Fluorinated polymers exhibit a unique combination of attributes, including chemical inertness, low surface energy, exceptional weather resistance, and intriguing electrical properties. This mini ...review provides an overview of recent advancements in the research of fluorinated polymers, highlighting the development of synthetic strategies for novel fluorinated polymers and their diverse applications in various fields. Traditional fluorinated polyolefins can be modified through chemical methods to produce functional materials. Copolymerization of fluorinated olefins with non-fluorinated monomers effectively addresses synthesis challenges, yielding main-chain fluoro-containing polymers with specific functional groups. Additionally, recent studies have revealed that free radical (co)polymerization of fluorinated (meth)acrylate monomers leads to new fluorinated polymers with enhanced solubility, processability, and structural diversity. Capitalizing on these new synthetic strategies, a range of fluorinated polymer materials has been developed for a multitude of applications, including flexible electrodes, alternating current (AC) electroluminescent devices, energy storage capacitors, triboelectric nanogenerators, and lithium batteries. With their customized structures and excellent properties, fluorinated polymers hold significant promise to uncover more potential applications in the era of flexible and wearable electronics.
Stretchable pressure sensors with high sensitivity and wide pressure-response range are ideal for perceiving physical interactions in human health monitoring, soft robotic applications, and ...human-machine interfaces. However, all existing pressure sensors either show limited stretchability or suffer from narrow response range. Here, we report a highly stretchable ionotronic capacitive pressure sensor (iCPS) that achieves high sensitivity (up to 0.51 kPa
−1
) over a broad pressure range (up to 1 MPa), even under 100% in-plane tensile deformation, enabled by the synergy of a stretchable, bio-inspired microstructured ionogel electrode and a contact area-controlled sensing mechanism. Such sensors show real-time accurate recognition of subtle human physiological signals and identification of object hardness. Moreover, a sensor array with spatial resolution has been fabricated with the successful input of letters in Morse code under different gestures. It is expected that the highly stretchable microstructured ionogel electrodes are widely applicable to other types of stretchable sensors to achieve higher stretchability, together with high sensitivity over a wide response range.
An ionotronic capacitive pressure sensor synergistically combines microstructured ionogel electrodes and a contact area-controlled sensing mechanism, demonstrating high sensitivity, durability and stretchability, broad pressure range, and simple fabrication process.
Petrology and Rock-Eval analyses have been conducted in the lower third and upper fourth members (lower Es3 and upper Es4) of the Shahejie Fm source rock intervals in well Fanye1 in the Dongying Sag, ...Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. The organic matter in rocks intersected by this well is dominated by lamalginite and bituminite, and most samples contain Type I or II kerogen. Microfacies A–H has been identified according to their organic-mineral composition and structure using polished thin sections under microscopy. The form and location of hydrocarbon residue occurrences (mainly as solid bitumen with fluorescence) are different in those microfacies: microfacies A, which is dominant in well Fanye 1, is calcareous mudstone without lamination, and the hydrocarbon residue is dispersed through the rock, with some being present in subtle microfractures. Microfacies B and F are mostly composed of shale, with adsorbed hydrocarbon indicated by fluorescence along mineral grains. Microfacies C is laminated argillaceous carbonate, with hydrocarbon residue mainly occurring in thin microfractures along the bedding plane. Microfacies D and E are mainly carbonate, and microfacies D is laminated with micrite and sparite, and hydrocarbon residue occurrence is not only in the microfractures along the bedding, but also in the micropores among the grains in the sparite layers, which is the main place for hydrocarbon residue occurrence in microfacies type E without lamination. Microfacies G and H are both micrite. Microfacies G shows bioturbation and hydrocarbon residue occurs within small, irregular microfractures along the bedding planes and pores. Only a little solid bitumen without fluorescence has been observed in microfacies H.
The Rock-Eval oil saturation index (OSI) (S1×100/TOC) value is variable because of the different characteristics of these hydrocarbon residue occurrences. OSI values in microfacies A are normally high (74.8–242.8mgHC/g TOC, average of 117.2mgHC/g TOC), and likely much higher if microfractures develop (>200mgHC/g TOC). OSI values (averaging 43.7mgHC/g TOC) are lowest in microfacies F because of adsorption on the shales, and OSI values are the highest in microfacies D (371.3mgHC/g TOC) and E (199.9mgHC/g TOC) since the hydrocarbon residues are stored both in microfractures and pores between the grains. Both OSI values are high in microfacies G and H because of low TOC content. The combination of petrographic and OSI analysis appear to be a promising tool for characterizing shale oil systems.
•Petrology and Rock-Eval analyses have been performed on a lacustrine shale system.•Eight microfacies types have been identified in well Fanye1 in the Jiyang Depression.•Hydrocarbon occurrence and oil saturation indices (OSIs) vary with microfacies type.•Combination microfacies with OSIs are a promising tool for shale oil exploration.
Capacitive pressure sensors capable of replicating human tactile senses have garnered tremendous attention. Introducing microstructures into the dielectric layer is an effective approach to improve ...the sensitivity of the sensors. However, most reported processes to fabricate microstructured dielectric layers are complicated and time-consuming and usually have adverse effects on the mechanical properties. Herein, we report a mechanically strong and highly stretchable dielectric layer fabricated from a microstructured fluorinated elastomer with a high dielectric constant (5.8 at 1000 Hz) via a simple and low-cost thermal decomposition process. Capacitive pressure sensors based on this microstructured fluorinated elastomer dielectric layer and soft ionotronic electrodes illustrate an impressing stretchability (>300%), a high pressure sensitivity (17 MPa–1), a wide detection range (70 Pa–800 kPa), and a fast response time (below 300 ms). Moreover, the multipixel capacitive pressure sensors sensing array maintains the unique spatial tactile sensing performance even under significant tensile deformation. It is believed that our microstructured fluorinated elastomer dielectric layer might find wide applications in stretchable ionotronic devices.
Three-dimensional (3D) extrusion bioprinting has emerged as one of the most promising biofabrication technologies for preparing biomimetic tissue-like constructs. The successful construction of ...cell-laden constructs majorly relies on the development of proper bioinks with excellent printability and cytocompatibility. Bioinks based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) have been widely explored due to the excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability and the presence of the arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) sequences for cell adhesion. However, such bioinks usually require low-temperature or ionic cross-linking systems to solidify the extruded hydrogel structures, which results in complex processes and limitations to certain applications. Moreover, many current hydrogel-based bioinks, even after chemical cross-linking, hardly possess the required strength to resist the mechanical loads during the implantation procedure. Herein, we report a self-healing hydrogel bioink based on GelMA and oxidized dextran (OD) for the direct printing of tough and fatigue-resistant cell-laden constructs at room temperature without any template or cross-linking agents. Enabled by dynamic Schiff base chemistry, the mixed GelMA/OD solution showed the characteristics of a dynamic hydrogel with shear-thinning and self-supporting behavior, which allows bridging the 5 mm gap and efficient direct bioprinting of complex constructs with high shape fidelity. After photo-cross-linking, the resulting tissue constructs exhibited excellent low cell damage, high cell viability, and enhanced mechanical strength. Moreover, the GelMA/OD construct could resist up to 95% compressive deformation without any breakage and was able to maintain 80% of the original Young’s modulus during long-term loading (50 cycles). It is believed that our GelMA/OD bioink would expand the potential of GelMA-based bioinks in applications such as tissue engineering and pharmaceutical screening.
With the development of the Internet era and the information age, electronic information technology has profoundly affected human life and work, and the architectural design industry is no exception. ...Architectural design has a complex design period, and the arbitrary division of labour reflects the particularity of its working process. At present, the integration of electronic information technology and scientific and technological software into architectural design has dramatically improved the work efficiency of designers. However, due to the enormous workload of drawing and modification of building drawings, and many professional departments involved in cooperation, the error rate of drawing design is still high, which eventually leads to a series of serious problems such as stagnation of the design process and rework of construction. However, due to the enormous workload of drawing and modification of building drawings, and many professional departments involved in cooperation, the error rate of drawing design is still high, which eventually leads to a series of serious problems such as stagnation of the design process and rework of construction. The BIM building information model system is an electronic information platform for comprehensive architectural design majors. It can integrate the design drawings of various majors in the design process, correct the design problems caused by inaccurate pictures at the first time, and reduce the errors in the design process. Through the BIM system and Python programming software, cross-platform cooperation is carried out to carry out computer deep learning and a series of extra design work. This paper puts forward the interior design method of the BIM system and shows the research work of interior design by the BIM building information platform through practical cases. By comparing with traditional design methods, the advantages of this technology in interior design are demonstrated, and a reference for future interior design informatization is provided.
Information transduction
via
soft strain sensors under harsh conditions such as marine, oily liquid, vacuum, and extreme temperatures without excess encapsulation facilitates modern scientific and ...military exploration. However, most reported soft strain sensors struggle to meet these requirements, especially in complex environments. Herein, a class of fluorine-rich ionogels with tunable ultimate strain, high conductivity, and multi-environment tolerance are designed. Abundant ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions lead to excellent miscibility between the hydrophobic ionic liquid and the fluorinated polyacrylate matrix, as well as adhesion to diverse substrates in amphibious environments. The ionogel-based sensors, even in encapsulation-free form, exhibit stable operation with a negligible hysteresis (as low as 0.119%) and high sensitivity (gauge factor of up to 6.54) under amphibious conditions. Multi-environment sensing instances in contact and even contactless forms are also demonstrated. This study opens the door for the artificial syntheses of multi-environment tolerance ionic skins with robust sensing applications in soft electronics and robotics.
Encapsulation-free strain sensors are realized using fluorine-rich ionogels with abundant ion-dipole interactions, which feature multi-environment tolerance, high sensitivity, ultralow hysteresis, and enable contact or contactless sensing underwater.
Comprehensive Summary
With the rapid growth of soft electronic and ionotronic devices such as artificial tissues, soft luminescent devices, soft robotics, and human‐machine interfaces, there is a ...demanding need to accelerate the development of soft ionic conductive materials. To date, the first‐generation ionotronic devices are mainly based on hydrogels or ionogels. However, due to their intrinsic drawbacks, such as freezing or volatilization at extreme temperatures, and the leakage problem under external mechanical forces, the reliability of ionotronic devices under harsh conditions remains a great challenge. The advent of liquid‐free ionic conductive elastomers (ICEs) has the potentials to solve the issues related to the gel‐type soft conductive materials. The free ions shuttling within the ion‐dissolvable polymer network enable liquid‐free ICEs to exhibit unparalleled ionic conductivity and elasticity. Moreover, by tuning the composition and structure of the polymeric network, it is also feasible to integrate other desirable properties, such as self‐healing ability, transparency, biocompatibility, and stimulus responsiveness, into liquid‐free ICE materials. In this review, we summarize the design strategies of recently reported liquid‐free ICEs, and further explore the methods to introduce multifunctionality, which originate from the rational molecular design and/or the synergy with other materials. Moreover, we highlight the representative applications of liquid‐free ICEs in soft ionotronics. It is believed that liquid‐free ICEs might provide a unique material platform for the next‐generation ionotronics.
In this review, we summarize the design strategies of recently reported liquid‐free ICEs, and further explore the methods to introduce multifunctionality, which originate from the rational molecular design and/or the synergy with other materials. Moreover, we highlight the representative applications of liquid‐free ICEs in soft ionotronics. It is believed that liquid‐free ICEs might provide a unique material platform for the next‐generation ionotronics.
Bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway in which one or more proximal bronchi （diameter greater than 2 mm） are irreversibly dilated caused by a variety of causes. ...Bronchiectasis is mainly caused by infection, and infection can induce bronchiectasis instead, which exert mutual effect. Bacteria have been proven as the major pathogens of infection by multiple studies. Aspergillus colonization is relatively rare in patients with bronchiectasis, whereas the pathogenesis remains elusive. Nevertheless, the incidence of pulmonary aspergillosis has been on the rise in recent years, especially in bronchiectasis patients complicated with infection. In addition, vitamin D level in bronchiectasis patients has been confirmed to be negatively correlated with the severity. However, relevant studies have seldom been reported. In this article, the relationship of bronchiectasis and pulmonary aspergillosis, their diagnosis and treatment were investigated, aiming to provide theoretical evidence for relevan
