Although intestinal microbiota alterations (dysbiosis) have been described in heart failure (HF) patients, the possible mechanisms of intestinal barrier dysfunction leading to endotoxemia and ...systemic inflammation are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of the intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and claudin-1 in patients with HF with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and their possible association with systemic endotoxemia and inflammation. Ten healthy controls and twenty-eight patients with HF (HFrEF (n = 14), HFpEF (n = 14)) underwent duodenal biopsy. Histological parameters were recorded, intraepithelial CD3+ T-cells and the expression of occludin and claudin-1 in enterocytes were examined using immunohistochemistry, circulating endotoxin concentrations were determined using ELISA, and concentrations of cytokines were determined using flow cytometry. Patients with HFrEF or HFpEF had significantly higher serum endotoxin concentrations (
< 0.001), a significantly decreased intestinal occludin and claudin-1 expression (in HfrEF
< 0.01 for occludin,
< 0.05 for claudin-1, in HfpEF
< 0.01 occludin and claudin-1), and significantly increased serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 (for IL-6 and IL-10,
< 0.05 for HFrEF and
< 0.001 for HFpEF; and for IL-8,
< 0.05 for both groups) compared to controls. Occludin and claudin-1 expression inversely correlated with systemic endotoxemia (
< 0.05 and
< 0.01, respectively). Heart failure, regardless of the type of ejection fraction, results in a significant decrease in enterocytic occludin and claudin-1 expression, which may represent an important cellular mechanism for the intestinal barrier dysfunction causing systemic endotoxemia and inflammatory response.
Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), have got rapidly enhanced applications in aerospace and other fields due to their attractive properties of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, ...and low thermal expansion. However, their properties like inhomogeneous, anisotropy and low heat dissipation are the main hindrance for machining of such materials with desired quality. In this research, the feasibility analysis was carried out and found that ultrasonic machining is only feasible for CFRP-T700 with low an elastic modulus of 233MPa as compared to rotary ultrasonic machining. Analysis of variance was performed and found that spindle speed is the significant parameter for feed and axial direction cutting forces. The cutting depth has found as a significant parameter for axial and feed cutting forces whereas the feed rate found a significant parameter for the axial force only. The optimal combination of these three forces has investigated with spindle speed 5000 rpm, feed rate 175mm/min and cutting depth 1.0 mm. Further analysis showed that spindle speed and cutting depth are significant for surface roughness and the optimal values for surface roughness (less than 1.5 μm) can be found with spindle speed 3800 rpm, feed rate 220 mm/min and cutting depth 2.2 mm cutting depth. The analytical model for surface roughness has then developed and validated. The results will be much helpful for machining of slots based on ultrasonic technology also for the industry level for better quality and to save expensive CFRP materials.
The development of highly active and stable bifunctional noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial goal for ...clean and renewable energy, which still remains challenging. Herein, we report an efficient and stable catalyst comprising a Co single atom incorporated in an RuO2 sphere for HER and OER, in which the Co single atom in the RuO2 sphere was confirmed by XAS, AC‐STEM, and DFT. This tailoring strategy uses a Co single atom to modify the electronic structures of the surrounding Ru atoms and thereby remarkably elevates the electrocatalytic activities. The catalyst requires ultralow overpotentials, 45 mV for HER and 200 mV for OER, to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The theoretical calculations reveal that the energy barriers for HER and OER are lowered after incorporation of a cobalt single atom.
A Co single atom is incorporated in a RuO2 sphere through a one‐pot hydrothermal process, as revealed by EXAFS, HRTEM, and AC‐STEM. The Co single atoms could tailor the local electronic structure of the bifunctional electrocatalyst for high‐performance HER and OER, which significantly reduces the energy barrier, and the catalyst shows the lowest overpotential of 45 mV for HER and 200 mV for OER at a current density of 10 mA cm−2.
BackgroundThe etiologies of pancytopenia in the pediatric age group remain exceedingly ubiquitous and warrant extensive hematological and interventional investigations like bone marrow biopsy. It ...varies widely from benign nutritional disorders to fatal malignancies. The present study aims to delineate the prevalence of various causes of pancytopenia in the pediatric population.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study included 96 patients between the age of one month till 15 years with pancytopenia. Study participants were evaluated for various parameters including their demographical details, clinical features, immunization history, and nature of the disorder. The prevalence of various etiologies (nutritional, neoplastic, infectious, autoimmune, and others) of pancytopenia was ascertained.ResultsOf the 96 patients, 42 (43.75%) were males with a mean age of 69.47 ± 7.12 months. Fever was present in 71.87%, arthralgias in 56.25%, weight loss in 35.41%, and failure to thrive in 18.75% of patients. The bone marrow examination revealed aplastic changes in 36 (37.50%), hyperplastic changes in 21 (21.87%), and normal cellularity in 40.62% of patients. Megaloblastic anemia was the most common nutritional cause of pancytopenia present in 21.85% of cases. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent neoplastic etiology present in 19.79% of patients. Aplastic anemia, miliary tuberculosis, parvovirus B19, and hemolytic anemia were other notable etiologies.ConclusionMegaloblastic anemia and infections like tuberculosis were common treatable etiologies of pancytopenia among the pediatric age group. ALL was the most common neoplastic etiology. Bone marrow biopsy remains crucial in elucidating the various neoplastic and nutritional etiologies of pancytopenia in children.
The development of highly active and stable bifunctional noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial goal for ...clean and renewable energy, which still remains challenging. Herein, we report an efficient and stable catalyst comprising a Co single atom incorporated in an RuO2 sphere for HER and OER, in which the Co single atom in the RuO2 sphere was confirmed by XAS, AC‐STEM, and DFT. This tailoring strategy uses a Co single atom to modify the electronic structures of the surrounding Ru atoms and thereby remarkably elevates the electrocatalytic activities. The catalyst requires ultralow overpotentials, 45 mV for HER and 200 mV for OER, to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The theoretical calculations reveal that the energy barriers for HER and OER are lowered after incorporation of a cobalt single atom.
A Co single atom is incorporated in a RuO2 sphere through a one‐pot hydrothermal process, as revealed by EXAFS, HRTEM, and AC‐STEM. The Co single atoms could tailor the local electronic structure of the bifunctional electrocatalyst for high‐performance HER and OER, which significantly reduces the energy barrier, and the catalyst shows the lowest overpotential of 45 mV for HER and 200 mV for OER at a current density of 10 mA cm−2.
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