A
bstract
Dark matter is a well-established theoretical addition to the Standard Model supported by many observations in modern astrophysics and cosmology. In this context, the existence of weakly ...interacting massive particles represents an appealing solution to the observed thermal relic in the Universe. Indeed, a large experimental campaign is ongoing for the detection of such particles in the sub-GeV mass range. Adopting the benchmark scenario for light dark matter particles produced in the decay of a dark photon, with
α
D
= 0
.
1 and
m
A
′
= 3
m
χ
, we study the potential of the SHiP experiment to detect such elusive particles through its Scattering and Neutrino detector (SND). In its 5-years run, corresponding to 2
·
10
20
protons on target from the CERN SPS, we find that SHiP will improve the current limits in the mass range for the dark matter from about 1 MeV to 300 MeV. In particular, we show that SHiP will probe the thermal target for Majorana candidates in most of this mass window and even reach the Pseudo-Dirac thermal relic.
The SHiP-charm project was proposed to measure the associated charm production induced by 400 GeV/c protons in a thick target, including the contribution from cascade production. An optimisation run ...was performed in July 2018 at CERN SPS using a hybrid setup. The high resolution of nuclear emulsions acting as vertex detector was complemented by electronic detectors for kinematic measurements and muon identification. Here we present first results on the analysis of nuclear emulsions exposed in the 2018 run, which prove the capability of reconstructing proton interaction vertices in a harsh environment, where the signal is largely dominated by secondary particles produced in hadronic and electromagnetic showers within the lead target.
Social interactions are hardly possible without trust. Medical and in particular surgical actions can change the lives of people directly and indirectly existentially. Thus, the relationship between ...doctor and patient is a special form of social interaction, and will be hard to find anywhere else. The nature of the doctor-patient relationship also determines the success of a treatment. The core and the importance of trust, as a central part of this relationship, will be reconstructed in the present paper. The increasing possibilities of information acquisition in modern societies, and the ever-present need for transparency, impact more and more on the doctor-patient relationship. At first glance, concepts of trust seem to be of secondary importance. The current developments regarding the remuneration of services in the medical system likewise bear the risk to increasingly determine the importance of trust in the doctor-patient relationship. However, it is necessary to delineate reliability from trust. Due to the conditions which are constitutive for the operational disciplines, a climate of trust, even in a modern information society, is more necessary than ever.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze horse-related accidents caused by hoof kicks.
DESIGN:Prospective study to evaluate hoof kick-related accidents.
SETTING:Multicenter study, including 9 trauma centers in Hamburg, ...Germany.
PATIENTS:Patients who were treated as the result of a hoof kick between January 1, 2010, and May 1, 2010, were included in the study.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Horse and rider qualifications, ridersʼ use of protective equipment, location and activity at time of accident, mechanism of injury, injuries sustained, and treatment required for these injuries.
RESULTS:Twenty-four equestrians received hoof kicks. The average age was 22.6 years (range, 7-34 years). All accidents (100%) occurred while the equestrians were handing or grooming the horse. Two riders (8.3%) wore a helmet at time of accident. Sixteen riders (66.7%) suffered orbital, midface, or mandible fractures; 8 riders (33.3%) had injuries on other parts of the body.
CONCLUSIONS:Hoof kick injuries account for a significant proportion of equine injuries and occur when riders are dismounted, most frequently when grooming without wearing protective equipment. Head and facial injuries occur most frequently and suggest that mandatory helmet and facial grill use should be considered during all horse-related activities.
The SHiP experiment is proposed to search for very weakly interacting particles beyond the Standard Model which are produced in a 400 GeV/c proton beam dump at the CERN SPS. About
10
11
muons per ...spill will be produced in the dump. To design the experiment such that the muon-induced background is minimized, a precise knowledge of the muon spectrum is required. To validate the muon flux generated by our Pythia and GEANT4 based Monte Carlo simulation (FairShip), we have measured the muon flux emanating from a SHiP-like target at the SPS. This target, consisting of 13 interaction lengths of slabs of molybdenum and tungsten, followed by a 2.4 m iron hadron absorber was placed in the H4 400 GeV/c proton beam line. To identify muons and to measure the momentum spectrum, a spectrometer instrumented with drift tubes and a muon tagger were used. During a 3-week period a dataset for analysis corresponding to
(
3.27
±
0.07
)
×
10
11
protons on target was recorded. This amounts to approximatively 1% of a SHiP spill.
Experimental and numerical study of short pulse effects in FELs Khodyachykh, S.; Brunken, M.; Genz, H. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
09/2004, Letnik:
530, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We report the experimental and numerical investigations of the influence of short pulse effects occurring in FELs in different operational regimes for electron bunch lengths which are of the order of ...the slippage distance. Several observables such as the small signal gain, the macropulse power and the spectral distribution of the FEL radiation were determined experimentally within the constraints of the stable focus regime at the infrared FEL at the S-DALINAC and for the limit cycle regime at the Dutch near infrared FEL FELIX. The experimental findings were compared to predictions of numerical simulations based on the 1D time dependent code FEL1D-OSC. The agreement between experiment and simulation is good. Furthermore, the simulations reveal a chaotic behavior of the macropulses for specific values of the slippage as well as period-doubling, two effects that are predicted to show up in the spectral distribution.
Einleitung:
Im Rahmen der NOTES-angeregten Diskussion sind zahlreiche verschiedene Modifikationen der laparoskopischen Cholecystektomie vorgestellt worden. Über umbilikale und suprapubische Zugänge ...lässt sich in der hier vorgestellten Technik die laparoskopische Cholecystektomie mit Standard-Instrumentarium durchführen.
Methode:
Dem Prinzip der verborgenen angelegten Schnitte (HiLA: Hidden laparoscopic access) folgend führen wir die laparoskopische Cholecystektomie über einen umbilikalen und 2 bis 3 suprapubisch angelegte Zugänge aus.
Ergebnis:
Das Video zeigt das Vorgehen mit Standard 30°-Optik und-Instrumentarium sowie mögliche Probleme des Vorgehens.
Schlussfolgerungen:
Das vorgestellte Verfahren ist überwiegend mit Standard-Optik und Instrumentarium durchführbar und führt bei bisher gleichen intra-und postoperativen Verläufen zu kaum sichtbaren, da verborgen liegenden Narben. Es ist geschlechtsunabhängig und hat im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen neuen Techniken allenfalls geringe Mehrkosten, da spezielles Instrumentarium nur selten dazu benötigt wird.
Einleitung:
Die TEM-Technik ist ein in der transanaler Behandlung rektaler Polypen und Carcinome in niedrigem Malignitätsgrad und T-Stadium etabliertes Verfahren und gilt als Prototyp einer ...NOTES-Operation. In ihrer typischen Form erfordert sie jedoch spezielles starres Instrumentarium, was ihre Anwendung teilweise erschwert hat.
Methode:
In der dargestellten Modifikation wird ein intranal platzierter SILS-Port als Zugangsebene mit 3 Trokaren verwendet und laparoskopisches Instrumentarium verwendet.
Ergebnis:
Wir haben diese Technik in Einzelfällen bei der transanalen Resektion rektaler Tumoren und entzündlicher Prozessse verwendet. Die Erfahrungen werden dargestellt.
Schlussfolgerungen:
Die Verwendung des flexiblen SILS-Ports im Analring mit den 5mm Trokaren ermöglicht die Verwendung des laparoskopischen Standard-Instrumentariums. Damit kann im Unterschied zum üblichen TEM-Instrumentarium ein größeres Spektrum an Instrumenten verwendet werden. Neben den klassischen TEM-Operationen kann diese Technik auch in einigen Fällen die Versorgung von perirektalen Abszessen bzw. Fisteln erleichtern. Damit erweitert der Single-Port Access den Einsatzbereich des laparoskopischen Equipments, was wir als Single Port Access Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (SPATES) definiert haben.
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