Multiple resonance (MR) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material is currently a research hotspot in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high color purity and high ...exciton utilization. However, there are only a handful of MR‐TADF emitters with emissions beyond the blue‐to‐green region. The very limited emission colors for MR‐TADF emitters are mainly caused by the fact that so far molecular modifications of MR‐TADF do not offer much change in the emission colors. Here, we report a new approach to modifying a prototypical MR core of DABNA by fusing carbazoles to the MR framework. The carbazole‐fused molecule (TCZ‐F‐DABNA) basically maintains the MR‐dominated features of DABNA while red‐shifting the emission. Its OLED achieves an external quantum efficiency of 39.2 % with a peak at 588 nm, which is a record‐high efficiency for OLEDs with peaks beyond 560 nm. This work provides a new approach for significantly tunning emission colors of MR‐TADF emitters.
A new approach is reported by fusing carbazoles to a MR framework DABNA to significantly redshift emission while maintaining the MR‐dominated features. The carbazole‐fused molecule TCZ‐F‐DABNA can deliver a high PLQY of 99 %. Its OLEDs reached a record‐high EQE of 39.2 %.
•InGaZnO maintains its amorphous characteristics and compositional ratio after irradiation with 100 kGy gamma rays.•The Schottky barrier height for amorphous InGaZnO metal-semiconductor-metal ...photodetectors decreases only marginally when the cumulative dose of gamma rays is increased.•The photoresponse of the amorphous InGaZnO metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors increases slightly as the cumulative dose of gamma rays is increased.
Crystalline semiconductors are durable, but are susceptible to damage by radiation. This study irradiates amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors (PDs) with gamma rays up to 100 kilo-Gray (kGy). The current-voltage (I-V) measurements show that the ideality factor increases slightly and the Schottky barrier height decreases only marginally when the cumulative dose is increased, which demonstrates that a-IGZO retains its electronic characteristics and is not significantly affected by exposure to the maximum cumulative dose. This is attributed to the nature of amorphous phase. The photoresponse of the PDs increases slightly as the cumulative dose is increased. This is because more oxygen vacancies are induced, which produces more electrons and the photocurrent is increased. Therefore, a-IGZO is eminently suited to use as an active layer for radiation-resistant PDs.
Hindered by spectral broadening issues with redshifted emission, long‐wavelength (e.g., maxima beyond 570 nm) multiple resonance (MR) emitters with full width at half maxima (FWHMs) below 20 nm ...remain absent. Herein, by strategically embedding diverse boron (B)/nitrogen (N) atomic pairs into a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) skeleton, we propose a hybrid pattern for the construction of a long‐wavelength narrowband MR emitter. The proof‐of‐concept emitter B4N6‐Me realized orange‐red emission with an extremely small FWHM of 19 nm (energy unit: 70 meV), representing the narrowest FWHM among all reported long‐wavelength MR emitters. Theoretical calculations revealed that the cooperation of the applied para B‐π‐N and para B‐π‐B/N‐π‐N patterns is complementary, which gives rise to both narrowband and redshift characteristics. The corresponding organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) employing B4N6‐Me achieved state‐of‐the‐art performance, e.g., a narrowband orange‐red emission with an FWHM of 27 nm (energy unit: 99 meV), an excellent maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 35.8 %, and ultralow efficiency roll‐off (EQE of 28.4 % at 1000 cd m−2). This work provides new insights into the further molecular design and synthesis of long‐wavelength MR emitters.
A hybrid pattern strategy is proposed, and a proof‐of‐concept multiple resonance emitter containing four boron atoms and six nitrogen atoms, namely, B4N6‐Me, is designed. B4N6‐Me realizes narrowband orange‐red emission with an extremely narrow full width at half maximum of 19 nm (energy unit: 70 meV) and delivers state‐of‐the‐art device performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 35.8 %.
The correlation between molecular packing structure and its room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), hence rational promotion of the intensity, remains unclear. We herein present racemism enhanced RTP ...chiral chromophores by 2,2-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1-napthalene (rac-BINAP) in comparison to its chiral counterparts. The result shows that rac-BINAP in crystal with denser density, consistent with a long standing Wallach's rule, exhibits deeper red RTP at 680 nm than that of the chiral counterparts. The cross packing between alternative R- and S- forms in rac-BINAP crystal significantly retards the bimolecular quenching pathway, triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA), and hence suppresses the non-radiative pathway, boosting the RTP intensity. The result extends the Wallach's rule to the fundamental difference in chiral-photophysics. In electroluminescence, rac-BINAP exhibits more balanced fluorescence versus phosphorescence intensity by comparison with that of photoluminescence, rendering a white-light emission. The result paves an avenue en route for white-light organic light emitting diodes via full exploitation of intrinsic fluorescence and phosphorescence.
Cavity pressure is one of the best indicators of injection molding conditions and thus has been used for quality prediction in the injection molding process. Also, the repeatability of the cavity ...pressure profile at each shot indicates the consistency of the part quality, which is easily affected by environmental changes, such as barrel temperature. To maintain quality consistency (such as part weight and geometrical dimensions) during mass production, this study proposed a novel method of the holding pressure adjustment to control the deviation in the cavity pressure distribution during each shot. Injection molding of a thin‐walled dumbbell‐shaped sample was performed to verify the proposed process, which proved the feasibility of this method for suppressing the influence of the barrel temperature changes on part quality.
A novel method of the holding pressure adjustment to control the deviation in the cavity pressure distribution during each shot was proposed for suppressing the influence of the barrel temperature changes on part quality..
Building blocks and heteroatom alignments are two determining factors in designing multiple resonance (MR)‐type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. Carbazole‐fused MR emitters, ...represented by CzBN derivatives, and the heteroatom alignments of ν‐DABNA are two star series of MR‐TADF emitters that show impressive performances from the aspects of building blocks and heteroatom alignments, respectively. Herein, a novel CzBN analog, Π‐CzBN, featuring ν‐DABNA heteroatom alignment is developed via facile one‐shot lithium‐free borylation. Π‐CzBN exhibits superior photophysical properties with a photoluminescence quantum yield close to 100 % and narrowband sky blue emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 16 nm/85 meV. It also gives efficient TADF properties with a small singlet‐triplet energy offset of 40 meV and a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate of 2.9×105 s−1. The optimized OLED using Π‐CzBN as the emitter achieves an exceptional external quantum efficiency of 39.3 % with a low efficiency roll‐off of 20 % at 1000 cd m−2 and a narrowband emission at 495 nm with FWHM of 21 nm/106 meV, making it one of the best reported devices based on MR emitters with comprehensive performance.
Collocating carbazole building blocks with ν‐DABNA heteroatom alignment, a novel double boron‐embedded multiple resonance emitter Π‐CzBN is obtained and exhibits superior photophysical properties. The corresponding organic light‐emitting diodes based on Π‐CzBN achieve an exceptional efficiency of 39.3 % with a mild roll‐off and a narrow full width at half maximum of 21 nm/106 meV in the bluish‐green region.
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a major public health problem with limited therapeutic options. There is a clear need to identify novel mediators of PF to develop effective therapeutics. Here we ...show that an ER protein disulfide isomerase, thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5), is highly upregulated in the lung tissues from both patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF. Global deletion of
Txndc5
markedly reduces the extent of PF and preserves lung function in mice following BLM treatment. Mechanistic investigations demonstrate that TXNDC5 promotes fibrogenesis by enhancing TGFβ1 signaling through direct binding with and stabilization of TGFBR1 in lung fibroblasts. Moreover, TGFβ1 stimulation is shown to upregulate TXNDC5 via ER stress/ATF6-dependent transcriptional control in lung fibroblasts. Inducing fibroblast-specific deletion of
Txndc5
mitigates the progression of BLM-induced PF and lung function deterioration. Targeting TXNDC5, therefore, could be a novel therapeutic approach against PF.
The purpose of this study was to build a model of machine learning (ML) for the prediction of mortality in patients with isolated moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Hospitalized adult ...patients registered in the Trauma Registry System between January 2009 and December 2015 were enrolled in this study. Only patients with an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≥ 3 points related to head injuries were included in this study. A total of 1734 (1564 survival and 170 non-survival) and 325 (293 survival and 32 non-survival) patients were included in the training and test sets, respectively.
Using demographics and injury characteristics, as well as patient laboratory data, predictive tools (e.g., logistic regression LR, support vector machine SVM, decision tree DT, naive Bayes NB, and artificial neural networks ANN) were used to determine the mortality of individual patients. The predictive performance was evaluated by accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, as well as by area under the curve (AUC) measures of receiver operator characteristic curves. In the training set, all five ML models had a specificity of more than 90% and all ML models (except the NB) achieved an accuracy of more than 90%. Among them, the ANN had the highest sensitivity (80.59%) in mortality prediction. Regarding performance, the ANN had the highest AUC (0.968), followed by the LR (0.942), SVM (0.935), NB (0.908), and DT (0.872). In the test set, the ANN had the highest sensitivity (84.38%) in mortality prediction, followed by the SVM (65.63%), LR (59.38%), NB (59.38%), and DT (43.75%).
The ANN model provided the best prediction of mortality for patients with isolated moderate and severe TBI.
To investigate the species distribution of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) among tuberculosis (TB) specimens collected from January 2013 to December 2018 at Peking Union Medical Hospital ...(Beijing), China. NTM species identification was carried out by DNA microarray chip.
Mycobacterial species were detected in 1514 specimens from 1508 patients, among which NTM accounted for 37.3% (565/1514), increasing from a proportion of 15.6% in 2013 to 46.1% in 2018 (P < 0.001). Among the 565 NTM positive specimens, the majority (55.2%) were from female patients. Furthermore, patients aged 45-65 years accounted for 49.6% of the total patients tested. Among 223 NTM positive specimens characterized further, the majority (86.2%) were from respiratory tract, whilst 3.6 and 3.1% were from lymph nodes and pus, respectively. Mycobacterium intracellulare (31.8%) and Mycobacterium chelonae / Mycobacterium abscessus (21.5%) were the most frequently detected species, followed by M. avium (13.5%), M. gordonae (11.7%), M. kansasii (7.6%), and others.
The proportion of NTM among mycobacterial species detected in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China, increased rapidly from year 2013 to 2018. Middle-aged patients are more likely to be infected with NTM, especially females. Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium chelonae/ Mycobacterium abscessus were the most frequently detected NTM pathogens. Accurate and timely identification of NTM is important for diagnosis and treatment.
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•The MoP/CN samples exhibit superior activity in CO2 reduction and H2 evolution.•The CO2 adsorption and conversion progress is well revealed in the photoreaction.•The efficient ...co-catalyst MoP facilitates the separation and transfer of charges.
Photoreduction CO2 to hydrocarbons and photosplitting water for H2 production are the most promising, sustainable approaches for environmental pollution alleviation and solar-to-chemical energy conversion. However, developing low-cost, high efficient and stable photocatalysts remains a great challenge. Herein, we reported a novel visible-light activated MoP co-catalyst loaded g-C3N4 photocatalyst for CO2 reduction and water splitting under simulated irradiation firstly. Experimental results demonstrated that the composites were highly active and exhibited superior stability. The maximum CO and H2 evolution rates of 0.92 μmol h−1 and 40.38 μmol h−1 were achieved on MoP/CN-15% catalyst, which were 4.5-fold and 74.5-fold higher than the pure g-C3N4, and the corresponding apparent quantum efficiencies (AQE) were 3.5% and 18.3% at 420 nm, respectively. In situ FTIR analysis disclosed the CO2 adsorption and conversion progress, in which the COO− acted as a major intermediate. Furthermore, comprehensive characterization analysis revealed the introduction of MoP facilitated the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and the theoretical calculation by density functional theory (DFT) also confirmed that MoP could effectively separate the photoexcited charges from g-C3N4. Combining with experimental and DFT calculations results, a new way to design cost-effective photocatalysts has been enlightened.
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