Research on self-concept, attributions, anxiety, depression, and suicide among adolescents with learning disability is examined for the purpose of detecting consistency of emotional and developmental ...indicators. Analysis indicates that these students appear to be at increased risk for severe depression and suicide. (Author/DB)
This study investigated the effect of a concrete, semi-concrete, abstract (CSA) teaching sequence on the algebraic word problem solving performance of three students with Learning Disabilities (LD). ...The research was conducted in an applied setting by the investigator. Each subject received individual criterion-based training. Three levels of instruction were included in this investigation. During concrete instruction, students learned to represent problems with Algebra Lab Gear. Next, students represented problems with manipulatives and drew pictures of the representations during semi-concrete instruction. In the third phase, students represented problems with Algebra Lab Gear, drew pictures of the representations, wrote algebraic equations, and solved algebraic equations. An intermittent multiple probe across individuals design showed the effectiveness of this strategy. Conditions of the experiment included baseline, concrete instruction, semi-concrete instruction, abstract instruction, setting generalization, near-transfer, far-transfer, and temporal generalization. Visual analysis of the data indicated that the CSA teaching sequence was an effective intervention for this sample of adolescents with LD. All three students reached the criterion of 100% accuracy over three consecutive sessions. Skills were maintained for a maximum of nine weeks. Students transferred what they had learned to problems of the same difficulty level but different surface structure, to problems of a more difficult mathematical structure, and to different settings. The three subjects and their mathematics teachers evaluated the training positively. Educational implications and recommendations for future research were presented.
THE AUTHOR, ONE OF THE FOREMOST ORGINATORS OF THE DEPENDENCY FRAMEWORK IN MARXIST ANALYSIS, POSES THE QUESTION OF IMPERIALISM AND PEASANTRY IN 3 STAGES OF PERUVIAN DEVELOPMENT: SEMICOLONIAL ...(1890-1945), TRANSITIONAL (19451968), AND COMTEMPORARY. HIS FOCUS IS ON THE IMPACT OF THE AGRARIAN REFORM IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF GEN, JUAN VALASCO ALVERADO UPON PERUVIAN RURAL CLASS STRUCTURE.
Extracellular adenosine is a key immunosuppressive metabolite that restricts activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and impairs antitumor immune responses. Here, we show that engagement of A2A adenosine ...receptor (A2AR) acts as a checkpoint that limits the maturation of natural killer (NK) cells. Both global and NK-cell-specific conditional deletion of A2AR enhanced proportions of terminally mature NK cells at homeostasis, following reconstitution, and in the tumor microenvironment. Notably, A2AR-deficient, terminally mature NK cells retained proliferative capacity and exhibited heightened reconstitution in competitive transfer assays. Moreover, targeting A2AR specifically on NK cells also improved tumor control and delayed tumor initiation. Taken together, our results establish A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling as an intrinsic negative regulator of NK-cell maturation and antitumor immune responses. On the basis of these findings, we propose that administering A2AR antagonists concurrently with NK cell-based therapies may heighten therapeutic benefits by augmenting NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity.
Ablating adenosine signaling is found to promote natural killer cell maturation and antitumor immunity and reduce tumor growth.
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Summary Background Although the association between cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat length and age at onset of Huntington's disease is well known, improved prediction of onset would be ...advantageous for clinical trial design and prognostic counselling. We compared various measures for tracking progression and predicting conversion to manifest Huntington's disease. Methods In this prospective observational study, we assessed the ability of 40 measures in five domains (motor, cognitive, psychiatric, functional, and imaging) to predict time to motor diagnosis of Huntington's disease, accounting for CAG repeat length, age, and the interaction of CAG repeat length and age. Eligible participants were individuals from the PREDICT-HD study (from 33 centres in six countries USA, Canada, Germany, Australia, Spain, UK) with the gene mutation for Huntington's disease but without a motor diagnosis (a rating below 4 on the diagnostic confidence level from the 15-item motor assessment of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale). Participants were followed up between September, 2002, and July, 2014. We used joint modelling of longitudinal and survival data to examine the extent to which baseline and change of measures analysed separately was predictive of CAG-adjusted age at motor diagnosis. Findings 1078 individuals with a CAG expansion were included in this analysis. Participants were followed up for a mean of 5·1 years (SD 3·3, range 0·0–12·0). 225 (21%) of these participants received a motor diagnosis of Huntington's disease during the study. 37 of 40 cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical and imaging measures were significant predictors of motor diagnosis beyond CAG repeat length and age. The strongest predictors were in the motor, imaging, and cognitive domains: an increase of one SD in total motor score (motor domain) increased the risk of a motor diagnosis by 3·07 times (95% CI 2·26–4·16), a reduction of one SD in putamen volume (imaging domain) increased risk by 3·32 times (2·37–4·65), and a reduction of one SD in Stroop word score (cognitive domain) increased risk by 2·32 times (1·88–2·87). Interpretation Prediction of diagnosis of Huntington's disease can be improved beyond that obtained by CAG repeat length and age alone. Such knowledge about potential predictors of manifest Huntington's disease should inform discussions about guidelines for diagnosis, prognosis, and counselling, and might be useful in guiding the selection of participants and outcome measures for clinical trials. Funding US National Institutes of Health, US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and CHDI Foundation.
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