We investigated the effects of bradykinin (BK) on the regulatory mechanism of PGI2 synthesis in endothelial cells with reference to intracellular Ca2+ kinetics, mRNA expression of cytosolic ...phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and prostaglandin H2 synthase-1 (PGHS-1). PGI2 generation increased with BK stimulation in a time dependent manner for 180 minutes. In the early phase of BK stimulation, intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) concentration was increased by the influx of extracellular Ca2+ and a release from the Ca2+ storage site. However the increase of Ca2+ i was observed for only 2 minutes. cPLA2 mRNA expression was 87 amol/μg RNA at rest. The additon of BK produced 746amol/μg RNA at 15 minutes. After pretreatment with cycloheximide, cPLA mRNA was superinduced. PGHS-1 mRNA expression was 562 amol/μg RNA at rest. The additon ofBK produced 10608 amol/μg RNA at 180 minutes. After pretreatment with cycloheximide, PGHS-1 mRNA expression was inhibited. These results indicate that in the early phase of BK stimulation, Ca2+i activates cPLA2, and cPLA2 is considered to increase PGI2 generation. After 2 minutes, the increase of cPLA2 and PGHS-1 mRNA with BK stimulation seems to lead to an increase in these enzymes, but the time courses of these mRNA expressions were not the same. It is suggested that BK induced PGI2 generation depends not only on the increase of Ca2+i but also on the mRNA of cPLA2 and PGHS-1.
Two cases of urethral polyp with prostatic-type epithelium were reported. One was a 36-year-old male and the other was a 69-year-old male. They were presented with hematuria and hematospermia, ...respectively. Polyps were recognized at the prostatic urethra in the vincinity of the vermontanum in both patients. These lesions were treated with TUR. One (36-year-old) developed recurrence 4 years after the initial TUR. These polyps in both patients were found to be covered by columner cells which were stained positively by PSA (prostate specific antigen) and PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase) using immunohistochemical methods. This suggested that the epithelium of these lesions were of prostatic type. In some areas of the recurrent specimen from the 36-year-old case, the head of this polyp was lined by transitional cell epithelium and the foot by the prostatic-type epithelium. These observations were discussed with special emphasis on the nature and histogenesis of this lesions.
Signal induction and molecular mechanisms of the thrombin induced prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were investigated in association with the intra ...Ca2+ and the gene expression of prostaglandin H2 synthase (PGHS) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) using the method of competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thrombin enhanced the synthesis of PGI2 by time dependent manner. Thrombin stimulation caused an elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+, which in turn stimulate phospholipase A2 (PLA2), resulting in arachidonic acid cleavage from membrane phospholipids and its subsequent conversion into PGI2 through PGHS pathway. The elevated cytosolic Ca2+ resulted from mainly the influx of extracellular Ca2+. Compatible to former reports, PGHS-1 mRNA was constitutively expressed, while PGHS-2 and PLA2 mRNA was not. With the stimulation of thrombin, PLA2 mRNA increased to 9-fold in 15 minutes, PGHS-1 mRNA to 3.4-fold in 180 minutes, PGHS-2 mRNA to 38-fold in 60 minutes. These results suggest that PGHS-1 is not only the constitutive enzyme but also the inducible enzyme and expression of PLA2, PGHS-1, PGHS-2 mRNA cause to PGI2 generation.
In previous multi-dimensional modeling on spray dynamics and vapor formation, single component fuel with pure substance has been analyzed to assess the mixture formation. Then it should be expected ...that the evaporation process could be performed for the multicomponent fuel such as actual Gasoline and Diesel gas oil. In this study, vapor-liquid equilibrium prediction was conducted for multicomponent fuels such as 3 and 10 components mixed solution with ideal solution analysis and non-ideal solution analysis. And the computation of distillation characteristics was conducted for the steady state fuel condition fuel condition to understand the evaporation process. As a result, calculated distillation characteristics are consistent well with experiment results. And the evaporation process of a multicomponent droplet in the combustion chamber has been calculated with the variation of ambient pressure and temperature. Further the vapor concentration was measured for the analysis of the binary fuel spray using infrared absorption measurement method.
The removability for protein-bound toxins of an anion exchange resin (BR-601) was examined comparing with plasma exchange. Six patients with hepatic failure following surgical operation in the ...hepato-biliary resion were treated with plasma perfusion using BR-601 and plasma exchange (PE). Either BR-601 and PE demonstrated the effect for improvement in coma grade from 3 or 4 to 2 or 3. The initial level of total bilirubin was 15.8mg/dl and it was incerasing rapidly. The removal rates of BR-601 for total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and total bile acids were 26.6 6.6%, 29.5 9.5% and 19.8 9.8%, respectively, showing 80% of relative removability with PE. BR-601 may play one part of removal function in artificial liver support system.
We have visualized the nuclear pore complex (NPCx) three-dimensionally by quick-freeze, deep etching and suggest that NPCx is composed of four rings and associated filaments. The rings were located ...at the cytoplasmic side, at the nucleoplasmic side, and at the pore waist as well. Some of the filaments emanated toward the cytoplasm, some sprawled over the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear membrane, and some intervened the rings. The emanating filaments were considered to be vimentin filaments judging from the replica and thin-sectioned image.
A 3-year-old boy with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with no skin rash whatever throughout the course of the disease is described, and the possibility of occurrence without skin rash is stressed. ...Seventeen cases of SLE in male children were collected from the Japanese literature and reviewed. Death occurred in 4 patients. Not only renal but also pancreatic involvement was found to be of significance in causing death in childhood SLE.
FK1052, (+) -8,9-dihydro-10-methyl-7-「(5-methyl-4-imidazolyl) methyl」pyrido「1,2-a」indol-6(7H)-one hydrochloride, showed dose-dependent antagonism against bradycardia induced by 2-methyl-5-HT in ...anesthetized rats. PK1052 had a lower ED_50 value (0.3 μg/kg, i.v. and 4.8 μg/kg, i.d.) than either ondansetron (5.2 μg/kg, i.v. and 170 μg/kg, i.d.) or granisetron (0.7 μg/kg, i.v. and 66 μg/kg, i.d.). PK1052 was a potent and effective agent against cisplatin (CDDP)-induced emesis in dogs. PK1052, given p.o. or i.v. before and after CDDP, was highly protective against CDDP-evoked emesis (ED_50 = 2.7 μg/kg, p.o. and 1.1 μg/kg, i.v.), when compared with ondansetron (ED_50 =31 μg/kg, p.o. and 13 μg/kg, i.v.) and granisetron (ED_50 =14 μg/kg, p.o. and 2.6 μg/kg, i.v.). When FK1052 (100 μg/kg, i.v.) was given 4 hr before CDDP, emesis was significantly prevented. Neither ondansetron nor granisetron, at 100 μg/kg, i.v., administered 30 min before CDDP prevented vomiting. Furthermore, FK1052, given after the onset of CDDP-induced emesis, reduced the number of subsequent emetic episodes (ED_50 = 3.2 μg/kg, i.v.). These results suggested that FK1052 is a potent long-acting and orally effective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist .
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