This article focuses on the early Neolithic settlement patterns in northern Dalmatia, located in the middle of the eastern Adriatic. At the present state of research, a total of 35 Neolithic sites ...have been known in this region, 26 of which belong to the Early Neolithic. Observing the type and character of the early Neolithic sites, their micro-topographic features, proximity and availability of resources, organization of life in relation to environment requirements, continuity of life at a particular location, and economic strategies, we come to the conclusion that the early Neolithic settlement patterns in northern Dalmatia were determined by natural landscape and its resources. They are the postulate and basis for the development of different aspects of social life and economy, as well as the starting point for the interpretation of the character and dynamics of the development of the early Neolithic communities in this area. The site locations, stratigraphic relations, and radiocarbon dating also suggest movements of the early Neolithic communities. The movements seem to have taken place exclusively within the fields. Discussion whether it was one or several simultaneous communities/settlements remains limited, since the state of research does not allow precise attribution of the site to certain chronological segments of the Early Neolithic.
S nalazištem srednjeg i kasnog neolitika Graduša – Lokve u Islamu Grčkom (sjeverna Dalmacija) povezano je mnogo otvorenih pitanja. Veličina i granice nalazišta, međusobni prostorni, stratigrafski i ...kulturni odnosi između naselja srednjeg i kasnog neolitika, te korelacija distribucije površinskih nalaza s objektima iz neolitičkog naselja koji se mogu prepoznati na površini, samo su neka od njih. Kako bi se dali odgovori na neka od navedenih pitanja, proveden je sustavan terenski pregled tijekom veljače 2023. godine. Rezultati istraživanja pridonose boljem poznavanju nalazišta, te će služiti kao podloga u planiranju budućih istraživanja na nalazištu.
Among the rich and diverse archaeological finds collected at more than fifty known Neolithic sites in the entire area of the eastern Adriatic and its hinterland, ceramic spoons comprise a group of ...very rare and almost marginalised items. Only eight examples, discovered in the northern and central Dalmatia region (hinterland of Zadar and πibenik), at open-air Neolithic sites known to date to the Middle and Late Neolithic. Based on current research and in accordance with the available archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data from Neolithic sites in the eastern Adriatic region, this paper poses a question about the connection of ceramic spoons with the dietary habits of Neolithic communities in the eastern Adriatic.
U radu je predstavljen keramički nalaz pronađen u drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća u Islamu Grčkom, nedaleko od neolitičkog nalazišta Graduša – Lokve. Riječ je o slučajnom nalazu, danas pohranjenom u ...Zavičajnom muzeju Benkovac. Prema tehnici ukrašavanja i motivima, nalaz pripada srednjem neolitiku, odnosno danilskoj kulturi. U prilog navedenom vremenskom i kulturnom okviru govore i analogije s jadranskog prostora, na temelju kojih je ovaj predmet moguće pripisati duhovnoj kulturi neolitičkih zajednica istočnog Jadrana.
Informacijska i komunikacijska tehnologija postala je sastavni dio života ali i odgojno-obrazovnoga procesa. Kao i svaki sektor obrazovanja, tako se i sektor strukovnoga obrazovanja suočavao s mnogim ...poteškoćama i problemima tijekom izvođenja nastave na daljinu. Upotreba digitalnih alata može znatno olakšati odgojno-obrazovni proces, ali nikako se ne smije zanemariti mogućnost ostvarenja obrazovnih ishoda koristeći se digitalnim alatima. Navedena tvrdnja može potaknuti mnoge rasprave o opravdanosti uporabe informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije u strukovnom obrazovanju jer u mnogim sektorima strukovnog obrazovanja zapravo nije moguće ostvariti ishode praktične nastave njezinom uporabom. U radu se ukazuje na probleme realizacije praktične nastave i ostvarenje ishoda učenja nastave na daljinu za smjer medicinska sestra opće njege / medicinski tehničar opće njege zbog imperativa „prelaska u virtualnu učionicu“ uzrokovanoga pandemijom COVID-19. Mogući problemi nastali kao posljedica praktične nastave na daljinu mogli bi biti neostvareni obrazovni ishodi. Posebnost je obrazovnoga programa ta što se održava tijekom 4 618 sati nastave strukovnih predmeta, od čega se 2 972 sata odnosi na vježbe u planiranim obrazovnim sredinama poput kliničkih sredina, domova za starije i nemoćne osobe i dječjih vrtića. Upravo je u tim sredinama moguće jedino uživo i bez uporabe digitalnih alata ostvariti planirane obrazovne ishode planiranim aktivnostima usmjerenim prema stjecanju kompetencija za zanimanje za koje se učenik/ca obrazuje.
Information and communication technology has become an integral part of everyday life as well as of the educational process. Like all the other education sectors, vocational education also faced many difficulties and problems during remote learning. The use of digital tools can facilitate the educational process significantly, and the possibility of achieving educational outcomes using digital tools should not be neglected. This claim could provoke many debates about the justification of the use of information and communication technology in vocational education because, in many vocational education sectors, it is not possible to achieve the outcomes of practical teaching by using it. This paper points to the problems of conducting practical education classes and achieving learning outcomes for the general nurse and general healthcare technician course due to the imperative of the "transition to a virtual classroom" caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, due to practical remote learning, unfulfilled educational outcomes could arise as possible issues. The distinctiveness of this educational programme lies in the fact that it is realised through 4618 teaching hours of vocational subjects, 2972 hours of which relate to exercises in planned educational environments such as clinical settings, homes for the elderly and infirm, and kindergartens. It is in these environments that it is only possible to achieve the planned educational outcomes in person and without the use of digital tools through planned activities aimed at acquiring competencies for the profession for which the student is being educated.
Background: Electrical impedance (EI) is a property of all living tissues and represents the resistance to the electric current flow through a living tissue. EI depends on the structure and chemical ...composition of the tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of age, sex, and electrode pressure on the EI values of healthy oral mucosa. The study involved 101 participants with healthy oral mucosa who were divided into three age groups. EI was measured in seven anatomical regions. Results: Significant differences between different age groups were found. Younger participants (20–40 years) had significantly higher EI values than the older participants (60+). Significantly higher EI values were found in women at all localisations at all measured frequencies, except on the hard palate. EI values measured with higher sub-pressure were significantly lower than values measured with lower sub-pressure at all frequencies and localisations, except the tongue dorsum, tongue border, and sublingual mucosa. Conclusions: This study found that EI values in healthy oral mucosa depend on age and sex and may also depend on the pressure of the measuring device. These factors should be kept in mind when EI is used as a diagnostic method for different oral lesions.
Protection at work and work safety are the basic principles of the human right to work in a dignified way that guarantees protection of life and health at work. The scope of work of ...nurses/technicians includes diagnostic procedures, treatment and patient care. However, performance of these tasks can lead to health damage. Preventing and reducing injuries, occupational diseases, diseases related to the work as well as the preservation and improvement of health have a huge impact on reducing economic losses. Thus, a building of awareness is required so that the investment in occupational safety and health and safety at work will not be perceived as an unnecessary expense or a huge cost, but a long-term profitable investment. Additional costs and major expenses arise when the safety and health at work are not in proper focus. Employers and employees are the key factors, but the most important effort is to start raising awareness about the importance of protection and safety at work during the training for certain professions. Teachers play an important role in developing positive attitudes and understanding the importance of prevention of occupational accidents, occupational and related diseases. They greatly influence the maintenance of protection and safety from the earliest days to the end of service, including even the life expectancy of an individual person. If future young health care workers start with the acquisition of knowledge and skills of work safety at the beginning of their professional training, then safety and protection at work will become an integral part of the working process for them. They will develop a proper attitude toward the importance of occupational safety and health, which will guide them throughout their entire working life.
Zaštita i sigurnost na radu temelj su za ostvarivanje prava čovjeka na rad na dostojanstven način, za zaštitu života i zaštitu zdravlja. Djelokrug rada medicinskih sestara/tehničara obuhvaća radne zadatke koji uključuju dijagnostičke postupke, liječenje i skrb za oboljele, a obavljanje tih radnih zadataka može dovesti do oštećenja zdravlja. Sprečavanje i smanjenje ozljeda na radu, profesionalnih bolesti i bolesti u vezi s radom te očuvanje i unapređivanje zdravlja ima velik utjecaj i na gospodarske gubitke. Potreban je proces osvješćivanja za ulaganje u zaštitu na radu kako rad na siguran način ne bi bio shvaćen kao nepotreban veliki trošak, već dugoročno isplativa investicija. Dodatan ili veliki trošak nastaje kada sigurnost i zdravlje na radu nisu u odgovarajućem fokusu. Poslodavci i zaposlenici su ključni čimbenici, ali od svega je najbitnije započeti osvješćivanje o važnosti zaštite i sigurnosti na radu tijekom stjecanja znanja za određena zanimanja. Nastavnici imaju značajnu ulogu u razvijanju pozitivnih stajališta i razumijevanju važnosti prevencije nastanka nezgoda na radu, profesionalnih bolesti i bolesti u vezi s radom. Njihova uloga uvelike utječe na održavanje zaštite i sigurnosti na radu od najranijih dana do kraja radnog staža, ali i životnog vijeka pojedinca. Ako budući mladi radnici počnu sa stjecanjem znanja i vještina o zaštiti i sigurnosti na radu na početku svoje stručne izobrazbe, tada sigurnost i zaštita na radu za njih postaju sastavni dio radnog procesa. Pri tom razvijaju dobar odnos prema važnosti zaštite i sigurnosti na radu te prema zdravlju koji će ih pratiti tijekom njihova cijelog radnog vijeka.
Zaštita i sigurnost na radu temelj su za ostvarivanje prava čovjeka na rad na dostojanstven način, za zaštitu života i zaštitu zdravija. Djelokrug rada medicinskih sestara/tehničara obuhvaća radne ...zadatke koji uključuju dijagnostičke postupke, liječenje i skrb za oboljele, a obavljanje tih radnih zadataka može dovesti do oštećenja zdravija. Sprečavanje i smanjenje ozljeda na radu, profesionalnih bolesti i bolesti u vezi s radom te očuvanje i unapređivanje zdravija ima velik utjecaj i na gospodarske gubitke. Potreban je proces osvješćivanja za ulaganje u zaštitu na radu kako rad na siguran način ne bi bio shvaćen kao nepotreban veliki trošak, već dugoročno isplativa investicija. Dodatan Hi veliki trošak nastaje kada sigurnost i zdravlje na radu nisu u odgovarajućem fokusu. Poslodavci i zaposlenici su ključni čimbenici, ali od svega je najbitnije započeti osvješćivanje o važnosti zaštite i sigurnosti na radu tijekom stjecanja znanja za određena zanimanja. Nastavnici imaju značajnu ulogu u razvijanju pozitivnih stajališta i razumijevanju važnosti prevencije nastanka nezgoda na radu, profesionalnih bolesti i bolesti u vezi s radom. Njihova uloga uvelike utječe na održavanje zaštite i sigurnosti na radu od najranijih dana do kraja radnog staža, ali i životnog vijeka pojedinca. Ako budući mladi radnici počnu sa stjecanjem znanja i vještina o zaštiti i sigurnosti na radu na početku svoje stručne izobrazbe, tada sigurnost i zaštita na radu za njih postaju sastavni dio radnog procesa. Pri tom razvijaju dobar odnos prema važnosti zaštite i sigurnosti na radu te prema zdravlju koji će ih pratiti tijekom njihova cijelog radnog vijeka.
Introduction
We documented that stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in rats with episcleral veins cauterization, glaucoma model, preserved retinal and optic nerve integrity. BPC 157 (LD1 not ...achieved) was implemented as an anti‐ulcer peptide in IBD trials and now in a multiple sclerosis trial (Curr Pharm Des 2018;24(18):1990–2001). Likewise, beneficial effects of BPC 157 on ocular tissues (Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 771: 211–9; Exp Eye Res 2015;136:9–15; Coll Antropol. 2005;29:321–5) are an especial argument. BPC 157 maintained corneal transparency, total debridement of corneal epithelium cured with no corneal neovascularization, perforating corneal incisions in rats successfully closed and no new vessels, providing a particular healing and vascular effect. Previously, in both short and prolonged terms (6 months), BPC 157 counteracts increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats underwent episcleral veins cauterization (FASEB J 2016, 30 (1 suppl), 1201.4; 2017, FASEB J 31 (1 suppl), 666.2). Now, rats underwent episcleral veins cauterization instead exhibiting ganglion cell layer and optic nerve thinning/atrophy, showed close to normal ganglion cell layer and optic nerve thickness, given daily, in the period of 24 h, 4 and 6 weeks.
Methods
Randomly assigned operated male Wistar rats, 250g, (two dorsal episcleral veins and one temporal episcleral vein isolated from the surrounding tissues; a cautery specifically applied to the selected vein), were further studied. Now, medication (pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10μg/kg) (Diagen, Slovenia) intraperitoneally) or an equivolume of 0.9%NaCl (5ml/kg) intraperitoneally (controls)) was applied immediately after surgery, and then once time daily. Histopathological retinal and optic nerve samples were obtained after sacrifice at 24h, 4 and 6‐weeks interval.
Results
At 24h, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery controls exhibited ganglion cell layer (at 24 h 31.43±1.92 mcm; 4 weeks 21.71±3.73 mcm; 6 weeks 20.43±2.93) and optic nerve thinning (at 24h 735±19.5 mcm; 4 weeks 453.14±7.04 mcm; 6 weeks 421.71±5.99 mcm). All BPC 157 rats exhibited only slight or none ganglion cell layer (at 24 h 41±5.15 mcm; 4 weeks 33±0.76 mcm; 6 weeks 31.14±1.11 mcm) or optic nerve thinning (at 24 h 763±10.80 mcm; 4 weeks 731.86±16.05 mcm; 6 weeks 732.86±7.24 mcm). Differences were statistically significant between control and BPC 157 treated animals at an interval of 4 and 6 weeks (p<0,05). So we conclude that microscopy analysis correlates well with ophthalmoscopy findings published in our previous research (i.e., BPC 157 groups diameter of the optic nerve remained close to normal unlike control's atrophy/thinning of the ganglion cell layer and optic nerve) (Figure 1: Rat optic nerve presentation at 6 weeks, HEx20, saline application (right), BPC 157 regimen (left)).
Conclusion
Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 continuously counteracts the effects of episcleral veins cauterization on morphological changes of ganglion cell layer and optic nerve.
Support or Funding Information
Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Republic of Croatia grant number 108‐1083570‐3635.
This is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this published in The FASEB Journal.
Introduction
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and clinical experience of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in undergraduate dental students in six European countries ...(Croatia, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom) and assess student’s attitude and preference to future education on the topic. A secondary aim was to identify gaps in student’s knowledge and clinical practice. The study was a part of the Erasmus+ project “Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Healthcare Professionals Training“ (Grant No: 2020‐1‐UK01‐KA202‐078917).
Materials and Methods
An online questionnaire was distributed to all final‐year students in six partner universities. This consisted of four parts assessing: (1) knowledge on OPMDs, (2) clinical experience with this group of patients, (3) self‐rated competence in the management of OPMDs and (4) preferences with regard to future education.
Results
Two hundred and sixty final‐year dental students from six partner universities responded to the questionnaire. Response rates varied from 12% to 92% between partner universities. Significant differences in clinical experience and knowledge were found between students. Students with more clinical exposure to OPMDs rated their knowledge and competence in the management of OPMDs higher than students with less clinical experience. The majority of students were interested in future education on OPMDs, preferably via short educational videos.
Conclusion
The majority of students have received theoretical knowledge of OPMDs during their undergraduate studies, however, not all had clinical exposure to this group of patients. Students were open to further education on OPMDs. Important deficiencies in knowledge were identified that need to be addressed and it is anticipated that the e‐learning platform and e‐book that are in development by partner institutions will help to improve overall knowledge of OPMDs.
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