The FRagment Separator FRS at GSI is a versatile spectrometer and separator for experiments with relativistic in-flight separated short-lived exotic beams. One branch of the FRS is connected to the ...target hall where the bio-medical cave (Cave M) is located. Recently a joint activity between the experimental groups of the FRS and the biophysics at the GSI and Department of physics at LMU was started to perform biomedical experiments relevant for hadron therapy with positron emitting carbon and oxygen beams. This paper presents the new ion-optical mode and commissioning results of the FRS-Cave M branch where positron emitting 15O-ions were provided to the medical cave for the first time. An overall conversion efficiency of 2.9±0.2×10−415O fragments per primary 16O ion accelerated in the synchrotron SIS18 was reached.
The ways of thinking in the manufacturing sciences are increasingly determining the rationality within medicine as a practical or action-based science. This “technological paradigm” infiltrates the ...field of medicine with the promise of increasing efficiency while simultaneously improving quality at various points in the system. Simple linear causal relationships generally need to be taken into account when manufacturing products. Even complex manufacturing processes can be broken down into the smallest units and, therefore, also be automated. The situation in complex systems such as the human body, however, is completely different. In order for doctors to be able to carry out their actions within this complex system, medicine as a science provides the physician with rules on the means that should be used to decide which remedy should be used, when and how. This judgment of which remedy should be used, when and how, what is known as the indication, is a central medical moment. This requires a power of judgment sharpened by experience. The indication, in turn, essentially determines the course of a disease and thus the quality of the treatment or the quality of result so often referred to these days.
The beam dump facility (BDF) is a project for a new facility at CERN dedicated to high intensity beam dump and fixed target experiments. Currently in its design phase, the first aim of the facility ...is to search for light dark matter and hidden sector models with the Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) experiment. At the core of the facility sits a dense target/dump, whose function is to absorb safely the400GeV/cSuper Proton Synchrotron (SPS) beam and to maximize the production of charm and beauty mesons. An average power of 300 kW will be deposited on the target, which will be subjected to unprecedented conditions in terms of temperature, structural loads and irradiation. In order to provide a representative validation of the target design, a prototype target has been designed, manufactured, and tested under the SPS fixed-target proton beam during 2018, up to an average beam power of 50 kW, corresponding to 350 kJ per pulse. The present contribution details the target prototype design and experimental setup, as well as a first evaluation of the measurements performed during beam irradiation. The analysis of the collected data suggests that a representative reproduction of the operational conditions of the beam dump facility target was achieved during the prototype tests, which will be complemented by a postirradiation examination campaign during 2020.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is an accepted technique for the treatment of symptomatic disc disease at the cervical spine. In this study the clinical outcome of 67 patients who ...underwent ACDF due to cervical disc herniation are presented. Based on the results of this study and those of other working groups the pros and cons of ACDF were analysed and discussed.
67 patients with cervical disc herniation underwent ACDF of a single level. Clinical and/or radiological examination was performed immediately preoperatively, one day after surgery and 7 months postoperatively to assess the course of the examined parameters.
The mean age of the patients was 53 years (range: 19-81). Seven months after surgery we observed pain reduction in 91% of the cases, range of motion in the neck improvement in 79%, motor function improvement in 78% and a function improvement in sensitivity in 78% of the cases. Analysis of the CT scans 7 months after surgery showed a fusion rate of 85% on the cervical spine segment that was treated.
The results of this study demonstrate that ACDF is an effective surgical treatment for patients suffering from disc degeneration at the cervical spine. Over 80% of the patients showed an improved neurological status and had less pain than prior to surgery. It is a safe surgical technique with a low rate of complications and a high rate of bony consolidation on the treated level.
The future Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) e−/e+ collider is based on the two-beam acceleration concept, whereby interleaving electron bunches of the drive beam through a delay loop and combiner rings ...as well as high peak RF power at 12GHz are created locally to accelerate a second beam, the main beam. One of the main objectives of the currently operational CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) is to demonstrate beam combination from 1.5GHz to 12GHz, which requires satellite-free fast phase-switching of the drive beam with sub-ns speed. The PHIN photo-injector, with the photo-injector laser, provides flexibility in the time structure of the electron bunches produced, by direct manipulation of the laser pulses. A novel fiber modulator-based phase-switching technique allows clean and fast phase-switch at 1.5GHz. This paper describes the switching system based on fiber-optic modulators, and the measurements carried out on both the laser and the electron beam to verify the scheme.
The AWAKE Collaboration has been formed in order to demonstrate proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration for the first time. This acceleration technique could lead to future colliders of high ...energy but of a much reduced length when compared to proposed linear accelerators. The CERN SPS proton beam in the CNGS facility will be injected into a 10 m plasma cell where the long proton bunches will be modulated into significantly shorter micro-bunches. These micro-bunches will then initiate a strong wakefield in the plasma with peak fields above 1 GV/m that will be harnessed to accelerate a bunch of electrons from about 20 MeV to the GeV scale within a few meters. The experimental program is based on detailed numerical simulations of beam and plasma interactions. The main accelerator components, the experimental area and infrastructure required as well as the plasma cell and the diagnostic equipment are discussed in detail. First protons to the experiment are expected at the end of 2016 and this will be followed by an initial three-four years experimental program. The experiment will inform future larger-scale tests of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration and applications to high energy colliders.
Despite the benefit of safety vests to the reduction of torso injuries in children and adolescents is unclear, its' use is recommended. The aim of the present study is to determine the effectiveness ...of safety vests actually used in pediatric equestrian activities.
In this case-control-study, we analyzed the accidents of 92 riders aged 18 or younger who fell off a horse onto his/her torso during a period of 18 months. Data were gathered from the clinical records. Additionally, a questionnaire was administered on the day of trauma by the patients and/or their parents.
The cases comprised 31 patients who sustained torso injuries. The controls were 61 riders with injuries of other body parts than to the torso. Safety vest use was not associated with a lower risk of torso injuries (OR=1.18, 95% CI (0.50, 2.81), p=0.707). Post hoc power analysis revealed that within such a setting an odds ratio of 0.266 could be found with a power of 80%.
This study is not able to show an association between wearing a torso protector and protection from torso injuries, probably due to confounding. We did not detect a high effect of safety vest usage in our study population. Whether the development of a new generation of safety vests might be more effective remains unclear. An effective vest should be adapted to the requirements of children and adolescents and should protect the thorax and abdomen, but also the cervical and the lumbar spine.
The question of safety in horse-riding sports Püschel, V; Michaelsen, U; Giensch, M ...
Sportverletzung Sportschaden : Organ der Gesellschaft fur Orthopadisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin
26, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
To reduce the number of equine-related injuries, knowledge about causes of accidents is of great importance. In the present study the causes of equine-related accidents were evaluated by a ...questionnaire survey. Based on our results options for prevention of equine-related accidents were formulated.
The working-group "safer riding, Hamburg" and the "German riding association (FN)" created a questionnaire to evaluate causes of equine-related accidents. This questionnaire was published in the print media "Cavallo" and "St. Georg" as well as on the online portal www.hamburger-ag-reitersicherheit.de. The questionnaire was intended for all equestrians who had suffered a horse-riding accident in the past.
371 female and 18 male equestrians returned a completed questionnaire. At the time of the accident the average age of the casualties was 32.5 years (range: 5 - 68 years). 86 % of the casualties wore a helmet while only 14 % used a body protector. 61 % of the equestrians were amateur riders and 66 % of the accidents occurred during leisure riding. 44 % of the horses were professional sport horses. 83 % of the equestrians had known the horse for over 6 months at time of injury.
The qualification of the horse as well as the familiarity between rider and horse do not seem to have an effect of reducing of the number of accidents in equestrian activities. On the other hand a good education of the rider can contribute to decrease the accident rate. While the employment of helmets in riding sports has increased in recent years the use of preventive measures such as body protectors and safety education programmes are being used too rarely.
A
bstract
Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNLs) are hypothetical particles predicted by many extensions of the Standard Model. These particles can, among other things, explain the origin of neutrino masses, ...generate the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe and provide a dark matter candidate.
The SHiP experiment will be able to search for HNLs produced in decays of heavy mesons and travelling distances ranging between
O
(50 m) and tens of kilometers before decaying. We present the sensitivity of the SHiP experiment to a number of HNL’s benchmark models and provide a way to calculate the SHiP’s sensitivity to HNLs for arbitrary patterns of flavour mixings. The corresponding tools and data files are also made publicly available.
The correlation between the severity of neurological deficit of patients with symptomatic spinal metastases and short-term, postoperative, functional improvements after surgery is unclear. The aim of ...this clinical trial was to determine the influence of neurological deficit severity on short-term functional outcomes after surgery, and to devise optimal treatment strategies for this patient population.
Between 01/1999 and 12/2004, 194 patients with symptomatic spinal metastases were surgically treated. Each patient underwent neurological examination pre- and postoperatively. The results were ranked according to the Frankel score. The pre- and postoperative Frankel score was compared in order to assess the development of neurostatus following a surgical procedure.
Complete postoperative remission was seen in 27% of all patients (27/101) with a preoperative Frankel score D, as well as in 5% of all patients (4/77) with a preoperative Frankel score C. Improvement of the preoperative neurologic deficits occurred in 27% of all patients (27/101) with a preoperative Frankel score D, 58% of all patients (45/77) with a preoperative Frankel score C, 36% of all patients (5/14) with a preoperative Frankel score B, and 50% of all patients (1/2) with a preoperative Frankel score A.
Surgical treatment of patients suffering from neurological deficits caused by spinal metastases results in neurological function improvements. The probability of neurological improvement does not correlate with the severity of the preoperative neurologic deficit. As a consequence, the decision to operate on these patients should not depend on the severity of pre-operative neurological symptoms alone.
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