Magnetic nickel–ruthenium based catalysts on resin beads for hydrogen generation from alkaline NaBH
4 solutions were synthesized with combined methods of chemical reduction and electroless ...deposition. Factors, such as solution temperature, NaBH
4 loadings, and NaOH concentration, on performance of these catalysts on hydrogen production from alkaline NaBH
4 solutions were investigated. Furthermore, characteristics of these nickel–ruthenium based catalysts were carried out by using various instruments, such as SEM/EDS, XPS, SQUID VSM and BET. These catalysts can be easily recycled from spent NaBH
4 solution with permanent magnets owing to their intrinsic soft ferromagnetism and, therefore, reducing the operation cost of the hydrogen generation process. A rate of hydrogen evolution as high as
ca. 400
mL min
−1 g
−1 could be reached at 35
°C in 10
wt% NaBH
4 solution containing 5
wt% NaOH using Ni–Ru/50WX8 catalysts. Activation energy of hydrogen generation using such catalysts is estimated at 52.73
kJ mol
−1.
This study investigates low-cost sorbents as replacements for current costly methods of removing heavy metals from solution. This investigation explores the waste iron oxide material (F1), which is a ...by-product of the fluidized-bed reactor (FBR)–Fenton reaction, for use in the treatment of the wastewater in Taiwan. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the F1. In this investigation, F1 are tested as adsorbents for removing copper (Cu
2+) from aqueous solutions. The highest Cu
2+ adsorption capacity of F1 adsorbent was determined as 0.21
mmol
g
−1 for 0.8
mmol
dm
−3 initial Cu
2+ concentration at pH 6.0 and 300
K. Adsorption data were well described by the Freundlich model and the thermodynamic constants of the adsorption process, Δ
G°, Δ
H° and Δ
S° were evaluated as −6.12
kJ
mol
−1 (at 318
K), 9.2
kJ
mol
−1 and 48.19
J
mol
−1
K
−1 (at 318
K), respectively. Additionally, a pseudo-second-order rate model was adopted to describe the kinetics of adsorption.
Fucose is one of important residues of recognition pattern for many immune cells. In this study, we characterized bioactive fucose-containing acidic polysaccharides from submerged fermentation of ...Agaricus blazei Murill. We obtained the polysaccharides through a cell-based activity-guided strategy, and used carbohydrate recognition monoclonal antibodies based Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) along with methylation and NMR analyses to investigate the structural characteristics of the polysaccharides. The polysaccharides had Mw of 3.5 × 105 Da. The major sugars were l-fucose, l-arabinose, d-galactose, d-xylose, and d-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 6.4, 15.5, 28.5, 14.7, and 25.0% with a small amount of d-glucose, d-mannose, l-rhamnose, and d-glucuronic acid. Results indicated that the bioactive polysaccharides consisted of a (1,4)-Galp and (1,4)-GalAp back bone; (1,2)-Xyl and (1,2)-Rha might also comprise backbone or constitute side chain; linkage (1,5)-Ara and terminal fucosyl residues were also involved in the polysaccharides. Regarding bioactivity, removal of the terminal l-fucosyl residues reduced the TNF-α cytokine stimulating activity of the polysaccharides in a RAW 264.7 macrophage cell-line test, whereas NF-κB and TLR4 affected the polysaccharide-induced TNF-α production.
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•This study investigated the polysaccharide profile from submerged fermentation of Agaricus blazei Murill.•Fucose-containing acidic polysaccharides designated as F3_FA were characterized.•F3_FA polysaccharides are the major bioactive component to induce TNF-α secretion from RAW264.7 macrophages.•Terminal α-L-fucose residues play an important role of bioactivity of the polysaccharides.•F3_FA polysaccharides induced cell bioactivity affected by TLR4 receptor.
Ammonia borane (NH
3BH
3, AB), one kind of promising hydrogen storage materials, is hydrolyzed to produce hydrogen in presence of HCl, Co/IR-120 and Ru/IR-120 catalysts. The kinetics analysis of the ...AB hydrolysis shows that hydrogen production is of the first-order reaction in regard to both concentrations of ammonia borane and catalysts initially present, respectively. The hydrolyzate of ammonia borane after hydrogen evolution is also characterized with XRD, FT-IR and
11B NMR. Boric acid (H
3BO
3) is found to be the dominant product in the hydrolyzate. Besides, the produced gas is discovered to contain both hydrogen and ammonia according to the GC–MS analysis and the indophenol colorimetric analysis. A possible reaction pathway on hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of ammonia borane is, accordingly, proposed based on the existence of boric acid, hydrogen and ammonia in the products. The total life cycle of ammonia borane is also proposed to illustrate formation of different intermediates during the AB hydrolysis for hydrogen generation and a possible regeneration scheme of the spent ammonia borane.
► Hydrogen is produced from hydrolysis of ammonia borane in presence of light-weight Co or Ru catalysts. ► The hydrolysis reaction of ammonia borane is of the first-order in concentrations of ammonia borane and catalysts. ► Ammonia is conjointly produced with hydrogen from hydrolysis of ammonia borane, and can be reduced with proper management of exothermic reaction heat. ► Boric acid is the major hydrolyzate of ammonia borane for hydrogen evolution.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease with poor outcomes, overwhelmingly due to relapse. Minimal residual disease (MRD), defined as the persistence of leukemic cells after ...chemotherapy treatment, is thought to be the major cause of relapse. The origins of relapse in AML have been traced to rare therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that are already present at diagnosis. Effective treatment strategies for long-term remission are lacking, as it has been difficult to eliminate LSCs with conventional therapy. Here, we proposed a new approach based on the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-directed T lymphocytes, targeting T-cell immunoglobulin, and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) to treat MRD in patients with AML. TIM-3 is selected as the target because it is highly expressed on AML blasts and LSCs in most subtypes regardless of the patient's genetic characteristics and treatment course. Moreover, it is absent in the normal hematopoietic stem cells, granulocytes, naïve lymphocytes, and most normal nonhematopoietic tissues. Using a naïve human Fab phage display library, we isolated an anti-human TIM-3 antibody and designed a second-generation anti-TIM-3. Our anti-TIM-3 CAR T cells exhibit potent antileukemic activity against AML cell lines and primary AML blasts, and in the mouse models. More importantly, we demonstrate efficient killing of the primary LSCs directly isolated from the patients. Hence, eradication of the LSCs present in the MRD by anti-TIM-3 CAR T-cell therapy following the first-line treatment may improve the clinical outcomes of patients with AML.
A novel supported iron oxide was utilized as a catalyst of the heterogeneous photoassisted Fenton degradation of azo-dye. The catalyst greatly promotes not only the decolorization but also the ...mineralization of RB5 at neutral pH. This technique can be employed as the basis of a cost-effective method Fenton-type degradation of a pollutant, without the end-of-pipe discharge of iron sludge into the environment.
▪
A novel supported iron oxide, prepared using a fluidized-bed reactor (FBR), was utilized as a catalyst of the heterogeneous photoassisted Fenton degradation of azo-dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5). This catalyst is much cheaper than Nafion-based catalysts, and can markedly accelerate the degradation of RB5 under irradiation by UVA (
λ
=
365
nm). The effects of the molar concentration of H
2O
2, the pH of the solution and the catalyst loading on the degradation of RB5 are elucidated. A simplified mechanism of RB5 decomposition that is consistent with the experimental findings for a solution with a pH of up to 7.0 is proposed. About 70% decolorization was measured and 45% of the total organic carbon was eliminated on the surface of the iron oxide at pH 7.0 after 480
min in the presence of 0.055
mM RB5, 5.0
g iron oxide/L, 29.4
mM H
2O
2, under 15
W UVA.
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