedieran, cada una con sus subcategorías. El estudio señala que incluso con factores de protección y motivación para el trabajo realizado, los momentos críticos que envolvieron la salud pública causaron daños emocionales en los profesionales que actuaron y la búsqueda de apoyo psicológico siempre debe incentivarse y ponerse a disposición en caso de necesidad.
Objective: to analyze scientific evidence regarding the relationship between the type of birth and the microbiota acquired by newborns. Method: this integrative review addresses the role of the type ...of delivery on newborns’ microbial colonization. A search was conducted in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases using the descriptors provided by Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Health Science Descriptors (DeCS). Results: infants born vaginally presented a greater concentration of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus in the first days of life and more significant microbial variability in the following weeks. The microbiome of infants born via C-section is similar to the maternal skin and the hospital setting and less diverse, mainly composed of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Clostridium. Conclusion: the maternal vaginal microbiota provides newborns with a greater variety of colonizing microorganisms responsible for boosting and preparing the immune system. Vaginal birth is the ideal birth route, and C-sections should only be performed when there are medical indications.
Objetivo: analizar las evidencias científicas existentes en la literatura sobre la relación de la vía de nacimiento con la microbiota adquirida por el recién nacido. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora sobre la influencia de la vía de nacimiento en la colonización de la microbiota en el recién nacido. Fue realizada una búsqueda en la literatura en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, teniendo como estrategia de búsqueda la selección de artículos basados en los descriptores desarrollados en el Medical Subject Headings (términos MeSH) o Descriptores en Ciencia de la Salud (DeCS). Resultados: los recién nacidos por vía vaginal presentan, en los primeros días de vida, mayor concentración de Bacteroides, Bifidobacterias y Lactobacillus; y, con el pasar de las semanas muestran mayor variabilidad de la microbiota. Los recién nacidos por cesárea presentan microbioma semejante a la piel materna y al ambiente hospitalario, poseyendo menor diversidad y siendo principalmente constituida de Staphylococcus, Streptococcus y Clostridium. Conclusión: la microbiota vaginal materna proporciona al neonato una mayor variedad de microorganismos colonizadores que son responsables por auxiliar en la capacitación y mejor adecuación de su sistema inmunológico. Se evidencia que el parto vaginal es la vía ideal y que la cesárea debe ser realizada apenas cuando existen indicaciones reales.
Objective: analisar as evidências científicas existentes na literatura sobre a relação da via de nascimento com a microbiota adquirida pelo recém-nascido. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa sobre a influência da via de nascimento na colonização microbiótica no recém-nascido. Foi realizada uma busca na literatura por meio das bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/ PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, tendo como estratégia de busca a seleção de artigos baseados nos descritores desenvolvidos com Medical Subject Headings (termos MeSH) ou Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS). Resultados: os recém-nascidos por via vaginal apresentam nos primeiros dias de vida maior concentração de Bacteroides, Bifidobacterias e Lactobacillus e, com o passar das semanas, mostram maior variabilidade microbiótica. Os recém-nascidos por cesárea apresentam microbioma semelhante ao da pele materna e do ambiente hospitalar e possuem menor diversidade, sendo, principalmente, constituído de Staphylococcus, Streptococcus e Clostridium. Conclusão: a microbiota vaginal materna dispõe de uma maior variedade de microrganismos colonizadores, os quais são responsáveis por auxiliar na capacitação e melhor adequação ao sistema imunológico do recém-nato. Evidencia-se que o parto vaginal é a via ideal, ou seja, a cesariana deve ser realizada apenas quando existem indicações reais.
Since the onset of the pandemic, COVID-19 has affected the entire world population, however, data on child morbidity and mortality are scarce. This study aimed to analyze the profile of ...hospitalizations and factors associated with the deaths of Brazilian children and adolescents with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused by COVID-19.
This cross-sectional study uses public domain data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance System in 2021. The prevalence rates, lethality, and duration of hospitalization of children and adolescents with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused by COVID-19 were analyzed. Logistic regression and adjusted Odds Ratio were used. A p < 0.05 was considered significant.
The prevalence of hospitalization among children and adolescents was 3.6%, and the case lethality rate was 4.0%. Higher lethality rates occurred among adolescents, natives, rural residents, those living in Brazil's northern and northeastern regions, and those who became critically ill and had comorbidities. Hospitalization time was longer for adolescents who became critically ill or had comorbidities. The highest chance of death was associated with: children under one year of age and adolescents, natives, and residents from the North, Northeast, and Southeast regions, who became critically ill and had comorbidities.
Despite lower hospitalization and death rates than adults, the prevalence, complications, and mortality from COVID-19 in the pediatric population are relevant. Knowledge of the profile of children and adolescents hospitalized due to COVID-19 and the factors associated with these deaths allows the guidance of response efforts directed to assist this vulnerable population.
Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a completude das notificações de casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) durante a pandemia ...de COVID-19, na base de dados nacional e na base da Unidade Regional de Saúde do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2020. Métodos: Estudo descritivo da completude das variáveis sociodemográficas e das relativas à etiologia, condição clínica, evolução e critérios diagnósticos do SIVEP-Gripe. O nível de completude foi classificado como excelente (> 95%), bom (90% a 95%), regular (80% a 90%), ruim (50% a 80%) ou muito ruim (< 50%). Resultados: O percentual de variáveis com completude excelente foi de apenas 18,1% na base de dados nacional, e de 27,8% na base de dados regional. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se baixa completude de ambas as bases de dados do SIVEP-Gripe, tornando-se necessários aperfeiçoamentos no processo de trabalho e capacitações rotineiras dos profissionais para o correto preenchimento.
Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la completitud de las notificaciones de casos de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo del Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en la base de datos nacional y en una base de datos regional de salud en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, en 2020. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de la completitud de las variables sociodemográficas y las relacionadas con la etiología, cuadro clínico, evolución y criterios diagnósticos del SIVEP-Gripe. El nivel de completitud se clasificó como excelente (> 95%), bueno (90% a 95%), regular (80% a 90%), malo a (50% a 80%) y muy malo (< 50%). Resultados: El porcentaje de variables con excelente completitud fue solo del 18,1% en la base de datos nacional y del 27,8% en la base de datos regional. Conclusión: Se evidenció la baja completitud de ambas bases de datos SIVEP-Gripe, lo que hace necesario mejorar el proceso de trabajo y la rutina de capacitación de los profesionales.
Abstract Objective: To analyze the completeness of notifications of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases on the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) during the COVID-19 pandemic, on the national database and on the Regional Health Center database of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2020. Methods: This was a descriptive study of the completeness of sociodemographic variables and those related to etiology, clinical condition, evolution and diagnostic criteria of SIVEP-Gripe. The level of completeness was classified as excellent (> 95%), good (90% to 95%), regular (80% to 90%), poor (50% to 80%) or very poor (< 50%). Results: The percentage of variables with excellent completeness was only 18.1% on the national database, and 27.8% on the regional database. Conclusion: Both SIVEP-Gripe databases presented low completeness, making it necessary to improve the work process and routine training of professionals aimed at the correct filling.
Em 2020, a Universidade Federal de Viçosa e a Gestão Municipal implementaram o projeto de extensão Telessaúde Covid para o enfrentamento da pandemia. O objetivo é fazer uma análise descritiva dos ...quatorze meses de atuação do projeto. Realizou-se análise descritiva da caracterização sociodemográfica, clínico-epidemiológica e indicadores do serviço. Foram atendidos 6.898 pacientes, predominando o gênero feminino e adultos jovens. Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes foram cefaleia, tosse, coriza, dor de garganta, dor muscular e febre. O RT-PCR foi o teste realizado pela maioria e 31,6% dos pacientes foram positivos. O serviço concluiu o encerramento de 91,5% dos atendimentos. O Telessaúde Covid foi relevante para o contingenciamento da Covid-19, com número expressivo de atendimentos, e contemplou a missão social da universidade pública, transformando o modelo assistencial e reorientando o processo de formação e ação profissional de estudantes e profissionais de saúde.
Resumo OBJETIVO Identificar os fatores associados à autoaplicação de insulina em adultos com Diabetes Mellitus. MÉTODO Estudo transversal desenvolvido no município de Viçosa-MG, que avaliou 142 ...pacientes. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre abril e julho de 2013 mediante entrevista no domicílio do participante. Regressão logística múltipla foi utilizada. RESULTADO A prevalência de autoaplicação de insulina foi de 67,6%, apresentando associação com idade entre 57 e 68 anos (OR = 0,3; IC95%: 0,1 - 0,9), conviver com companheiro e filhos (OR = 2,5; IC95%: 1,1 - 5,0), ter 9 anos ou mais de estudo (OR = 8,4; IC95%: 1,9 - 37,9), morar em área não coberta pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) (OR = 2,8; IC95%: 1,1 - 7,0). CONCLUSÃO Autoaplicação de insulina mostrou-se associada à idade, escolaridade, situação conjugal e cobertura da ESF. O reconhecimento desses fatores pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para adesão à autoaplicação de insulina.
To analyze adherence to the recommended iron, zinc and multivitamin supplementation guidelines for preemies, the factors associated with this adherence, and the influence of adherence on the ...occurrence of anemia and iron, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies.
This prospective cohort study followed 58 preemies born in 2014 until they reached six months corrected age. The preemies were followed at a referral secondary health service and represented 63.7% of the preterm infants born that year. Outcomes of interest included high or low adherence to iron, zinc and multivitamin supplementation guidelines; prevalence of anemia; and prevalences of iron, zinc, and vitamin A deficiencies. The prevalence ratios were calculated by Poisson regression.
Thirty-eight (65.5%) preemies presented high adherence to micronutrient supplementation guidelines. At six months of corrected age, no preemie had vitamin A deficiency. The prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency and zinc deficiency were higher in the low-adherence group but also concerning in the high-adherence group. Preemies with low adherence to micronutrient supplementation guidelines were 2.5 times more likely to develop anemia and 3.1 times more likely to develop zinc deficiency. Low maternal education level increased the likelihood of nonadherence to all three supplements by 2.2 times.
Low maternal education level was independently associated with low adherence to iron, zinc and vitamin A supplementation guidelines in preemies, which impacted the prevalences of anemia and iron and zinc deficiencies at six months of corrected age.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with cognitive, social, and academic impairment. Neurotrophins, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic ...factor (BDNF), have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD and response to stimulant treatment. This review aims to investigate the relationship between BDNF levels in ADHD before and after treatment with stimulants in childhood.
This systematic review followed PRISMA-P guidelines and included 19 studies from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Capes Periodic, and Lilacs databases. The studies were evaluated for risk of bias and level of evidence.
There was no significant difference in peripheral BDNF levels in ADHD children before or after methylphenidate treatment. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in BDNF levels between children with ADHD and controls.
Understanding the role of BDNF in ADHD may provide insight into the disorder's pathophysiology and facilitate the development of biological markers for clinical use.
Our findings suggest that BDNF levels are not significantly affected by methylphenidate treatment in ADHD children and do not differ from controls.
“Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in children and adolescents before and after stimulant use: a systematic review”. Number CRD42021261519.
•Methylphenidate does not alter serum BDNF levels in ADHD children.•Serum BDNF levels do not differ in children with ADHD and neurotypical children.•These findings do not confirm a role of BDNF as a biomarker of ADHD.•Different methodologies might be needed to properly answer this question.
Resumo Com o intuito de fortalecer as políticas públicas de saúde voltadas para a temática do aleitamento materno, os Bancos de Leite Humano (BLH) têm cumprido importante papel assistencial junto às ...puérperas e nutrizes, no sentido de promover, proteger e apoiar esta prática. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática para identificar as atividades dos BLH que demonstrem seu papel na promoção da saúde materno infantil. A pesquisa foi realizada nos portais de pesquisa PubMed e na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, sendo as buscas realizadas também pelo portal da Rede Brasileira de Bancos de Leite Humano. Após as buscas com os descritores foram incluídos 11 artigos. Os temas abordados foram sobre o perfil das doadoras de leite humano; a importância das informações recebidas dos profissionais do BLH para manutenção do aleitamento materno durante a internação de prematuros e; o ganho de peso em bebês prematuros que receberam leite humano; o apoio ao aleitamento materno por meio das ações do BLH e fatores que levaram à doação de leite humano. As ações desenvolvidas pelos BLH repercutem positivamente na promoção da saúde materno infantil, representando uma estratégia importante de promoção ao aleitamento e de apoio a amamentação dos bebês que não podem mamar diretamente no peito.
Abstract Aimed at strengthening breastfeeding policies, human milk banks (HMBs) play an important role in promoting, protecting and supporting this practice. The objective of this study was to undertake a systematic review to identify activities developed by HMBs that demonstrate their role in promoting maternal and infant health. Searches for relevant articles were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), and BVS Breastfeeding linked to the portal of the Brazilian Human Milk Bank Network. Eleven articles were included in the final sample. The main topics covered by the articles were: the characteristics of breast milk donors; the importance of information provided by HMB professionals on maintaining breastfeeding for hospitalized premature infants; weight gain in premature babies fed on donated milk; HMB breastfeeding support actions; and factors influencing human milk donation. The actions developed by HMBs have a positive impact on the promotion of maternal and infant health, representing an important strategy for promoting breastfeeding and supporting the feeding of babies who are not able to feed directly at the breast.
Hospitalizations occur electively in cases with no imminent risk to life or in cases of urgency and emergency, which demand immediate medical assistance. In a Health Region, these hospitalizations ...are conducted in reference hospitals. This study aimed to analyse hospital admissions in the Eastern South Region of Minas Gerais, by comparing the number of urgency and emergency admissions with elective procedures admissions and with the number of urgency admissions with sensitive to primary care conditions (CSAP). This longitudinal-retrospective-descriptive study was conducted with Hospital Information System (SIH) data relative to the 2014-2018 interval. Altogether, there were registered 129,524 hospitalizations, with 17,546 (13.55%) being elective admissions and 111,978 (86.45%) urgency procedures. Of the urgency hospitalizations total, 20,108 (17.95%) were CASP hospitalizations. The frequency of urgency hospitalization was six times higher than the elective hospitalization one, and even SPCC emergency admissions exceeded the elective hospitalizations offer.
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