Abstract In pressurized pipeline systems, accurate prediction of water hammer pressure is crucial for ensuring safe system operation. When the boundary conditions are unknown and measured data is ...sparse, both traditional methods fully based on physical equations and data-driven neural network methods have difficulty in accurately predicting water hammer pressure. The physics-informed neural network (PINN) overcomes these challenges by simultaneously incorporating measured data and physical equations during the network training process. However, PINN has uncertainties and their impact on the accuracy of pressure prediction is not yet clear. In this study, the valve closing water hammer in a reservoir-pipeline-valve system is taken as the research object, we investigate the influence of the uncertainty of physics and data in the PINN on prediction accuracy by using water hammer equations with various friction models and training data with various noise levels. The results show that using the water hammer equation with the Brunone model, the PINN model has higher prediction accuracy. Furthermore, data noise levels less than 10% have a relatively small impact on pressure prediction accuracy, indicating that the PINN model has good robustness in terms of data noise levels.
Due to the lack of sufficient elasticity and strain sensing capability, protein-based ultrafine fibrous tissue engineering scaffolds, though favorable for skin repair, can hardly fulfill on-spot ...wound monitoring during healing. Herein, we designed highly elastic corn protein ultrafine fibrous smart scaffolds with a three-layer structure for motion tracking at an unpackaged state. The densely cross-linked protein networks were efficiently established by introducing a highly reactive epoxy and provided the fiber substrates with wide-range stretchability (360% stretching range) and ultrahigh elasticity (99.91% recovery rate) at a wet state. With the assistance of the polydopamine bonding layer, a silver conductive sensing layer was built on the protein fibers and endowed the scaffolds with wide strain sensing range (264%), high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 210.55), short response time (<70 ms), reliable cycling stability, and long-lasting duration (up to 30 days). The unpackaged smart scaffolds could not only support cell growth and accelerate wound closure but also track motions on skin and in vivo and trigger alarms once excessive wound deformations occurred. These features not only confirmed the great potential of these smart scaffolds for applications in tissue reconstruction and wound monitoring but also proved the possibility of employing various plant protein ultrafine fibers as flexible bioelectronics.
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•Dafang granitoid zircon U-Pb ages related to coeval magmatic and metallogenic events.•Dafand granitoid mainly derived from Paleoproterozoic middle-lower crust.•Pb-Zn and W-Sn ...metallogenic variations are determined by magmatic source, redox state and evolution degree.•Oxidized and reduced magmas related to Pb-Zn and W-Sn deposits, respectively.
The Nanling Metallogenic Belt (NMB) in South China contains huge amounts of Middle to Late Jurassic granitoid-related polymetallic Pb-Zn and W-Sn deposits. Whether there is a link between granitoid genesis and mineral species and what specific factors control the metallogenic specialization remained unclear. Herein, we presented a systematic investigation on the Dafang Pb-Zn ore-causative intrusion, and then placed it into the compiled comprehensive dataset of the NMB ore-hosting granitoids aiming to reveal the magmatic control on the Pb-Zn and W-Sn metallogenic variations in South China. Our results illustrate that the Dafang granitoid is potassic, alkaline (Na2O + K2O: 5.84 % to 7.87 wt%) and meta-luminous (A/CNK: 0.75 to 1.01), with middle SiO2 content (60.59–65.15 wt%), displaying an analogous nature of I-type granitoids. Trace elements of all samples are characterized by a significant enrichment in LREEs, Pb, and K, and a strong depletion of HREEs, HFSEs as well as Ba. Further zircon U-Pb dating yields a concordant age of 157.0 ± 0.8 Ma (MSWD = 1.1), consisting with the Jurassic magmatic-hydrothermal activities in the NMB. Their negative εHf(t) values (−6.7 to −10.2) and two-stage Hf model ages (1.6 to 1.7 Ga) suggest that the Dafang granitoid intrusion was generated from the partial melting of a Paleoproterozoic middle-lower crust. By comparing the Dafang with other NMB ore-causative granitoids in the comprehensive dataset, we investigated two types of ore-causative granitoids, i.e., the Pb-Zn- and W-Sn-mineralized granitoids, with distinct magmatic source, redox state and evolution degree. The Pb-Zn-bearing granitoids predominantly generated from amphibolite with a high oxygen fugacity (Ce4+/Ce3+: average 104.8, n = 55) and low differentiation degree (Rb/Sr: average 0.8, n = 60; Nb/Ta: average 12.5, n = 62). In contrast, the W-Sn metallogenic granitoids originated from metasedimentary rocks with a relatively lower oxygen fugacity (Ce4+/Ce3+: average 46.7, n = 258) and higher differentiation degree (Rb/Sr: average 59.0, n = 139; Nb/Ta: average 5.3, n = 156). Collectively, we conclude the Pb-Zn and W-Sn metallogenic variations in the NMB (South China) are jointly determined by magmatic sources, oxygen fugacity and differentiation degree.
To improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnoses and avoid over- or undertreatment, we aimed to develop and compare computed tomography-based radiomics machine learning models for the prediction of ...histological invasiveness using sub-centimeter subsolid pulmonary nodules. Three predictive models based on radiomics were built using three machine learning classifiers to discriminate the invasiveness of the sub-centimeter subsolid pulmonary nodules. A total of 203 sub-centimeter nodules from 177 patients were collected and assigned randomly to the training set (
= 143) or test set (
= 60). The areas under the curve of the predictive models were 0.743 (95% confidence interval CI 0.661-0.824) for the logistic regression, 0.828 (95% CI 0.76-0.896) for the support vector machine, and 0.917 (95% CI 0.869-0.965) for the XGBoost classifier models in the training set, and 0.803 (95% CI 0.694-0.913), 0.726 (95% CI 0.598-0.854), and 0.874 (95% CI 0.776-0.972) in the test set, respectively. In addition, the decision curve showed that the XGBoost model added more net benefit within the range of 0.06 to 0.93.
Both dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP) have worldwide-scale commercial applications, resulting in their co-pollution in the ecosystems and posing ...combined health risks. However, there is a lack of toxicity studies for the interactions of DDT and TiO2 NP in the environmental relevant concentrations. In this study, we characterized the coexposures using a zebrafish waterborne exposure approach and evaluated the neurotoxicity response of the treated embryos or adults. Our results showed that DDT/TiO2 NP coexposure enhanced the DDT accumulation in vivo and increased the larval locomotor. The chronic DDT/TiO2 NP coexposure did not affect the overall survival rate, sex ratio and growth. However, DDT/TiO2 NP coexposure severely affected the adult locomotor activity, social contact, shoaling and aggressive behaviors compared to single treatment groups or controls. These adult behavioral deficits were accompanied by changes in neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH) level in the brain and muscle tissues, as well as neural development genes expression activation of growth-associated protein 43 (gap43) and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (sv2) in the brain. The significantly increased ACH level and the activated neural genes expression in the DDT/TiO2 NP co-exposed fish may account for the observed hyperactivity and social deficits.
•DDT/TiO2 NP coexposure enhanced the compound bio-accumulation in zebrafish.•The coexposure induced zebrafish hyperactivity and social deficit.•The activation of neurotransmitter ACH and neural genes accounted for neurotoxicity.
Background To investigate the prognostic significance of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) ...and develop nomogram models for predicting overall survival (OS), intravesical recurrence (IVR), and extra-urothelial recurrence (EUR). Methods We retrospectively studied the clinical and pathological features of 195 patients who underwent RNU for UTUC. All patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (99 cases) and a validation cohort (96 cases). The training cohort was used to develop nomogram models, and the models were validated by the validation cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Cox regression were performed to identify independent predictors. The concordance index (C-index), receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis, and calibration plot were used to evaluate the reliability of the models. The clinical utility compared with the pathological T stage was assessed using the net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results SII was an independent risk factor in predicting OS and EUR. The C-index values of the nomogram predicting OS, IVR, and EUR were 0.675, 0.702, and 0.756 in the training cohort and 0.715, 0.756, and 0.713 in the validation cohort. A high level of SII was correlated with the invasion of the mucosa, muscle layer of the ureter, nerves, vessels, and fat tissues. Conclusion We developed nomogram models to predict the OS, IVR, and EUR of UTUC patients. The efficacy of these models was substantiated through internal validation, demonstrating favorable discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. A high level of SII was associated with both worse OS and shorter EUR-free survival. Keywords: Systemic immune-inflammation index, Upper tract urothelial carcinoma, Extraurothelial recurrence, Radical nephroureterectomy, Risk factor
Objective: To assess the prognostic value of preoperative blood-based inflammation biomarkers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and ...lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), on the survival outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Methods: We retrospectively studied the data of 172 patients who were diagnosed with UTUC after RNU during 2008 to 2018. We determined the cut-off value by using X-tile software. The area under the curve (AUC) and concordance index (C-index) were utilized to compare the predictive accuracy between subgroups. We also performed decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate the clinical net benefit of prognostic models. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to evaluate the association between these inflammation biomarkers and survival outcomes. Results: The median follow-up period was 45.5 (range: 1-143; interquartile range, IQR: 27-77) months. Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that a high NLR or PLR significantly reduced overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS), and a low LMR markedly decreased RFS and MFS. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the NLR plus PLR was an independent predictor of worse survival (all P < .05). Additionally, the AUC and C-index of the new prognostic models were the largest for the 1- to 5-year OS, CSS, RFS, and MFS were the largest. Conclusion: Our study confirms that the combination of preoperative NLR and PLR could be an independent risk factor for UTUC patients who have undergone RNU. The addition of NLR and PLR may improve the accuracy of current prognostic models and help guide clinical strategies in the treatment of UTUC.
The present study aimed to assess current evidence on the effectiveness and safety of minimally invasive vs. standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the management of renal stones. A ...systematic search of electronic databases, which included PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library up to May 2019 was performed. Using Review Manager statistical software (version 5.3), primary outcomes, including stone-free rates (SFRs), were evaluated. Meanwhile, analysis was also performed to compare secondary outcomes, such as peri- and postoperative complications and operative data. Fourteen studies involving 1,611 patients with renal stones were analyzed based on the inclusion criteria. On the basis of the present analysis, mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) was proven to have non-inferior clinical efficacy with respect to the SFR compared with PCNL odds ratio (OR)=1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84-1.44; P=0.48. In addition, the meta-analysis showed that MPCNL had a significantly lower hemoglobin decrease mean difference (MD)=-0.68; 95% CI, -1.05 to -0.31; P=0.0003 and fewer blood transfusions (OR=0.36; 95% CI, 0.18-0.71; P=0.003) compared with PCNL. Moreover, the MPCNL group had a shorter inpatient stay (MD=-0.81; 95% CI, -1.55 to -0.08; P=0.03) compared with the PCNL group. However, the overall evidence was insufficient to suggest a statistically significant difference in the adverse event profile for MPCNL compared with PCNL. The present meta-analysis indicates that MPCNL is an effective method for treating renal stones. Compared with PCNL, MPCNL not only has similarly high SFRs but is also associated with less blood loss, fewer blood transfusions, more favorable recovery time and shorter inpatient stays. However, the findings of the present study should be further confirmed by well-designed prospective randomized controlled trials with a larger patient series.
Objective
This study aimed to establish and validate nomograms to predict the probability of intravesical recurrence (IVR) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper urinary tract epithelial ...carcinoma (UTUC).
Methods
Clinical data of 528 patients with UTUC after RNU were collected from two medical centers between 2009 and 2020. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to select variables for multivariable Cox regression analysis in the training cohort and included independent risk factors into nomogram models predicting IVR-free survival (IVRFS). Another center was applied as the external cohort to validate the predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram by performing area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), consistency index (C-index), and calibration curve.
Results
History of bladder cancer, tumor size, preoperative urine cytology, postoperative instillation, Ki-67, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were identified as independent risk factors for IVR. The prognosis model including these predictors demonstrated excellent discriminatory performance in both the training cohort (C-index, 0.814) and external validation cohort (C-index, 0.748). The calibration plots of the nomogram revealed good consistency in both cohorts. Finally, patients could be classified into two risk groups based on scores obtained from the nomogram, with significant differences in IVRFS.
Conclusion
Our study provided a reliable nomogram for predicting the probability of IVR in patients with UTUC after RNU. Risk stratification based on this model may assist urologists make optimal clinical decisions on the management of UTUC.
To assess the current evidence on the effectiveness and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) under regional anaesthesia (RA) compared with the effectiveness and safety of RIRS under general ...anaesthesia (GA).
A systematic search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, CNKI and the Cochrane Library through May 2020. Two reviewers searched the literature, independently extracted data and evaluated the study quality based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data analysis was performed with the software program Review Manager 5.3.
Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 580 patients were included in the analysis. The pooled data showed that RIRS under RA achieved a similar stone-free rate (SFR) as that under GA (risk ratio (RR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91, 1.02; p = 0.22) but reduced the postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score (mean difference (MD) −0.86, 95% CI -1.29, −0.42; p = 0.0001). No significant differences were observed in terms of operation duration (MD 1.71, 95% CI -10.61,14.03; p = 0.79) or hospital stay (MD 0.08, 95% CI -0.18, 0.34; p = 0.54). In addition, the evidence was insufficient to suggest a significant difference in the occurrence of complications associated with RA compared with those associated with GA.
Our findings suggest that RA is an effective and safe anaesthesia method for RIRS. Compared with GA, RA is associated with less postoperative pain. Moreover, patients may benefit from RA in terms of economic factors. Nevertheless, large-sample, multi-centric RCTs with strict standards should be performed to confirm these findings.
•This is the first meta-analysis to assess different anesthesia techniques in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).•Regional anaesthesia (RA) is an effective and safe anaesthesia method for RIRS.•Compared with general anaesthesia (GA), patients may benefit from RA in economic factors.
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