Metastasis is the predominant cause of death in breast cancer patients. Several lines of evidence have shown that microRNAs (miRs) can have an important role in cancer metastasis. Using isogenic ...pairs of low and high metastatic lines derived from a human breast cancer line, we have identified miR-149 to be a suppressor of breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis. We also identified GIT1 (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1) as a direct target of miR-149. Knockdown of GIT1 reduced migration/invasion and metastasis of highly invasive cells. Re-expression of GIT1 significantly rescued miR-149-mediated inhibition of cell migration/invasion and metastasis. Expression of miR-149 impaired fibronectin-induced focal adhesion formation and reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin, which could be restored by re-expression of GIT1. Inhibition of GIT1 led to enhanced protein degradation of paxillin and α5β1 integrin via proteasome and lysosome pathways, respectively. Moreover, we found that GIT1 depletion in metastatic breast cancer cells greatly reduced α5β1-integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin and collagen. Low level of miR-149 and high level of GIT1 was significantly associated with advanced stages of breast cancer, as well as with lymph node metastasis. We conclude that miR-149 suppresses breast cancer cell migration/invasion and metastasis by targeting GIT1, suggesting potential applications of the miR-149-GIT1 pathway in clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.
Background and Aims
We report the chemometric classification of commercial Chinese Cabernet Sauvignon dry red wines according to the winegrowing region based on the coupling of synchronous ...fluorescence (SF) and ultraviolet (UV)–visible (VIS) spectroscopies.
Methods and Results
Total SF spectra at a wavelength difference (Δλ) of 10–150 nm with 10‐nm intervals, UV spectra in the 240 to 380 nm range and VIS spectra in the 380‐ to 700‐nm range were recorded. A simple classification model was constructed by principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis and was evaluated by external validation. The combined use of SF and UV–VIS spectroscopies offered clearer classification than the individual techniques. The Δλ in SF spectroscopy was revealed to play an important role in the classification. The combination of SF spectroscopy at Δλ 30, 60, 90 and 120 nm and UV–VIS spectroscopy achieved the highest prediction rate (79.2%).
Conclusions
The fusion of data from UV–VIS and SF spectroscopies at multiple Δλ with certain pitched intervals, which has retained more complementary and useful information, can mostly improve the classification of wines.
Significance of the Study
The joint use of the two complementary spectroscopies provides an alternative to discriminate wines from different geographical origins.
Heat stress (HS) in dairy cows can be classified into short-term heat stress (STHS) and long-term heat stress (LTHS) according to the number of consecutive days in HS. The comparative study of these ...2 types of HS is limited in terms of their effects on the production and energy metabolism of cows. In this study, 4 lactating Holstein cows (102.5 ± 12 days in milk, 605 ± 22 kg of body weight, second parity) fitted with rumen fistulae were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups in a 2 × 2 crossover design and allocated to 1 of 2 climate-controlled chambers. This study contained 2 periods, each with a control phase and a HS phase. There was a recovery phase between 2 periods. The HS phase comprised either STHS (3 d) or LTHS (7 d) treatments. Data collected from the 3 d of STHS and the last 3 d of LTHS were compared. The chambers were set at thermal neutral conditions (20°C, 50% humidity) during the control and recovery phases or cyclical HS conditions (26–38°C, 50% humidity) during the HS phase. Compared with STHS, LTHS decreased milk yield by 17.2% and dry matter intake by 12.6%, indicating that LTHS caused a more severe decline in milk production and feed intake. In addition, LTHS decreased milk protein concentration by 6.8% and milk protein yield by 22.4%. In comparison with STHS, LTHS decreased rumen liquor volatile fatty acid (29.7%), blood glucose (11.6%), and nonesterified fatty acid (13.6%) concentrations, but increased milk urea nitrogen by 15.1%, blood urea nitrogen by 8.6%, and creatine concentrations by 15.4%. Our results suggest that although reduced feed intake may be mainly responsible for reduced milk production during STHS, impaired rumen metabolism and suppressed mobilization of adipose tissue could be the main reasons for further reduction in milk yield during LTHS.
1D core-shell ZnFe2O4@N-C NFs were synthesized, and exhibited high high-rate capacities and long-term cycling behaviors, benefiting from its structural and componental advantages.
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•1D ...ZnFe2O4 nanofibers were massively synthesized via spinning.•Mesoporous ZnFe2O4 nanofibers were constructed with nanoscaled subunits.•ZnFe2O4 nanofibers were uniformly coated with ultrathin N-doped carbon shell.•Core-shell hybrid exhibited high-rate capacities and long cycling performance.
In the work, one dimensional (1D) ZnFe2O4 nanofibers (ZFO NFs) coated with N-doped carbon shell (ZFO@N-C NFs) were synthesized via electrospinning coupled with ploydopamine coating and subsequent carbonization. Systematical characterizations showed that the ZFO NFs constructed with ∼10 nm nano-particle subunits were uniformly covered with the ultrathin N-doped carbon shell of ∼3 nm in thickness. When evaluated as a potential anode for Li-ion batteries, the resulted 1D core-shell ZFO@N-C NFs exhibited high-rate reversible capacities and long-term cycling stability.
SJ-10 program provides a mission of space microgravity experiments including both fields of microgravity science and space life science aboard the 24th recoverable satellite of China. Scientific ...purpose of the program is to promote the scientific research in the space microgravity environment by operating the satellite at lower earth orbit for 2 weeks. There are totally 27 experiments, including 17 ones in the field of microgravity science (microgravity fluid physics 6, microgravity combustion 3, and space materials science 8) and 10 in the field of space life science (radiation biology 3, gravitational biology 3, and space biotechnology 4). These experiments were selected from more than 200 applications. The satellite will be launched in the end of 2015 or a bit later. It is expected that many fruitful scientific results on microgravity science and space life science will be contributed by this program.
The physical and mechanical parameters of rock masses are important factors that affect the numerical simulation and safety evaluation of geotechnical engineering. Due to the discontinuity and ...heterogeneity of rock mass, the parameters obtained by laboratory test and field test can not represent the actual situation. With the development of computer technology, the parameter identification method based on machine learning provides a new way to solve the above problems. Aiming at the rheological model based on thermodynamics with internal state variables, a back analysis method of mechanical parameters based on IAGA-BP algorithm is proposed. The sensitivity of deformation parameters, damage effect parameters and viscoplastic parameters involved in the model are analyzed using range analysis method. And the parameters which have great influence on the deformation of surrounding rock are selected to reduce the dimension of output layer. The displacement corresponding to the representative time point are selected as the input layer neuron. A numerical model is established to finely simulate the driving process of TBM, which is used to generate training samples and test samples. BP, GA-BP, PSO-BP, APSO-BP and SVM are also used to inverse the parameters of surrounding rock. Two evaluation metrics are used to evaluate the performance of above algorithms, including prediction accuracy and stability. The method is applied to inverse parameters of surrounding rock of a tunnel. The results show that the time-dependent deformation curve of surrounding rock obtained by BP neural network optimized by improved adaptive genetic algorithm (IAGA-BP) fits well with the monitoring curve (the average prediction error is 3.8%, and the prediction stability is 16.3%), which is much better than other algorithms.
Native plants can be used as additives to replace antibiotics to improve ruminant feed utilization and animal health. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Gentiana straminea (GS) on ...nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, and energy metabolism of Simmental calves.
Thirty-two (5-week-old) male Simmental clves, with initial body weight (BW) of 155±12 kg were fed the same basal diet of concentrates (26%), alfalfa hay (37%), and oat hay (37%) and were randomly separated into four treatment groups according to the amount of GS that was added to their basal diet. The four different groups received different amounts of GS as a supplement to their basal diet during whole experiment: (0 GS) 0 mg/kg BW, the control; (100 GS) 100 mg/kg BW; (200 GS) 200 mg/kg BW; and (300 GS) 300 mg/kg BW.
For calves in the 200 GS and 300 GS treatment groups, there was a significant increase in dry matter (DM) intake (p<0.01), average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05), organic matter intake (p<0.05), DM digestibility (p<0.05), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (p<0.05), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility (p<0.05). Dietary GS supplementation result in quadratic increases of DM intake (p<0.01), ADG (p<0.05), NDF intake (p<0.05), and ADF intake (p<0.05). Supplementing the basal diet with GS significantly increased nitrogen (N) retention (p<0.001) and the ratio of retention N to N intake (p<0.001). Supplementing the basal diet with GS significantly decreased methane (CH4) emissions (p<0.01), CH4/BW0.75 (p<0.05) and CH4 energy (CH4-E) (p<0.05). Dietary GS supplementation result in quadratic increases of CH4 (p<0.01) and CH4/DM intake (p<0.01). Compared with 0 GS, GS-supplemented diets significantly improved their gross energy intake (p<0.05). The metabolizable energy and digestive energy intake were significantly greater for calves in the 100 GS and 200 GS calves than for 0 GS calves (p<0.05).
From this study, we conclude that supplementing calf diets with GS could improve utilization of feed, energy, and N, and may reduce CH4 emissions without having any negative effects on animal health.
Two anthracene derivatives, MAnBz and DiAnBz, have been developed as emitters for deep-blue triplet–triplet fusion (TTF) fluorescence organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). DiAnBz bearing two ...anthracene units at a closed distance, separated by one phenylene moiety, shows high photoluminescent quantum yields and deep-blue emission. The remarkable maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 6.7% and 8.3% are obtained from DiAnBz-OLEDs with pristine prompt fluorescence and TTF fluorescence models, respectively. In particular, effectively diffusive TTF characteristics still can be detected at DiAnBz-OLED with an extreme low emitter concentration of 1 wt%, whose device performance exhibited a high EQEmax of 7.0% with deep blue emission at CIE (0.148, 0.078). The diffusive TTF characteristics with 20 times shorter delayed emission lifetime (τ2 of 3–4 μs), in comparison with that of MAnBz (τ2 of 60–70 μs) in the time-resolved electroluminescence experiments. This implies that pairing and TTF of the DiAnBz triplet excitons are more effective than that of MAnBz in the light emitting layer.
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•Two new anthracene-based triplet–triplet fusion (TTF) emitters MAnBz and DiAnBz were developed.•MAnBz and DiAnBz possess a high photoluminescence quantum yield closed to 90%.•DiAnBz single-emitting layer organic light emitting diode showed the prompt fluorescent emission with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 6.7%.•DiAnBz TTF-organic light emitting diode achieved a high EQEmax of 8.3% with Commission International de L'Eclairge coordinates (0.145, 0.110).•DiAnBz also showed the effectively diffusive TTF mechanism at an extreme low dopant concentration case.
Abstract Early-life exposure to bacterial endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), can provide neuroprotection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) during adulthood, possibly ...through altering the responsiveness of the immune system. Here, we show that exposure of LPS to neonatal rats resulted in a sustained elevation of corticosterone level in urine when compared with saline-treated rats, and that the high level of urine corticosterone was maintained during the progression of EAE ( P <0.05). This high level of production of corticosterone plays an important role in altering the predisposition to EAE-induced neuroinflammation, as a positive correlation occurred between the concentration of urine corticosterone and the increased apoptotic CD4+ T cells from the peripheral blood. LPS-treated rats also showed a reduced number of CD3+ T cells in the spinal cord. The splenic antigen-presenting cells showed a reduced expression of MHC II during EAE development in LPS-exposed rats when compared with rats exposed to the saline-treated control. Together, these findings suggest that treating neonatal rats with LPS evokes a sustained elevation of glucocorticoid, which may suppress immune response during EAE by increasing apoptosis of CD4+ T cells and reducing the expression of MHC II on antigen-presenting cells. Therefore, exposing neonates to bacterial endotoxin may further be developed as an immunization strategy to prevent human multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory brain diseases.
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