This Review presents a discussion of the conformation of biphenyl derivatives in different chemical environments. The interplay between aromatic stabilization and steric repulsion, normally ...considered to explain the conformation of the molecule, is contrasted with the interpretation provided by models not based on molecular orbitals. The electronic control of conformation by means of appropriate hydrogen substitution is discussed by examples taken from chemistry and molecular electronics. Supramolecular synthons involving biphenyl are critically analyzed in terms of the molecular conformation, crystal packing and intermolecular forces. Some directions for future research on the control of the conformation of biphenyls are also presented.
Conformational control: This Review article highlights the importance of the conformational changes of biphenyl and its derivatives in chemistry, molecular junctions, and supramolecular crystals. The most relevant models that have been employed to scrutinize the inter and intramolecular forces driving these changes are discussed, with emphasis on molecular orbital theory and those belonging to the field of quantum chemical topology.
After the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become evident that efficient and secure interoperability of medical information is crucial for effective diagnoses and medical treatments. ...However, a significant challenge arises concerning the heterogeneity of the systems storing patient information in medical centers or hospitals. Memory management becomes a pivotal element for the effective operation of the proposed API, as it must seamlessly execute across various devices, ranging from healthcare units, such as mobile phones, to servers in cloud computing. This proposal addresses these issues through techniques designed to enhance the performance of the software architecture in creating a medical interoperability API. This API has the capacity to be cloned and distributed to facilitate the exchange of data related to a patient’s medical history. To tackle heterogeneity, efficient memory management was implemented by utilizing an object-oriented approach and leveraging design patterns like abstract factory and wrapper. Regarding the evaluation of the proposal, this study showed an estimated performance of 94.5 percent, which was indirectly demonstrated through the assessment of operation sequences. This result suggests a satisfactory level based on complexity and coupling.
Background
The usefulness of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in staging cutaneous melanoma has been proven. Therefore, different tracers have been used to identify the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). ...The use of isotopic tracers together with radioactivity detectors allowed a much more precise and direct approach to the SLNs. However, not all centres have access to a Nuclear Medicine department hindering sentinel lymph node detection (SLND) and consequently, other markers such as ferromagnetic tracers have been evaluated looking for the same advantages and effectiveness as isotopic tracers. Ferromagnetic tracers have proven their usefulness in other cancer entities such as breast, prostate and thyroid cancer. The objective was to assess the detection and concordance rates between isotopic and ferromagnetic techniques for SLNB in cutaneous melanoma.
Method
Isotopic SLNB technique and ferromagnetic tracer were compared for cutaneous melanoma in a non‐inferiority multicentre prospective study carried out in six Spanish hospitals.
Results
A total of 60 patients were recruited and 133 lymph nodes removed. The detection rate was slightly higher with ferromagnetic tracer in head‐neck and trunk melanomas, and with isotopic tracer in limbs. The patients' and nodes' concordance rates between both techniques for ex vivo samples were 95% and 86% for head‐neck and trunk tumours and 97% and 93% for limbs tumours, respectively. The concordance rates for involved nodes were 100% and 88.2% for patients and nodes, respectively.
Conclusion
The intraoperative detection and biopsy of SLN in cutaneous melanoma using a ferromagnetic was a reliable alternative method to the isotopic technique in cutaneous melanomas.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) comprises approximately 10% of all lung cancer cases. Tobacco is its main risk factor; however, occupation might play a role in this specific lung cancer subtype. The ...effect of occupation on SCLC risk has been hardly studied and therefore we aim to assess the role of occupation on the risk of SCLC. To do this, we designed a multicentric, hospital-based, case-control study. Cases consisted exclusively in SCLC patients and controls were recruited from patients having minor surgery at the participating hospitals. Face to face interviews emphasizing occupation and tobacco consumption were held and residential radon was also measured. Logistic regression models were adjusted with odds ratios with 95%CI as estimations of the effect. 423 cases and 905 controls were included. Smoking prevalence was higher in cases compared to controls. Those who worked in known-risk occupations for lung cancer showed an OR of 2.17 (95%CI 1.33; 3.52), with a similar risk when men were analysed separately. The results were adjusted by age, sex, smoking and indoor radon exposure. Those who worked in known-risk occupations and were moderate or heavy smokers had a SCLC risk of 12.19 (95%CI 5.68-26.38) compared with never or moderate smokers who had not worked in such occupations. Occupation is a relevant risk factor of SCLC, and it seems that its effect is boosted when tobacco smoking is present.
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of acute (a single injection) and chronic (21 consecutive days) treatments with chrysin 2, 4, and 8 μmol kg
on anxiety-like behavior and Fos ...immunoreactivity in the lateral septum nucleus (LSN), a structure that is involved in the regulation of anxiety, in male Wistar rats. These effects were compared with the clinically effective anxiolytic diazepam 7 μmol kg
. The results showed that acute, but not chronic treatment, with 4 μmol kg
chrysin exerted anxiolytic- and anti- depressant-like effects with these effects being similar to that of diazepam. Also, none of the above-mentioned treatments did alter Fos immunoreactivity in the LSN, but a tendency towards the reduction of this variable was detected with chrysin 4 μmol kg
and diazepam 7 μmol kg
. Altogether, results suggest that chrysin exerts anxiolytic-like effects, however, it can produce pharmacological tolerance after repeated use, similar to benzodiazepines.
La política turística implementa sus acciones a través de un conjunto de instrumentos cuya configuración y ejecución son esenciales en la acción del gobierno, convirtiéndose en un indicador ...fundamental para evaluar su enfoque y efectos. En lo que respecta a la renovación de los destinos turísticos, la política turística de Canarias ha diseñado los Planes de Modernización, Mejora e Incremento de la Competitividad entre sus instrumentos más importantes, concentrando en ellos un significativo conjunto de medidas. En este contexto, el presente trabajo se centra en cómo se ha configurado y ejecutado este instrumento, tomando como caso de estudio el plan implementado en Puerto de la Cruz. El análisis se desarrolla sobre las acciones de renovación del espacio público y privado, llevando a cabo un proceso metodológico basado en el análisis de contenido y entrevistas no estructuradas con actores clave.
Acanthocephalans, intestinal parasites of vertebrates, are characterised by orders of magnitude higher metal accumulation than free-living organisms, but the mechanism of such effective metal ...accumulation is still unknown. The aim of our study was to gain new insights into the high-resolution localization of elements in the bodies of acanthocephalans, thus taking an initial step towards elucidating metal uptake and accumulation in organisms under real environmental conditions. For the first time, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) was used for high-resolution mapping of 12 elements (C, Ca, Cu, Fe, N, Na, O, P, Pb, S, Se, and Tl) in three selected body parts (trunk spines, inner part of the proboscis receptacle and inner surface of the tegument) of Dentitruncus truttae, a parasite of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from the Krka River in Croatia. In addition, the same body parts were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with NanoSIMS images. Metal concentrations determined using HR ICP-MS confirmed higher accumulation in D. truttae than in the fish intestine. The chemical composition of the acanthocephalan body showed the highest density of C, Ca, N, Na, O, S, as important and constitutive elements in living cells in all studied structures, while Fe was predominant among trace elements. In general, higher element density was found in trunk spines and tegument, as body structures responsible for substance absorption in parasites. The results obtained with NanoSIMS and TEM-NanoSIMS correlative imaging represent pilot data for mapping of elements at nanoscale resolution in the ultrastructure of various body parts of acanthocephalans and generally provide a contribution for further application of this technique in all parasite species.
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•First data on element bioimaging in acanthocephalans, parasites of vertebrate hosts•Ultrastructure of three body parts of acanthocephalan D. truttae examined by TEM•The predominance of constitutive elements C, N, O and S confirmed by NanoSIMS•Essential elements Ca, Na and Fe most abundant in all analysed structures•Higher element density in trunk spines and tegument than in proboscis receptacle
In this work, 6-phosphogluconic trisodium salt (6-PG–Na+) is introduced as a new aqueous and nontoxic cross-linking agent to obtain ionic hydrogels. Here, it is shown the formation of hydrogels based ...on chitosan cross-linked with 6-PG–Na+. This formulation is obtained by ionic interaction of cationic groups of polymer with anionic groups of the cross-linker. These hydrogels are nontoxic, do not cause dermal irritation, are easy to extend, and have an adequate adhesion force to be applied as polymeric film over the skin. This formulation exhibits a first order release kinetic and can be applied as drug vehicle for topical administration or as wound dressing for wound healing. The primary goal of this communication is to report the identification and utility of 6-phosphogluconic trisodium salt (6-PG–Na+) as a nontoxic cross-linker applicable for cationic polymers.
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