The development of enantioselective alkyl–alkyl cross‐couplings with coinstantaneous formation of a stereogenic center without the use of sensitive organometallic species is attractive yet ...challenging. Herein, we report the intermolecular regio‐ and enantioselective formal hydrofunctionalizations of acrylamides, forging a stereogenic center α‐position to the newly formed Csp3–Csp3 bond for the first time. The use of a newly developed chiral ligand enables the electronically‐reversed formal hydrofunctionalizations, including hydroalkylation, hydrobenzylation, and hydropropargylation, offering an efficient way to access diverse enantioenriched amides with a tertiary α‐stereogenic carbon center which is facile to racemize. This operationally simple protocol allows for the anti‐Markovnikov enantioselective hydroalkylation, and unprecedented hydrobenzylation, hydropropargylation under mild conditions with excellent functional group compatibility, delivering a wide range of amides with excellent levels of enantioselectivity.
Alkyl–alkyl bond‐forming with coinstantaneous formation of a stereogenic center is attractive yet challenging. Herein, the intermolecular, regio‐ and enantioselective formal hydrofunctionalization of alkenes to forge a stereogenic center in the α‐position to the newly formed alkyl–alkyl bond is reported for the first time, providing a facile access to a wide range of α‐branched chiral amides with broad functional group tolerance.
lncRNAs can exert many biological effects in several cancer types. MALAT1 is a kind of lncRNA which is greatly overexpressed in several tumors including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, ...the mechanism of MALAT1 in NSCLC still remains unclear. In our current study, we concentrated on the biological mechanism of MALAT1 in NSCLC. It was observed that MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in five human NSCLC cells including A549, H23, H522, H1299, and H460 cells compared to normal bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE cells. On the contrary, miR‐124 was remarkably downregulated, which indicated a potential negative correlation between miR‐124 and MALAT1. MALAT1 inhibition can increase miR‐124 expression in A549 and H460 cells. In addition, miR‐124 mimics were able to repress MALAT1 expression and miR124 inhibitors can promote MALAT1 levels. Then it was found that shMALAT1 can inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis, which can be reversed by miR‐124 inhibitors. Bioinformatic analysis predicted the correlation between miR‐124 and MALAT1. In addition, STAT3 was found to be a novel mRNA target of miR‐124. Downregulation of MALAT1 can inhibit NSCLC development by enhancing miR‐124 and decreasing STAT3 expression. We speculated that MALAT1can act as a competing endogenous lncRNA (ceRNA) to modulate miR‐124/STAT3 in NSCLC. Taken these together, we revealed that MALAT1/miR‐124/STAT3 was involved in NSCLC development.
We found that MALAT1 downregulation can inhibit NSCLC progression and miR‐124 inhibitors can induce NSCLC development, which indicated a reverse correlation between MALAT1 and miR‐124. Besides these, STAT3 was able to be targeted by miR‐124. Our results suggested that MALAT1/miR‐124/STAT3 were involved in NSCLC progression and should be potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
A novel magnetic nano-adsorbent (MNP-NH2) has been developed by the covalent binding of 1,6-hexadiamine on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solution. Various ...factors affecting the uptake behavior such as contact time, temperature, pH, salinity, amount of MNP-NH2 and initial concentration of Cu2+ were investigated. The kinetics was evaluated utilizing the Lagergren pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intra-particle diffusion models. The equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. The adsorption was relatively fast and the equilibrium was established within 5min, and its kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order mechanism, evidencing chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of sorption mechanism. The best interpretation for the equilibrium data was given by Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacities was 25.77mgg−1 at pH 6, and 298K. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic and chemical in nature. The successive adsorption–desorption studies indicated that the MNP-NH2 sorbent kept its adsorption and desorption efficiencies constant over 15 cycles. Importantly, MNP-NH2 was able to remove 98% of Cu2+ from polluted river and tap water.
Interfacial photo‐vapor conversion has been suggested as a cost‐effective and sustainable technology for seawater desalination. However, the conversion performance was still limited by some ...drawbacks, like salt accumulation and poor mechanical stability. Herein, a scalable MoS2‐based porous hydrogel (SMoS2‐PH) with good mechanical stability and salt resistance was successfully constructed through a crosslinking foaming polymerization method. With the high porosity (92.63 %), the SMoS2‐PH performed an impressive evaporation rate of 3.297 kg m−2 h−1 and photothermal conversion efficiency of 93.4 % under 1‐sun illumination. Most importantly, the SMoS2‐PH could maintain high and stable photothermal properties for 15 days on the surface of seawater. We believe that the excellent salt resistance, the high photothermal conversion efficiency, the ease of scale preparation method and the available commercial MoS2 make the SMoS2‐PH a promising device for full‐scale seawater desalination.
A scalable MoS2‐based porous hydrogel (SMoS2‐PH) was successfully constructed with a hydrophilic polyacrylamide as its skeleton and commercial MoS2 as the solar absorbent through a crosslinking foaming polymerization method. The SMoS2‐PH performed an impressive evaporation rate of 3.297 kg m−2 h−1 and solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiency of 93.4 % under 1‐sun illumination.
Atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) is a chronic process, with a progressive course over many years, but it can cause acute clinical events, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), myocardial ...infarction (MI) and stroke. In addition to a series of typical risk factors for atherosclerosis, like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking and obesity, emerging evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, suggesting that chronic infection plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most characteristic members of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which play an important role in innate immune mechanism. TLRs play different roles in different stages of infection of atherosclerosis-related pathogens such as
Chlamydia pneumoniae
(
C. pneumoniae
)
,
periodontal pathogens including
Porphyromonas gingivalis
(
P. gingivalis
)
, Helicobacter pylori
(
H. pylori
) and
human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). Overall, activation of TLR2 and 4 seems to have a profound impact on infection-related atherosclerosis. This article reviews the role of TLRs in the process of atherosclerosis after
C. pneumoniae
and other infections and the current status of treatment, with a view to providing a new direction and potential therapeutic targets for the study of ASVD.
Complete kinematic is an essential and a challenging work for series–parallel manipulators (S–PMs). This paper studied the complete kinematic of a 2(3-SPS+UP) series–parallel manipulator. First, a ...S–PM formed by two well-known Tricept parallel manipulators (PMs) connected in serial is presented. Second, the forward and inverse displacements are studied using sylvester dialytic elimination method. Third, the forward and inverse Jacobian matrices are established based on integrating the constraint and coupling information of the single PMs into the S–PM. Fourth, simple and compact formulae for the forward and inverse acceleration are derived using vector approach. Finally, the workspace of this S–PM is constructed using CAD variation geometry approach. The results show that the 2(3-SPS+UP) S-PM has multiple forward and inverse position solutions. The existence and uniqueness of the forward, inverse Jacobian matrices and the acceleration formula are shown from their explicit form. The workspace analysis shows that this S–PM has large workspace. The research works provided a theoretical basis for the novel 2(3-SPS+UP) S–PM, as well as a feasible approach for establishing the complete kinematics for S–PMs.
Based on research into the applications of artificial intelligence （AI） technology in the manufacturing industry in recent years, we analyze the rapid development of core technologies in the new era ...of＇Internet plus AI＇, which is triggering a great change in the models, means, and ecosystems of the manufacturing industry, as well as in the development of AI. We then propose new models, means, and forms of intelligent manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing system architecture, and intelligent man- ufactudng technology system, based on the integration of AI technology with information communications, manufacturing, and related product technology. Moreover, from the perspectives of intelligent manufacturing application technology, industry, and application demonstration, the current development in intelligent manufacturing is discussed. Finally, suggestions for the application of AI in intelligent manufacturing in China are presented.
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) causes deficits in off-line memory consolidation, but the underlying network oscillation mechanisms remain unclear. Hippocampal sharp wave ripple (SWR) oscillations ...play a critical role in off-line memory consolidation. Therefore, we trained mice to learn a hippocampus-dependent trace eyeblink conditioning (tEBC) task and explored the influence of 1.5-h postlearning SD on hippocampal SWRs and related spike dynamics during recovery sleep. We found an increase in hippocampal SWRs during postlearning sleep, which predicted the consolidation of tEBC in conditioned mice. In contrast, sleep-deprived mice showed a loss of tEBC learning-induced increase in hippocampal SWRs during recovery sleep. Moreover, the sleep-deprived mice exhibited weaker reactivation of tEBC learning-associated pyramidal cells in hippocampal SWRs during recovery sleep. In line with these findings, tEBC consolidation was impaired in sleep-deprived mice. Furthermore, sleep-deprived mice showed augmented fast excitation from pyramidal cells to interneurons and enhanced participation of interneurons in hippocampal SWRs during recovery sleep. Among various interneurons, parvalbumin-expressing interneurons specifically exhibited overexcitation during hippocampal SWRs. Our findings suggest that altered hippocampal SWRs and associated spike dynamics during recovery sleep may be candidate network oscillation mechanisms underlying SD-induced memory deficits.
LncRNAs can exhibit crucial roles in the development of multiple cancers, including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, we investigated the role of lncRNA H19 in NSCLC. In our study, it ...was found that H19 was upregulated in A549 and H1299 cells compared to normal lung epithelial BEAS‐2B cells. Meanwhile, we observed that miR‐17 was downregulated in NSCLC cell lines. Inhibited H19 can suppress the growth, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells and bioinformatics search was performed to predict the correlation between H19 and miR‐17. Overexpression of miR‐17 was able to inhibit the progression of NSCLC cells while reversely miR‐17 inhibitors reversed this process. In addition, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3), as an mRNA target of miR‐17, was presented in our research. Moreover, we discovered that H19 demonstrated its biological functions via regulating miR‐17 and STAT3 in vitro. Silencing H19 greatly increased STAT3 expression by sponging miR‐19 in vitro. It was hypothesized that H19 may serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to modulate STAT3 by attaching miR‐17 in lung cancer. In summary, our findings indicated that H19/miR‐17/STAT3 axis participated in NSCLC development. H19 could be regarded as a significant prognostic biomarker in NSCLC progression.
We showed that when H19 was silenced, the progression of NSCLC cells was significantly decreased by increasing miR‐17. A negative correlation between H19 and miR‐17 was suggested in our study, and STAT3 was targeted by miR‐17 in NSCLC progression. To conclude, our findings implied that H19 can be regarded as an oncogene in the promotion of NSCLC development and this is the first report on a novel mechanism for H19 in NSCLC.
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a viable technology to store renewable energy in the form of electricity that can be supplied to electricity grids. However, widespread implementation of traditional ...RFBs, such as vanadium and Zn–Br2 RFBs, is limited due to a number of challenges related to materials, including low abundance and high costs of redox-active metals, expensive separators, active material crossover, and corrosive and hazardous electrolytes. To address these challenges, we demonstrate a neutral aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB) technology utilizing a newly designed cathode electrolyte containing a highly water-soluble ferrocene molecule. Specifically, water-soluble (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (FcNCl, 4.0 M in H2O, 107.2 Ah/L, and 3.0 M in 2.0 NaCl, 80.4 Ah/L) and N 1-ferrocenylmethyl-N 1,N 1,N 2,N 2,N 2-pentamethylpropane-1,2-diaminium dibromide, (FcN 2 Br 2 , 3.1 M in H2O, 83.1 Ah/L, and 2.0 M in 2.0 M NaCl, 53.5 Ah/L) were synthesized through structural decoration of hydrophobic ferrocene with synergetic hydrophilic functionalities including an ammonium cation group and a halide anion. When paired with methyl viologen (MV) as an anolyte, resulting FcNCl/MV and FcN 2 Br 2 /MV AORFBs were operated in noncorrosive neutral NaCl supporting electrolytes using a low-cost anion-exchange membrane. These ferrocene/MV AORFBs are characterized as having high theoretical energy density (45.5 Wh/L) and excellent cycling performance from 40 to 100 mA/cm2. Notably, the FcNCl/MV AORFBs (demonstrated at 7.0 and 9.9 Wh/L) exhibited unprecedented long cycling performance, 700 cycles at 60 mA/cm2 with 99.99% capacity retention per cycle, and delivered power density up to 125 mW/cm2. These AORFBs are built from earth-abundant elements and are environmentally benign, thus representing a promising choice for sustainable and safe energy storage.
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