(1) Background: Hibernation in pens covered with LFC was associated with high mortality of C. aspersum snails in Romanian snail farms. This three-year study aimed to develop a simple, but effective ...system for protecting breeders in colder climates. (2) Methods: The first phase investigated the (pre)hibernal burrowing behavior and the overwintering habitat choice. Protective structures based on straw, LFC, and/or HDPE were tested at pilot level (no snails). The most suitable system was applied under farm conditions. (3) Results: Wood and ridge-tile micro shelters were significantly preferred to corrugated iron micro shelters. Burrowing specimens acted as shallow-burrowers, and this behaviorwas significantly more common for looser soils. All pilot systems displayed significantly higher thermal protection efficiency compared to the sole use of LFC. The balance between straw moistening and thermal protection favored using structure soil/LFC/straw/10-cm air cushion/HDPE. Its use yielded significantly higher survival compared to the sole use of LFC. Most hibernating snails clustered together in large groups, attached on the lower surface of micro shelters. Predator occurrence appeared to marginally affect overwintering survival. (4) Conclusions: The “sandwich” system could be an effective solution for overwintering mature C. aspersum snails in colder climates.
remains the most prevalent foodborne pathogen bacterium responsible for causing gastroenteritis worldwide. Specifically, this pathogen colonises a ubiquitous range of environments, from poultry, ...companion pets and livestock animals to humans. The bacterium is uniquely adaptable to various niches, leading to complicated gastroenteritis and, in some cases, difficult to treat due to elevated resistance to certain antibiotics. This increased resistance is currently detected via genomic, clinical or epidemiological studies, with the results highlighting worrying multi-drug resistant (MDR) profiles in many food and clinical isolates. The
genome encodes a rich inventory of virulence factors offering the bacterium the ability to influence host immune defences, survive antimicrobials, form biofilms and ultimately boost its infection-inducing potential. The virulence traits responsible for inducing clinical signs are not sufficiently defined because several populations have ample virulence genes with physiological functions that reflect their pathogenicity differences as well as a complement of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) systems. Therefore, exhaustive knowledge of the virulence factors associated with
is crucial for collecting molecular insights into the infectivity processes, which could pave the way for new therapeutical targets to combat and control the infection and mitigate the spread of MDR bacteria. This review provides an overview of the spread and prevalence of genetic determinants associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance from studies performed on livestock animals. In addition, we have investigated the relevant coincidental associations between the prevalence of the genes responsible for pathogenic virulence, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and transmissibility of highly pathogenic
strains.
Abstract
Eimeria tenella
and
Eimeria bovis
are complex parasites responsible for the condition of coccidiosis, that invade the animal gastrointestinal intestinal mucosa causing severe diarrhoea, loss ...of appetite or abortions, with devastating impacts on the farming industry. The negative impacts of these parasitic infections are enhanced by their role in promoting the colonisation of the gut by common foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to test the anti-Eimeria efficacy of maltodextrin, sodium chloride, citric acid, sodium citrate, silica, malic acid, citrus extract, and olive extract individually, in vitro and in combination, in vivo. Firstly, in vitro infection models demonstrated that antimicrobials reduced (p < 0.05), both singly and in combination (AG), the ability of
E. tenella
and
E. bovis
to infect MDBK and CLEC-213 epithelial cells, and the virulence reduction was similar to that of the anti-coccidial drug Robenidine. Secondly, using an in vivo broiler infection model, we demonstrated that AG reduced (p = 0.001)
E. tenella
levels in the caeca and excreted faeces, reduced inflammatory oxidative stress, improved the immune response through reduced ROS, increased Mn-SOD and SCFA levels. Levels of IgA and IgM were significantly increased in caecal tissues of broilers that received 0.5% AG and were associated with improved (p < 0.0001) tissue lesion scores. A prophylactic approach increased the anti-parasitic effect in vivo, and results indicated that administration from day 0, 5 and 10 post-hatch reduced tissue lesion scores (p < 0.0001) and parasite excretion levels (p = 0.002). Conclusively, our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the natural antimicrobial mixture (AG) reduced parasitic infections through mechanisms that reduced pathogen virulence and attenuated host inflammatory events.
Climate change can have a strong impact on plant development with negative effects on the quantity and quality of secreted nectar and changes in the entire ecosystem. The paper analyzes the ...implications of the evolution of meteorological factors on the behavior of bee colonies during the collection of nectar and pollen in sunflower. During June and July of the analyzed period 2018-2020, a reduction of the minimum temperature was found, with some nights that registered temperatures unsuitable for nectar secretion (7.6-9.4˚C in July 2018; 8.7-9. 5˚C in July 2019; 10.3-10.4˚C in July 2020) and periods characterized by heavy rains and storms, in a period when, normally, the maximum temperatures negatively influenced the nectar secretion in this plant. The amount of honey made by bee colonies was affected, being necessary to apply supplementary feeds to ensure the reserves for wintering.
Possibilities for Practicing Adventure Tourism Cornelia Petroman; Ioan Rista; Ioan Peț ...
Lucrări științifice zootehnie şi biotehnologii,
09/2023, Letnik:
51, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Adventure tourism or tourism of adventure type is a type of tourism that involves its practicing in areas with risk of accidents or practicing some sports that require some skill. Adventure tourism ...is a niche tourism that involves the exploitation of some areas hardly accessible, even hostile, where the visitor hopes to see and happen unexpected things, being a type of tourism that has more and more amateurs looking to spend an unusual vacation, but the activities carried out require efforts from the tourists and may present certain risks. For the area surveyed by us, the activities specific to adventure tourism are: hiking, equestrian rides, cycling in undeveloped areas, observing animals and birds of hunting interest in their natural habitat, rafting down on a river, parachuting.
Starting primarily as an inflammation of the mammary gland, mastitis is frequently driven by infectious agents such as Staphylococcus aureus. Mastitis has a large economic impact globally, which ...includes diagnostic, treatment, and the production costs not to mention the potential milk contamination with antimicrobial residues. Currently, mastitis prevention and cure depends on intramammary infusion of antimicrobials, yet, their overuse risks engendering resistant pathogens, posing further threats to livestock.
In our study we aimed to investigate, in vitro, using bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T), the efficacy of the AuraShield an antimicrobial mixture (As) in preventing S. aureus attachment, internalisation, and inflammation. The antimicrobial mixture (As) included: 5% maltodextrin, 1% sodium chloride, 42% citric acid, 18% sodium citrate, 10% silica, 12% malic acid, 9% citrus extract and 3% olive extract (w/w).
Herein we show that As can significantly reduce both adherence and invasion of MAC-T cells by S. aureus, with no impact on cell viability at all concentrations tested (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1%) compared with untreated controls. The anti-apoptotic effect of As was achieved by significantly reducing cellular caspase 1, 3 and 8 activities in the infected MAC-T cells. All As concentrations were proven to be subinhibitory, suggesting that Ac can reduce S. aureus virulence without bacterial killing and that the effect could be dual including a host modulation effect. In this context, we show that As can reduce the expression of S. aureus clumping factor (ClfB) and block its interaction with the host Annexin A2 (AnxA2), resulting in decreased bacterial adherence in infection of MAC-T cells. Moreover, the ability of As to block AnxA2 had a significant decreasing effect on the levels of pro inflammatory cytokine released upon S. aureus interaction with MAC-T cells.
The results presented in this study indicate that mixtures of natural antimicrobials could potentially be considered an efficient alternative to antibiotics in treating S. aureus induced mastitis.
Reinventing the route "salt road" has the purpose to promote through cultural tourism, ecotourism, rural tourism and agrotourism, natural and anthropic resources on the navigable part of Mures River ...between the localities Bulci and Igris with possibilities for cross-border expansion until this river flows into Tisa and upstream to Alba Iulia, because the historical sources make reference to this occupation regarding salt trade since the time of Ahtum, the master of Urbs Morisena, and the existence of some traces of Christian life of Eastern rite at Cenad, Igris and Bulci. The most significant and accurate news about the Romanians living in the Western Region of Romania (Timis and Arad) in the Middle Age, of Turkish and Austro-Hungarian oppression are included in the Hungarian chronicles and other large works, which attest the transport of salt on Mures, even since the year 1138.
This work presents the influence exerted by the bacterial inoculation of legumes and nitrogen-based fertilization of temporary pastures on the rate of atmospheric nitrogen fixation (BFN). The ...researches were carried out in an experimental display consisted of a bifactorial experience (A = bacterial inoculation; B = nitrogen doses), during a three-year period, by planting an association of Dactylis glomerata (60%) + Medicago sativa (40%). The estimated amount of BFN was determined with the method of nitrogen balance with a reference crop. The results achieved showed that, by inoculating the legume within the temporary pasture association, we may obtain an increase of the BFN rate from 2.66 kg/1% alfalfa to 3.24 kg/1% alfalfa, respectively an estimated amount of 0.65 kg Nfixed/day/ha, in the inoculated variant.
The role of the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in
is poorly understood despite an increasing prevalence of the T6SS in recent
isolates in humans and chickens. The T6SS is a contractile secretion ...machinery capable of delivering effectors that can play a role in host colonization and niche establishment. During host colonization,
is exposed to oxidative stress in the host gastrointestinal tract, and in other bacteria the T6SS has been linked with the oxidative stress response. In this study, comparisons of whole genome sequences of a novel human isolate 488 with previously sequenced strains revealed a single highly conserved T6SS cluster shared between strains isolated from humans and chickens. The presence of a functional T6SS in the 488 wild-type strain is indicated by expression of T6SS genes and secretion of the effector TssD. Increased expression of oxidative stress response genes
,
, and
, and increased oxidative stress resistance in 488 wild-type strain suggest T6SS is associated with oxidative stress response. The role of the T6SS in interactions with host cells is explored using
and
models, and the presence of the T6SS is shown to increase
cytotoxicity in the
infection model. In biologically relevant models, the T6SS enhances
interactions with and invasion of chicken primary intestinal cells and enhances the ability of
to colonize chickens. This study demonstrates that the
T6SS provides defense against oxidative stress and enhances host colonization, and highlights the importance of the T6SS during
survival of T6SS-positive
strains.
The destructive impact of cardiovascular diseases on health, including heart failure, peripheral artery disease, atherosclerosis, stroke, and other cardiac pathological conditions, positions these ...health conditions as leading causes of increased global mortality rates, thereby impacting the human quality of life. The considerable changes in modern lifestyles, including the increase in food intake and the change in eating habits, will unavoidably lead to an unbalanced consumption of essential fatty acids, with a direct effect on cardiovascular health problems. In the last decade, essential fatty acids have become the main focus of scientific research in medical fields aiming to establish their impact for preventing cardiovascular diseases and the associated risk factors. Specifically, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as omega 3 fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids from various sources are mentioned in the literature as having a cardio-protective role, due to various biological mechanisms that are still to be clarified. This review aims to describe the major biological mechanisms of how diets rich in essential fatty acids, or simply essential fatty acid administration, could have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, anti-arrhythmic, antithrombotic, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic effects. This review describes findings originating from clinical studies in which dietary sources of FAs were tested for their role in mitigating the impact of heart disorders in human health.
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