A középkori Kesztölc településsel azonosítható helyszínen2007-ben feltárásra került többek között a Q174-es objektumszámú tölgyfa bélésű kút. A megfigyelések szerint, a településen belüli helyzete ...alapján, a nagy szakmai gondossággal épített kutat a teljes közösség használhatta. Az egykori hadi- és a Jeruzsálembe vezető zarándokúttól csak pár méterre ásott kútról feltételezhető, hogy nem csak a helyieket, de az átutazókat is szolgálta.
In this paper the authors publish the results of the dendrochronological and radiocarbon investigation of the beam foundation excavated in the backyard of 20 Jókai Street under the medieval western ...town wall of Székesfehérvár. Based on the 11th century dating results – hypothesizing the primary usage of the beams – they delineate the historical significance of the early stone town wall in medieval Europe and the Hungarian Kingdom.
To enhance our understanding of forest carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation and drought impact on forest ecosystems, the availability of high-resolution annual forest growth maps based on ...tree-ring width (TRW) would provide a significant advancement to the field. Site-specific characteristics, which can be approximated by high-resolution Earth observation by satellites (EOS), emerge as crucial drivers of forest growth, influencing how climate translates into tree growth. EOS provides information on surface reflectance related to forest characteristics and thus can potentially improve the accuracy of forest growth models based on TRW. Through the modelling of TRW using EOS, climate and topography data, we showed that species-specific models can explain up to 52 % of model variance (Quercus petraea), while combining different species results in relatively poor model performance (R2 = 13 %). The integration of EOS into models based solely on climate and elevation data improved the explained variance by 6 % on average. Leveraging these insights, we successfully generated a map of annual TRW for the year 2021. We employed the area of applicability (AOA) approach to delineate the range in which our models are deemed valid. The calculated AOA for the established forest-type models was 73 % of the study region, indicating robust spatial applicability. Notably, unreliable predictions predominantly occurred in the climate margins of our dataset. In conclusion, our large-scale assessment underscores the efficacy of combining climate, EOS and topographic data to develop robust models for mapping annual TRW. This research not only fills a critical void in the current understanding of forest growth dynamics but also highlights the potential of integrated data sources for comprehensive ecosystem assessments.
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•We combined remote sensing, climate and elevation to model tree-ring width (TRW).•Models' explained variance ranged up to 52 % and was higher for species-specific models.•Including remote sensing data improved the prediction accuracy by 6 % on average.•Satellite-derived vegetation indices yielded strong positive relationships with TRW.•The developed forest-type models were successfully applied to generate a map of TRW.
A középkori Fehérvár (Alba Civitas) védműveinek kutatása évszázados múltra tekint vissza. A városfalépítés időpontjának kérdése Siklósi Gyula kutatásaival jutott az elmúlt három évtizedben ...nyugvópontra. Ő amellett érvelt, hogy a tatárjárást követően, a 13. század második felében erődítették meg a várost kőfallal. Az elmúlt néhány évben azonban gyökeresen megváltoztak ismereteink a védművek építéstörténetéről, részben a természettudományok bevonásának, részben pedig szerencsés újabb régészeti feltárásoknak köszönhetően. Időrendi szempontból a legfontosabb eredmény, hogy dendrokronológiai és radiokarbon mérések, valamint régészeti rétegtani megfigyelések egymástól függetlenül igazolták, hogy a kő várfal és a várfalon belül húzódó fa-földsánc egyes szakaszai a 11. század közepéig már bizonyosan megépültek.
The fortification of medieval Fehérvár (Alba Civitas), located in the present-day city of Székesfehérvár, has been the focus of research for a hundred years now. Its construction date was clarified ...thanks to Gyula Siklósi’s work in the past three decades. He argues that the town was fortified with a stone wall in the 13th century AD, after the Mongol Invasion. However, novel scientific methods, as well as recent archaeological excavations, yielded new results concerning the architectural history of the fortification. Most notably, dendrochronology, radiocarbon dating, and stratigraphic observations confirmed that parts of the stone wall and the earth-and-timber rampart inside it had already been built by the mid-11th century AD.
Hyperandrogenism is a risk factor of cerebrovascular diseases as androgens can alter markedly the regulation of cerebrovascular tone. We examined the combined impact of androgen excess and vitamin D ...deficiency (VDD), a common co-morbidity in hyperandrogenic disorders, on remodeling and testosterone-induced vascular responses of anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) in order to evaluate the interplay between androgens and VDD in the cerebral vasculature. Male and female Wistar rats were either fed with vitamin D deficient or vitamin D supplemented diet. Half of the female animals from both groups received transdermal testosterone treatment. After 8 weeks, vessel lumen, wall thickness and testosterone-induced vascular tone of isolated ACA were determined using pressure microangiometry and histological examination. Androgen receptor protein expression in the wall of cerebral arteries was examined using immunohistochemistry. In female rats only combined VDD and testosterone treatment decreased the lumen and increased the wall thickness of ACA. In males, however VDD by itself was able to decrease the lumen and increase the wall thickness. Vascular reactivity showed similar alterations: in females, testosterone constricted the ACA only after combined VDD and hyperandrogenism, whereas in males VDD resulted in increased testosterone-induced contractions in spite of decreased androgen receptor expression. In conclusion, a marked interplay between hyperandrogenism and VDD results in inward remodeling and enhanced testosterone-induced constrictions of cerebral arteries, which might compromise the cerebral circulation and thus, increase the risk of stroke in the long term. In addition, the early cerebrovascular manifestation of VDD appears to require androgen excess and thus, depends on gender.
This article presents a hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithm that combines particle filter (PF) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. The new PF-PSO algorithm consists of two ...steps: the first generates randomly the particle population;and the second zooms the search domain. An application of this algorithm to the optimal tuning of proportional-integral-fuzzy controllers for the position control of a family of integral-type servo systems is then presented as a second contribution. The reduction in PF-PSO algorithm's cost function allows for reduced energy consumption of the fuzzy control system. A comparison with other metaheuristic algorithms on canonical test functions and experimental results are presented at the end of this article.
Background: An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the first-line vascular access pathway for patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In planning vascular access, it is necessary to check ...the diameters of the venous and arterial components for satisfactory long-term results. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the maturation failure and short-term patency in cases of AVFs is not fully known. This study aims to verify the predictive role of inflammatory biomarkers (the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammatory index (SII), and C-reactive protein (CRP)), Ca-P product, the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and the diameters of the venous and arterial components in the failure of AVF maturation. Methods: The present study was designed as an observational, analytical, and retrospective cohort study with a longitudinal follow-up, and included all patients with a diagnosis of ESRD that were admitted to the Vascular Surgery Clinic of the Targu Mures Emergency County Hospital, Romania, between January 2019 and December 2021. Results: The maturation of AVF at 6 weeks was clearly lower in cases of patients in the high-NLR (31.88% vs. 91.36%; p < 0.0001), high-PLR (46.94% vs. 85.55%; p < 0.0001), high-SII (44.28% vs. 88.89%; p < 0.0001), high-CRP (46.30% vs. 88.73%; p < 0.0001), high-Ca-P product (40.43% vs. 88.46%; p < 0.0001), and low-PNI (34.78% vs. 91.14%; p < 0.0001) groups, as well as in patients with a lower radial artery (RA) diameter (40% vs. 94.87%; p = 0.0009), cephalic vein (CV) diameter (44.82% vs. 97.14%; p = 0.0001) for a radio-cephalic AVF (RC-AVF), and brachial artery (BA) diameter (30.43% vs. 89.47%; p < 0.0001) in addition to CV diameter (40% vs. 94.59%; p < 0.0001) for a brachio-cephalic AVF (BC-AVF), respectively. There was also a significant increase in early thrombosis and short-time mortality in the same patients. A multivariate analysis showed that a baseline value for the NLR, PLR, SII, CRP, Ca-P product, and PNI was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes for all of the recruited patients. Furthermore, for all patients, a high baseline value for vessel diameter was a protective factor against any negative events during the study period, except for RA diameter in mortality (p = 0.16). Conclusion: Our findings concluded that higher NLR, PLR, SII, CRP, Ca-P product, and PNI values determined preoperatively were strongly predictive of AVF maturation failure, early thrombosis, and short-time mortality. Moreover, a lower baseline value for vessel diameter was strongly predictive of AVF maturation failure and early thrombosis.
Europe-wide outbreaks of common voles in 2019 Jacob, Jens; Imholt, Christian; Caminero-Saldaña, Constantino ...
Journal of pest science,
03/2020, Letnik:
93, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Common voles (
Microtus arvalis
) are widespread in the European agricultural landscape from central Spain to central Russia. During population outbreaks, significant damage to a variety of crops is ...caused and the risk of pathogen transmission from voles to people increases. In 2019, increasing or unusually high common vole densities have been reported from several European countries. This is highly important in terms of food production and public health. Therefore, authorities, extension services and farmers need to be aware of the rapid and widespread increase in common voles and take appropriate measures as soon as possible. Management options include chemical and non-chemical methods. However, the latter are suitable only for small and valuable crops and it is recommended to increase efforts to predict common voles outbreaks and to develop and field test new and optimized management tools.
Background
Type 2 diabetes and obesity may be inversely associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the evidence is controversial.
Methods
Using Danish, nationwide registries ...(1980‐2016), we identified patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (N = 295,653) and patients with a diagnosis of obesity (N = 312,108). Patients were matched (1:3) to persons from the general population on birth year and sex. We computed incidence rates and Cox regression derived hazard ratios (HRs) of a diagnosis of ALS. In multivariable analyses, HRs were controlled for sex, birth year, calendar year, and comorbidities.
Results
We observed 168 incident cases of ALS (0.7 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6–0.8 per 10,000 person‐years) among patients with type 2 diabetes and 859 incident cases of ALS (0.9 95% CI: 0.9–1.0 per 10,000 person‐years) among matched comparators. The adjusted HR was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.72–1.04). The association was present among men (adjusted HR: 0.78 95% CI: 0.62–0.99) but not women (adjusted HR: 1.03 95% CI: 0.78–1.37), and among those aged ≥60 years (adjusted HR: 0.75 95% CI: 0.59–0.96) but not younger. We observed 111 ALS events (0.4 95% CI: 0.4–0.5 per 10,000 person‐years) among obesity patients and 431 ALS events (0.5 95% CI: 0.5–0.6 per 10,000 person‐years) among comparators. The adjusted HR was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.70–1.11).
Conclusions
Diagnoses of type 2 diabetes and obesity were associated with a reduced rate of ALS compared with general population comparators, particularly among men and patients aged 60 years or above. However, absolute rate differences were small.
Type 2 diabetes and obesity may be inversely associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the evidence is controversial. In a nationwide cohort study, diagnoses of type 2 diabetes and obesity were associated with a reduced rate of ALS compared with general population comparators, particularly among men and patients aged 60 years or above.
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