In the development of anti/de-icing systems for aeronautics, wind turbines or telecommunication antennas to date, less attention is paid to coating strategies. The majority of studies dealing with ...coatings have focused mainly on reducing ice adhesion forces, to easily remove ice, once it has formed. In this study we focused on an alternative strategy that consists of promoting the shedding of liquid water as a way to reduce the total amount of water present on the surface that can freeze. Shedding of liquid from the surface can be enhanced by modification of surface wettability, by means of the application of superhydrophobic coatings, i.e. water repellent coatings, characterized by low water adhesion forces.
To study the effect of superhydrophobic coatings on surfaces exposed to icing conditions, tests were performed in an open loop icing wind tunnel (IWT) on a standard NACA0021 airfoil in two different icing conditions. Three samples were used during the tests, each one is characterized by different wettability properties. To simulate the presence on anti/de-icing system, the wing was also equipped with an electrical heater, mounted at the inner side of the wing leading edge.
Results from IWT tests demonstrated that surface wettability is an important controlling factor not only for reducing ice accretion on the wing, but also for reducing by up to 80% the energy required to avoid ice accretion on the wing. The findings from IWT tests as described, together with results from a previous work on drop shedding, reinforced the hypothesis that shedding of drops is the key controlling mechanism for an efficient icing mitigation strategy.
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► Application of a superhydrophobic coating (SHC) has many benefits to avoid icing. ► (1) A reduction of heating power to keep the leading edge of the airfoil ice free. ► (2) A reduction or an absence of runback ice was seen using SHC. ► Low adhesion causes liquid water to shed due to drop rebound or aerodynamic drag. ► Claims to date in the literature as to icephobic benefits of SHC are in doubt.
The last decade has seen a marked shift in how the internal structure of hadrons is understood. Modern experimental facilities, new theoretical techniques for the continuum bound-state problem and ...progress with lattice-regularised QCD have provided strong indications that soft quark+quark (diquark) correlations play a crucial role in hadron physics. For example, theory indicates that the appearance of such correlations is a necessary consequence of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, viz. a corollary of emergent hadronic mass that is responsible for almost all visible mass in the universe; experiment has uncovered signals for such correlations in the flavour-separation of the proton’s electromagnetic form factors; and phenomenology suggests that diquark correlations might be critical to the formation of exotic tetra- and penta-quark hadrons. A broad spectrum of such information is evaluated herein, with a view to consolidating the facts and therefrom moving toward a coherent, unified picture of hadron structure and the role that diquark correlations might play.
In a randomized trial, 72 patients with hereditary angioedema presenting with acute attacks of angioedema were randomly assigned to receive either ecallantide, a recombinant plasma kallikrein ...inhibitor, or placebo. The median treatment outcome score, a composite patient-reported outcome measure, was significantly better at 4 hours in the ecallantide group than in the placebo group.
Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal dominant disorder with an estimated prevalence ranging from 1 case in 10,000 to 1 case in 50,000 persons.
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–
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Patients with hereditary angioedema have intermittent acute attacks of edema involving the larynx, oropharynx, face, gastrointestinal mucosa, extremities, or genitalia.
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Attacks occur unpredictably and may persist for 2 to 5 days.
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,
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Gastrointestinal attacks can cause incapacitating colic, vomiting, and diarrhea and can result in unnecessary abdominal surgery. Laryngeal attacks may be life-threatening because of the potential for airway obstruction.
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,
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Attacks do not typically respond to antihistamines, corticosteroids, or epinephrine.
Hereditary angioedema is caused by . . .
A failed total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is often associated with much bone loss. As an alternative to arthrodesis, the surgeon may consider a custom-made talar component to compensate for the bone ...loss. Our aim in this study was to assess the functional and radiological outcome after the use of such a component at mid- to long-term follow-up.
A total of 12 patients (five women and seven men, mean age 53 years; 36 to77) with a failed TAA and a large talar defect underwent a revision procedure using a custom-made talar component. The design of the custom-made components was based on CT scans and standard radiographs, when compared with the contralateral ankle. After the anterior talocalcaneal joint was fused, the talar component was introduced and fixed to the body of the calcaneum.
At a mean follow-up of 6.9 years (1 to 13), 11 ankles were stable with no radiological evidence of loosening. Only one was lost to follow-up. The mean arc of movement was 21
(10
to 35
). A total of nine patients (75%) were satisfied or very satisfied with the outcome, two (17%) were satisfied but with reservations and one (8%) was not satisfied. All but one patient had an improvement in the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score (p = 0.01). Just one patient developed deep infection, leading to arthrodesis.
A custom-made talar component yielded satisfactory results with regard to function, stability and satisfaction. This should encourage the use of such components as an alternative to arthrodesis of the ankle in patients with a failed TAA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:231-6.
Food insecurity is considered an increasing public health problem worldwide with adverse effects, especially among older adults. Although the literature related to food insecurity among older adults ...in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are expanding, little is known about existing patterns and knowledge gaps in these settings. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research related to food insecurity among older adults in LMIC.
A systematic search was conducted in November 2021 and revised in July 2022 on six databases using terms related to food insecurity and older adults. Data were extracted, and the emerging themes from the main findings were summarized using a social-ecological model (SEM).
Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Almost half (48.8%) were published in the last 2 years and utilized a quantitative approach (n = 38). Only one study was conducted in a low-income country. Using the SEM, most studies included in this review focused on addressing the relationship between food insecurity with intrapersonal factors.
Several gaps in the current literature were identified. There is a lack of longitudinal and qualitative studies available on this topic. Also, only 15 LMIC were represented in the literature. A critical point in this review is that only a few studies addressed the relationship between food insecurity and the policy/social structure, institutional, community, and interpersonal levels. These identified gaps can serve as a guide for future research on this topic.
Electron-Ion Collider: The next QCD frontier Accardi, A; Albacete, J L; Anselmino, M ...
The European physical journal. A, Hadrons and nuclei,
09/2016, Letnik:
52, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This White Paper presents the science case of an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), focused on the structure and interactions of gluon-dominated matter, with the intent to articulate it to the broader ...nuclear science community. It was commissioned by the managements of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) with the objective of presenting a summary of scientific opportunities and goals of the EIC as a follow-up to the 2007 NSAC Long Range plan. This document is a culmination of a community-wide effort in nuclear science following a series of workshops on EIC physics over the past decades and, in particular, the focused ten-week program on “Gluons and quark sea at high energies” at the Institute for Nuclear Theory in Fall 2010. It contains a brief description of a few golden physics measurements along with accelerator and detector concepts required to achieve them. It has been benefited profoundly from inputs by the users’ communities of BNL and JLab. This White Paper offers the promise to propel the QCD science program in the US, established with the CEBAF accelerator at JLab and the RHIC collider at BNL, to the next QCD frontier.
Eravacycline is a novel fluorocycline, highly active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in vitro, including those with tetracycline and multidrug resistance. This phase 2, randomized, ...double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dose regimens of eravacycline compared with ertapenem in adult hospitalized patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs). Patients with confirmed cIAI requiring surgical or percutaneous intervention and antibacterial therapy were randomized (2:2:1) to receive eravacycline at 1.5 mg/kg of body weight every 24 h (q24h), eravacycline at 1.0 mg/kg every 12 h (q12h), or ertapenem at 1 g (q24h) for a minimum of 4 days and a maximum of 14 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the clinical response in microbiologically evaluable (ME) patients at the test-of-cure (TOC) visit 10 to 14 days after the last dose of study drug therapy. Overall, 53 patients received eravacycline at 1.5 mg/kg q24h, 56 received eravacycline at 1.0 mg/kg q12h, and 30 received ertapenem. For the ME population, the clinical success rate at the TOC visit was 92.9% (39/42) in the group receiving eravacycline at 1.5 mg/kg q24h, 100% (41/41) in the group receiving eravacycline at 1.0 mg/kg q12h, and 92.3% (24/26) in the ertapenem group. The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events were 35.8%, 28.6%, and 26.7%, respectively. Incidence rates of nausea and vomiting were low in both eravacycline groups. Both dose regimens of eravacycline were as efficacious as the comparator, ertapenem, in patients with cIAI and were well tolerated. These results support the continued development of eravacycline for the treatment of serious infections, including those caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01265784.).
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a genetic disorder resulting from low levels of C1-inhibitor activity that manifests as acute attacks of variable and sometimes life-threatening edema. Ecallantide is a ...novel potent inhibitor of human plasma kallikrein, a key mediator of the excessive formation of bradykinin associated with the signs and symptoms of an HAE attack.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ecallantide in the treatment of acute HAE attacks.
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients with a moderate to severe HAE attack were randomized 1:1 to receive 30 mg of subcutaneous ecallantide or placebo. The primary efficacy end point was change from baseline in mean symptom complex severity score 4 hours after dosing. Additional end points included treatment outcome score 4 hours after dosing and maintenance of significant overall improvement through 24 hours.
Ninety-six patients were enrolled. Mean (SD) change from baseline in mean symptom complex severity score 4 hours after dosing was significantly greater with ecallantide use (-0.8 0.6) compared with placebo use (-0.4 0.8) (P = .01 comparing distributions). Ecallantide therapy was also associated with a significantly larger mean (SD) treatment outcome score 4 hours after dosing vs placebo use (ecallantide: 53.4 49.7; placebo: 8.1 63.2; P = .003 comparing distributions). The benefit of ecallantide was apparent within 2 hours after dosing and was maintained through 24 hours after dosing. The safety profile was similar between the treatment groups.
Ecallantide appears to be an effective and safe treatment for acute attacks of HAE.
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