While various researchers have conducted work supporting the validity of self-determination theory (SDT) in the conventional learning setting, few attempts have been made to explore its application ...in the online learning context. In a recent study using structural equation modeling (SEM), Chen and Jang (
2010
) concluded that the SDT-based model was unable to predict the learning outcomes in online programs. After analyzing the model employed in their study, the researchers of the current study identified possible measurement issues and aimed to further examine the SDT-based model after modifications. More than 300 undergraduate students from seven online courses completed the SDT surveys. The results indicated that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs enhanced self-regulated motivation, which was associated with higher perceived knowledge transfer and increased achievement of course objectives in online courses. This study provides empirical evidence for the application of the SDT-based model in the online learning environment.
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the opportunities for developing computational thinking in young learners. It includes a review of empirical studies on the educational ...technologies used to develop computational thinking in young learners, and analyses and descriptions of a selection of commercially available technologies for developing computational thinking in young learners. The challenges and implications of using these technologies also are discussed.
The West Philippine Basin (WPB) has started opening at ~ 58 Ma and ceased spreading at ~ 33 Ma, developing a fast spreading (~ 44 mm/yr half-spreading rate) magmatic episode between 58 and 41 Ma and ...the second amagmatic episode between 41 and 33 Ma. The occurrence of the first stage of spreading is closely related to the Oki-Daito mantle plume and related Benham Rise (BR) and Urdaneta Plateau (UP) activity. To the east of the Luzon-Okinawa Fracture Zone (LOFZ), BR was the most active volcanism from 48 to 41 Ma. The geomagnetic ages on both sides of the LOFZ have been determined; however, their causal relationship and evolution in the WPB remain unclear. In this study, we performed integrated analyses of multichannel seismic data and swath bathymetry data for the area to the west of the LOFZ. To the west of the LOFZ, the Gagua Rise (GR), is identified by a high residual free-air gravity anomaly, volcanic seamount chains and an overlapping spreading center. The GR is located at magnetic isochrons C20/C22 (50 to 44 Ma) and shows a thick oceanic crust of at least 12.7 km. We first propose an oceanic plateau named Great Benham Rise (GBR) which includes GR, UP and BR. We infer that the GR was a portion of the GBR since ~ 49 Ma and was separated from the GBR at ~ 41 Ma by the right-lateral LOFZ motion. Later, the relict GBR magmatism only continued in the area to the east of the LOFZ. Overall, the GBR dominates the spreading history of the WPB.
Nutritional assessments, including the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), have emerged as prediction tools for long-term survival in various cancers. This study aimed to investigate the ...therapeutic strategy and explore the prognostic factors in the elderly patients (≥65 years) with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The cutoff value of the GNRI score (92.5) was obtained using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Among these patients (n = 205), 129 (62.9%) did not receive standard R–CHOP chemotherapy. Old age (≥80 years), poor performance status, low serum albumin level, and comorbidities were the major factors associated with less intensive anti-lymphoma treatment. Further analysis demonstrated that a lower GNRI score (<92.5) was linked to more unfavorable clinical features. In the patients who received non-anthracycline-containing regimens (non-R–CHOP), multivariate analysis showed that a low GNRI can serve as an independent predictive factor for worse progression-free (HR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.05–7.72; p = 0.039) and overall survival (HR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.02–8.90; p = 0.045). In summary, nutritional evaluation plays a role in DLBCL treatment and the GNRI score can serve as a feasible predictive tool for clinical outcomes in frail elderly DLBCL patients treated with non-anthracycline-containing regimens.
The distinction between the bright and the dark sides of basic psychological needs has been documented in face-to-face contexts. However, no one has examined the distinctive effects of need ...satisfaction and need dissatisfaction in online learning contexts. First, we validated the Basic Psychological Needs Scale among 693 undergraduates in online courses. However, we found one autonomy item and two relatedness items might need modifications to fit the online learning contexts. Second, we tested a motivation and learning model with both online (495 undergraduates) and face-to-face (519 undergraduates) samples. Consistent with previous findings in face-to-face contexts, need satisfaction and need dissatisfaction demonstrated distinctive effects on students' motivation and learning outcomes in online learning contexts. The current research contributes to the developing field of online learning by applying BPN into the online courses and comparing the motivation model between online and face-to-face learning contexts.
•The Basic Psychological Needs Theory can be applied to online learning.•A few items of the BPNS need revisions to fit the online learning contexts.•The motivation and learning model fits both online and face-to-face samples.•The strengths of the relations vary across online and face-to-face contexts.
A promising method has been demonstrated to fabricate quantum dot (QD)-converted full-color micro-light emitting diodes (LEDs) by inkjet printing (IJP) instead of the mass transfer of three ...red-green-blue (RGB) color chips. By introducing an additional medium, that is, NaCl into a formulated ink, QD deposition is manipulated by the NaCl-QD adhesive force and the capillary flow inside the liquid drop via varying the substrate hydrophobicity, which enabled spontaneous self-encapsulation of QDs in a single NaCl crystal. An RGB QD@NaCl array with a small pixel size and uniform size distribution (diameter = 3.74 ± 0.5 μm) is obtained in the IJP process, which demonstrated a full-color micro-LED display with a color gamut of approximately 110% of the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard.
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs), which are among the most widely used synthetic chemicals for the control of a wide variety of pests, are however associated with various adverse reactions in animals ...and humans. Chlorpyrifos, an OP, has been shown to cause various health complications due to ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption. The mechanisms underlying the adverse effect of chlorpyrifos on neurotoxicity have not been elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to determine the mechanism of chlorpyrifos-induced cytotoxicity and to examine whether the antioxidant vitamin E (VE) ameliorated these cytotoxic effects using DBTRG-05MG, a human glioblastoma cell line. The DBTRG-05MG cells were treated with chlorpyrifos, VE, or chlorpyrifos plus VE and compared with the untreated control cells. Chlorpyrifos induced a significant decrease in cell viability and caused morphological changes in treated cultures. Furthermore, chlorpyrifos led to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompanied by a decrease in the level of reduced glutathione. Additionally, chlorpyrifos induced apoptosis by upregulating the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-9/caspase-3 and by downregulating the protein levels of Bcl-2. Moreover, chlorpyrifos modulated the antioxidant response by increasing the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. However, VE reversed the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by chlorpyrifos treatment in DBTRG-05MG cells. Overall, these findings suggest that chlorpyrifos causes cytotoxicity through oxidative stress, a process that may play an important role in the development of chlorpyrifos-associated glioblastoma.
Aims
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) have off‐target effects on haemoconcentration and anti‐inflammation. The impact of SGLT‐2i on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in ...patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of newly diagnosed VTE in patients with DM using SGLT‐2i in comparison to dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4i) or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA).
Materials and Methods
In this nationwide retrospective cohort study, we used data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with diabetes aged 20 years or older who received SGLT‐2i, DPP‐4i, or GLP‐1RA between 1 May 2016, and 31 December 2020, were included. The risks of VTE in SGLT‐2i users were compared with those of DPP‐4i and GLP‐1RA users. A Cox regression model with stabilised inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) for VTE risk. Additionally, a meta‐analysis of relevant articles published before 23 May 2023, was conducted.
Results
Data from 136,530 SGLT‐2i, 598,280 DPP‐4i, and 5760 GLP‐1RA users were analysed. SGLT‐2i use was associated with a lower risk of VTE than DPP‐4i (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59–0.84; p < 0·001), but not with GLP‐1RA (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.32–5.94; p = 0.66). Our meta‐analysis further supported these findings (SGLT‐2i vs. DPP‐4i: HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.62–0.82; p < 0·001; SGLT‐2i vs. GLP‐1RA: HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.73–1.15; p = 0.43), suggesting the robustness of our retrospective analysis.
Conclusions
In patients with DM, SGLT‐2i was associated with a lower risk of VTE compared to DPP‐4i, but not GLP‐1RA.
This research identifies six online course evaluation instruments used nationally or in statewide systems. We examined the characteristics (i.e., number of standards and criteria) and coded the ...criteria that guide the design of online courses. We discussed the focus of the instruments and their unique features.
PDF
