Overconfidence has been reported to be a common bias among entrepreneurs and might be one cause of the high failure rates observed for new ventures. In this study, we investigate the overconfidence ...bias in a sample of 92 Austrian entrepreneurs, who responded to a general-knowledge questionnaire. Their levels of overconfidence were assessed by their responses to hard, medium and easy knowledge questions, and the relations of individual, organizational and environmental factors to the bias score were analyzed. The results confirmed that entrepreneurs are indeed prone to expressing overprecision, a type of overconfidence, but not when answering questions of all levels of difficulty. Being a single founder instead of a co-founder was identified as a significant predictor of overconfidence. Confidence, on the other hand, was associated with age and prior entrepreneurial experience, while accuracy was determined solely by age. The results of this study only partly agree with those of previous studies conducted in different national and cultural settings.
Namen raziskave je pregledati nagnjenost k ohranjanju obstoječega stanja in ukrepe za preoblikovanje med študenti poslovnih ved, v poskusu, da bi razumeli vlogo teh ukrepov na podjetniško odločanje ...študentov, ter s končnim ciljem, da bi ugotovili, ali lahko z uporabo izobraževalnega ukrepa v smeri inovativnosti in sprejemanja sprememb vplivamo na podjetniško razmišljanje študentov. Čeprav so navedene raziskovalne teme že bile obravnavane ločeno in pretežno v nepodjetniškem kontekstu, je cilj naše raziskave povezati te enake teme v skupno študijo z laboratorijskim poskusom v izobraževalnem kontekstu, ki vključuje univerzitetne študente poslovnih ved. Eksperimentalna študija vključuje vzorec več kot 200 dodiplomskih študentov tretjega ali četrtega letnika študijskega programa menedžment na Univerzi Svetega Cirila in Metoda v Skopju. Na splošno ugotovimo, da so študentje v 7 od skupno 18 primerov znatno nagnjeni k ohranjanju obstoječega stanja, kar nakazuje na zmerno raven ohranjanja obstoječega stanja. Rezultati drugega dela naše študije pokažejo močan vpliv preoblikovalnega ukrepa na premagovanje pristranskosti do ohranjanja obstoječega stanja. V vsakem primeru naša raziskava predstavlja edinstven prispevek, ki ponudi praktičen primer pristopanja podjetniškemu učenju v obliki ukrepa v smeri inovativnosti in sprejemanja sprememb med študenti poslovnih šol in univerz.
Behavioral economics insights are widely applied by policymakers worldwide, but the private sector seems to be still not fully embracing them. This opens up a new research field and there is a ...salient call among researchers and practitioners for accumulation of evidence-based nudge interventions at the workplace. This paper reviews studies that apply behavioral economics insights in an organizational setting. The reviewed workplace interventions are based on reminders, default nudges, implementation intentions and priming. There are important take-home messages for human resource practitioners from this relatively novel research stream which has already helped policymakers improve individual and societal welfare worldwide.
Overconfidence has been reported to be a common bias among entrepreneurs and might be one cause of the high failure rates observed for new ventures. In this study, we investigate the overconfidence ...bias in a sample of 92 Austrian entrepreneurs, who responded to a general-knowledge questionnaire. Their levels of overconfidence were assessed by their responses to hard, medium and easy knowledge questions, and the relations of individual, organizational and environmental factors to the bias score were analyzed. The results confirmed that entrepreneurs are indeed prone to expressing overprecision, a type of overconfidence, but not when answering questions of all levels of difficulty. Being a single founder instead of a co-founder was identified as a significant predictor of overconfidence. Confidence, on the other hand, was associated with age and prior entrepreneurial experience, while accuracy was determined solely by age. The results of this study only partly agree with those of previous studies conducted in different national and cultural settings.
Entrepreneurial decision-making is often characterized by unrealistic optimism. This so-called “overconfidence bias” has consequently received an increasing amount attention from the authors of ...literature on entrepreneurship research. Most empirical studies, however, that target the overconfidence bias have been conducted with students or samples from the general population. This study contributes to the entrepreneurial decision-making literature by explicitly targeting entrepreneurs from Austria and North Macedonia (n = 187), defined as individuals who have started their own businesses or are in the process of doing so. The entrepreneurs were asked to complete a general-knowledge questionnaire and to estimate the accuracy of their answers. The results suggest that the most of these entrepreneurs exhibit overconfidence (and some, underconfidence) with regard to the accuracy of their knowledge. Significant differences were observed between the bias scores and confidence scores of the Austrian and Macedonian respondents, but not the accuracy scores. The so-called “hard-easy effect,” which indicates that individuals display overconfidence when answering hard questions, but underconfidence when answering easy questions, was observed among the Austrian but not among the Macedonian entrepreneurs.
Antecedents of entrepreneurial intention Debarliev, Stojan; Janeska-Iliev, Aleksandra; Bozhinovska, Tihona ...
Business and Economic Horizons,
01/2015, Letnik:
11, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
This study is designed to examine the effect of the three motivational factors/the intention antecedents proposed in the theory of planed behavior (abbreviated TPB): personal attitude, subjective ...norm and perceived behavioral control, including a control group of variables on the entrepreneurial intention in the specific economic and cultural settings, in our case in the Republic of Macedonia. The research includes 440 respondents. In order to test the hypotheses the data was examined using hierarchical regression. The applicability of the TPB in the context of entrepreneurship has received empirical support in this study, as well. The three independent variables: personal attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have a positive impact on entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, results only partially support the influence of the control group of variables.
This study is designed to examine the effect of the three motivational factors/the intention antecedents proposed in the theory of planed behavior (abbreviated TPB): personal attitude, subjective ...norm and perceived behavioral control, including a control group of variables on the entrepreneurial intention in the specific economic and cultural settings, in our case in the Republic of Macedonia. The research includes 440 respondents. In order to test the hypotheses the data was examined using hierarchical regression. The applicability of the TPB in the context of entrepreneurship has received empirical support in this study, as well. The three independent variables: personal attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have a positive impact on entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, results only partially support the influence of the control group of variables.
To evaluate the knowledge level and knowledge acquisition of HPV infection and HPV vaccination among medical students- adolescents and young adults, in North Macedonia.
Cross-sectional questionnaire ...survey.
Medical Faculty at two main Universities in the country (Ss Cyril and Methodius University in the capitol of the country Skopje and University Goce Delčev in Štip). Participants: Medical students: basic cycle- adolescents (I, II and III year of study) and final cycleyoung adults (IV, V and VI year of study).
Participants completed an anonymous confidential 10-minute questionnaire. A "good level" of knowledge was considered if 80% of the questions were correct. The SPSS program, t-test, ANOVA have been used for data processing, with each value of p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Knowledge acquisition was considered when adolescents’ knowledge was less than 80% and young adults’ knowledge was above 80%.
Data on knowledge about HPV infection and HPV vaccines, barriers and acceptability of the vaccines.
Responses from 207 medical students were analysed, 121 (58.5%) adolescents and 86 (41.5%) young adults. Most of them were female (173- 83.6%), with Macedonian nationality (168- 81.2%) and 172 (83.5%) got their knowledge from school. Higher knowledge gaps were assessed among female medical students, 0.8% higher than males PR 1.008 (0.94, 1.08), among adolescents, 9.2% higher compared to young adults 1.092 (1.0: 1.15) and insignificantly among unvaccinated students, 3.3% higher than vaccinated students 1.033 (0.98: 1.09). There was no knowledge acquisition in elemental questions, important for acquiring firm attitude and exact information on the evaluated topic.
Knowledge level of medical students should be improved, particularly among adolescents, as well as their knowledge acquisition during medical studies. These future healthcare specialists have essential role in raising awareness on HPV infection and its primary tool of prevention- HPV vaccine.
Table 1. Knowledge level and knowledge acquisition of HPV infection and HPV vaccine among medical students in North Macedonia
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