Camelina sativa is an alternative, low input oilseed crop with oil of high nutritional value. In Slovenia, C. sativa landrace has been grown by local farmers in the Koroška region since the middle of ...the 20th century. In our study, we determined oil and glucosinolate content (GLS) of camelina seed and free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), tocopherol contents (T), and fatty acid profile of camelina oil from ten locations over three consecutive growing seasons. The oil content ranged from 28.78 to 40.21%, while IV, PV, and FFA fell into a range that makes this oil useful in various nutritional applications. Camelina was remarkably rich in essential n − 3 α‐linolenic acid (33.32–37.65%) and γ‐T (532–798 mg/kg) in oil, and GLS (16.39–41.43 µmol/g) in seed. Due to observed variability, it seems that the seed and oil characteristics of C. sativa landrace are affected by the local environmental conditions at a specific farm location and by variable genotypes between farms as a result of a more than half a century of environmental selection.
Practical applications: Camelina sativa landrace in Koroška, Slovenia has a long history. The agricultural environment together with the traditional diet of this region ensures preservation of this landrace and limits diffusion of modern hybrids. This plant variety has not been characterized yet. The important seed and oil quality parameters presented in this work will be useful for the determination of the nutritional value of the oil, recognizing Slovenian camelina oil as a unique vegetable oil with specific geographic origin as well as focal point for plant breeders.
Ten farm locations in Koroška region (black circles), Slovenia and Europe.
The importance of authenticity characterization is an increasing and pressing requirement for all foods. Vegetable oil is one of the most studied foods because of its nutritional and medicinal ...properties in a correct diet. In this study, a total of 53 Camelina sativa samples, from all known growing areas, were chemically and isotopically characterized. The fatty acid content of camelina oil was determined by gas chromatography (GC), and the ratios of stable carbon isotopes (13C/12C) of individual fatty acids and seed/bulk oil were determined by gas chromatography−combustion-stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) and elemental analysis−stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). A total of 17 different fatty acids were detected by GC, with ω3 α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) being the most abundant (29.7−40.0 wt %). Oleic acid (C18:1n9), linoleic acid (C18:2n6) and eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9) all belong to the second group of major fatty acids. The stable carbon isotopic values (δ13C) fell into a range typical for C3 plants. The use of δ13C18:2n6 vs δ13C18:3n3 correlation could show cases where impurity or adulteration is suspected, whereas principal component analysis clearly separates oil samples from different continents. Preliminary results on the camelina oil authentication procedure provide a basis for the investigation of geographical origin and the further distinction between camelina and camelina refined or other, less expensive oils.
At the experimental field of Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing at Žalec an experiment was conducted in 2006/07 to detect the impact of fertilization by K2SO4 and gypsum on the yield, ...oil content, oil yield, protein content, protein yield and fatty acids composition at two different cultivars of oilseed rape (cultivar Smart and hybrid Toccata). In the conditions of the experiment the source of sulphur did not impact the yield, but a negative impact of spring fertilization by sulphur at cultivar Smart was detected. At hybrid Toccata positive impact of gypsum was detected when it was fertilized at sowing. Oil content was higher at cultivar Smart by 3.32% compared to hybrid Toccata. At cultivar Smart no source of sulphur impacted significantly the yield of oil, while at the conditions of the experiment positive impact of spring applications of sulphur on the yield of oil was detected at hybrid Toccata. Oil yield was higher at cultivar Smart compared to hybrid Toccata. Protein content was not impacted by sulphur fertilization. The share of linoleic acid was higher at hybrid Toccata by 2.2% to 2.4%, the share of oleic acid was higher at cultivar Smart by 2.2% to 3.1%, the shares of other investigated acids did not differ a lot between Smart and Toccata.
In 2010, we were determining the contents of glucosinolates in different Brassicas in order to study their influence on feeding of cabbage stink bugs (Eurydema spp.) and the consequent extent of ...damage. We confirmed that glucosinolates content depends on plant species, plant organs and the time of sampling. In the samples aliphatic glucosinolates (glucoiberin, progoitrin, epiprogoitrin, epiprogoitrin, sinigrin, gluconapin, glucoraphenin, sinalbin) prevailed. Glucobrassicin, an important indolic glucosinolate compound, was detected in all tested Brassicas. Its concentration in the oil radish samples was highest during the first assessment (30 DAS), 8.84 ± 0.65 µmol g-1ds, while the oilseed rape samples displayed lowest concentration during the last assessment (134 DAS), 4.30 ± 0.80 µmol g-1 ds. The stimulative activity of individual glucosinolates or their negative influence on feeding of cabbage stink bugs in the Brassicas used in our experiment was not uniformly manifested. Based on a two-year field experiment we concluded that oil rape was the most adequate trap crop used to allure cabbage stink bugs. In future, glucosinolates should be employed to a greater extent in environmentally acceptable ways of food production, one of which is also the use of trap crops in order to reduce harmful effects of cabbage stink bugs.
In 2010, we were determining the contents of glucosinolates in different Brassicas in order to study their influence on feeding of cabbage stink bugs (Eurydema spp.) and the consequent extent of ...damage. We confirmed that glucosinolates content depends on plant species, plant organs and the time of sampling. In the samples aliphatic glucosinolates (glucoiberin, progoitrin, epiprogoitrin, epiprogoitrin, sinigrin, gluconapin, glucoraphenin, sinalbin) prevailed. Glucobrassicin, an important indolic glucosinolate compound, was detected in all tested Brassicas. Its concentration in the oil radish samples was highest during the first assessment (30 DAS), 8.84 + or - 0.65 micromol g.sup.-1 ds, while the oilseed rape samples displayed lowest concentration during the last assessment (134 DAS), 4.30 + or - 0.80 micromol g.sup.-1 ds. The stimulative activity of individual glucosinolates or their negative influence on feeding of cabbage stink bugs in the Brassicas used in our experiment was not uniformly manifested. Based on a two-year field experiment we concluded that oil rape was the most adequate trap crop used to allure cabbage stink bugs. In future, glucosinolates should be employed to a greater extent in environmentally acceptable ways of food production, one of which is also the use of trap crops in order to reduce harmful effects of cabbage stink bugs. Keywords: Phytochemicals, cabbage stink bugs, cabbage, white mustard. Em 2010 o conteudo de glucosinolatos em diferentes plantas brassicas foi determinado para estudar a influencia sobre a alimentacao de percevejos de repolho (Eurydema spp.) e a extensao do dano causado. Atraves do metodo do cultivo armadilha, durante o periodo de crescimento foram amostradas as partes aereas de oleo de colza, mostarda branca, nabo forrageiro e dois hibridos de repolho branco. O conteudo de glucosinolatos depende das especies de plantas, orgaos de plantas e periodo da amostragem. Predominaram nas amostras os glucosinolatos alifaticos (glucoiberina, progoitrina, epiprogoitrina, sinigrina, gluconapina, glucoraphenina, sinalbina). A glucobrassicina foi detectada em todas as brassicas testadas. Sua concentracao no nabo forrageiro foi mais alta na primeira avaliacao (30 DAS), 8.84 + or - 0.65 micromol g.sup.-1 ds, enquanto houve a menor concentracao no oleo de colza durante a ultima avaliacao (134 DAS), 4.30 + or - 0.80 micromol g.sup.-1 ds. Considerando o experimento de dois anos, conclui-se que o oleo de colza foi o mais adequado como cultivo armadilha para atrair o percevejo do repolho. Glucosinolatos podem ser usados no futuro mais extensivamente em varias modalidades de producao de alimentos, entre as quais o emprego de cultivo armadilha para diminuir os danos do percevejo do repolho. Palavras-chave: fitoquimicos, percevejo do repolho, repolho, nabo forrageiro, mostarda branca.
In 2010, we were determining the contents of glucosinolates in different Brassicas in order to study their influence on feeding of cabbage stink bugs (Eurydema spp.) and the consequent extent of ...damage. We confirmed that glucosinolates content depends on plant species, plant organs and the time of sampling. In the samples aliphatic glucosinolates (glucoiberin, progoitrin, epiprogoitrin, epiprogoitrin, sinigrin, gluconapin, glucoraphenin, sinalbin) prevailed. Glucobrassicin, an important indolic glucosinolate compound, was detected in all tested Brassicas. Its concentration in the oil radish samples was highest during the first assessment (30 DAS), 8.84 ± 0.65 µmol g-1 ds, while the oilseed rape samples displayed lowest concentration during the last assessment (134 DAS), 4.30 ± 0.80 µmol g-1 ds. The stimulative activity of individual glucosinolates or their negative influence on feeding of cabbage stink bugs in the Brassicas used in our experiment was not uniformly manifested. Based on a two-year field experiment we concluded that oil rape was the most adequate trap crop used to allure cabbage stink bugs. In future, glucosinolates should be employed to a greater extent in environmentally acceptable ways of food production, one of which is also the use of trap crops in order to reduce harmful effects of cabbage stink bugs.
Camelina sativa oil is characterized by its high content (up to 40 wt%) of α-linolenic acid and its unique flavor. It is considered to have beneficial health properties and is suitable for food and ...cosmetic uses. In the present study, response surface methodology was used to optimize processing parameters for bench-scale deodorization of camelina oil. The mathematical models generated described the effects of process parameters (temperature, steam flow, time) on several deodorization quality indicators: free fatty acids (FFA), trans fatty acids (TFA), color, and polymerized triglycerides (PTG). These newly established models can be used as a tool to identify optimum deodorization process conditions within chosen constraints. Based on the optimization of minimum retained FFA with the constraint of a maximum allowable TFA, deodorization parameters can be defined. At a constant steam flow rate of 42 ml/h, a temperature range of 210-220 °C, and deodorization time of 70-120 min were defined. 220 °C appears to be a critical upper temperature limit; above this temperature, isomerization rates significantly increase.
Camelina sativa oil (CO) is characterized by a high content (up to 40 wt %) of essential α‐linolenic acid and characteristic odour and flavour. Deodorization of highly unsaturated oils requires great ...attention as the refining process involves thermal treatment which affects oil integrity. In the present study RSM and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to optimize bench‐scale deodorization of CO. Mathematical models were generated through multiple regressions with backward elimination, describing the effects of process parameters (temperature, steam flow, time) on oil quality indicators peroxide value (PV), p‐anisidine value (p‐AV), γ‐tocopherol (γ‐T) and oxidative stability (OS). Additionally, sensory evaluation was performed. RSM analysis showed a significant effect of deodorization temperature and to a lesser extent, deodorization steam flow and time on removal of oxidative compounds, flavour and odour. PCA of chemical and sensory results showed that deodorization temperature affected the sensory properties in the samples. The best conditions for removing undesirable flavour and odour were achieved by using a deodorization temperature of 195–210°C.
At the experimental field of Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing at Žalec an experiment was conducted in 2006/07 to detect the impact of fertilization by K2SO4 and gypsum on the yield, ...oil content, oil yield, protein content, protein yield and fatty acids composition at two different cultivars of oilseed rape (cultivar Smart and hybrid Toccata). In the conditions of the experiment the source of sulphur did not impact the yield, but a negative impact of spring fertilization by sulphur at cultivar Smart was detected. At hybrid Toccata positive impact of gypsum was detected when it was fertilized at sowing. Oil content was higher at cultivar Smart by 3.32% compared to hybrid Toccata. At cultivar Smart no source of sulphur impacted significantly the yield of oil, while at the conditions of the experiment positive impact of spring applications of sulphur on the yield of oil was detected at hybrid Toccata. Oil yield was higher at cultivar Smart compared to hybrid Toccata. Protein content was not impacted by sulphur fertilization. The share of linoleic acid was higher at hybrid Toccata by 2.2% to 2.4%, the share of oleic acid was higher at cultivar Smart by 2.2% to 3.1%, the shares of other investigated acids did not differ a lot between Smart and Toccata.
Na poskusnem polju Inštituta za hmeljarstvo in pivovarstvo Slovenije v Žalcu smo v sezoni 2006/07 zastavili poskus, v katerem smo preizkusili vpliv gnojenja s K2SO4 in sadro na pridelek, vsebnost olja, pridelek olja, vsebnost beljakovin, pridelek beljakovin in sestavo maščobnih kislin dveh kultivarjev (kultivar Smart in hibrid Toccata) oljne ogrščice. V danih razmerah različne oblike gnojenja z žveplom niso imele značilnega vpliva na pridelek, vendar se pri kultivarju Smart nakazuje negativen učinek spomladanskega gnojenja z gnojili, ki vsebujejo žveplo, pri hibridu Toccata pa pozitiven učinek gnojenja s sadro, če je bila pognojena ob setvi. Vsebnost olja je bila pri kultivarju Smart za 3,32% višja kot pri hibridu Toccata. Pri kultivarju Smart nobena oblika gnojenja z žveplom ni pomembno vplivala na hektarski pridelek olja, pri hibridu Toccata pa se v danih razmerah nakazuje pozitiven učinek spomladanskega gnojenja z žveplom na pridelek olja. Hektarski pridelek olja je pomembno večji pri kultivarju Smart kot pri hibridu Toccata. Na vsebnost beljakovin gnojenje z žveplom ni imelo vpliva. Delež linolne kisline v olju je bil pri hibridu Toccata višji za 2,2% do 2,4%, delež oleinske kisline je bil višji pri kultivarju Smart za 2,2 do 3,1%, deleži drugih maščobnih kislin se pri obeh kultivarjih medsebojno le malo razlikujejo.
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