Field margins are pollinator-friendly habitats and important refuges for many pollinators. As a valuable food resource throughout the vegetation season, not just when crop species are in flower, ...field margins need to be protect or restore in areas of intensive farming. This paper examines the floristic and functional structure of weed communities on field margins in the northeastern part of the Republic of Croatia. A phytocoenological survey was conducted during the summer period of 2017 and 2018. A total of 32 field margins was analyzed for species richness, abundance and their role for entomofauna. Floristically rich field margins consist of 72,6% plant species beneficial to pollinators. Foraging period can be stretching throughout the year, but stabile and high flowering period is from May to end of September. Among highest ranked honeybee plants, several invasive species with significant relative abundance are: Solidago gigantea, Asclepias syriaca and Amorpha fruticosa who pose a serious threat to plant biodiversity. Positive role of vegetation from field margins was not valuable for pollinators only, but they also serve as supply the substrates that provide a shelter and nesting sites.
Srednjoročna simulacija razvoja glavnih agrarno-političkih pokazatelja tržišta goveđega mesa u Hrvatskoj do 2030. godine izrađena je putem modela parcijalne ravnoteže AGMEMOD (AGricultural MEmber ...State MODeling). Rezultati modela do kraja simuliranoga razdoblja, uz pretpostavku nastavka postojećih mjera i instrumenata Zajedničke poljoprivredne politike, potvrđuju razvoj negativnih trendova u sklopu tržišta goveđega mesa uočenih pregledom povijesnih podataka. Do kraja simuliranoga razdoblja očekuje se smanjenje ukupnoga broja goveda za 8,63% i proizvodnje goveđega mesa za 24,46%, dok domaća potrošnja raste za 25,91%. Negativni proizvodni pokazatelji uz rastuću domaću potrošnju mogli bi uzrokovati rast uvoza goveđega mesa za 82,68%, uz stupanj samodostatnosti od 49% do 2030. godine. Cijena goveđega mesa od ulaska Hrvatske u Europsku uniju je stabilna, te se stabilan razvoj, uz blagi trend smanjenja, očekuje do kraja simuliranoga razdoblja.
The paper investigates predictors of information and communications technology (ICT) usage in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) among European Union member states - developed countries ...(EU-28) - and the Western Balkans developing countries (WB-5) in the period 2010-2018. It aims to suggest measures for the improvement of ICT usage among SMEs in WB-5 countries. Primary data for a thorough qualitative analysis of ICT use by the WB-5 SMEs were obtained through interviews at the firms' level. Secondary data were obtained from credible international business support organizations and relevant scholarly literature. The analyses were performed utilizing the regression analysis.The authors have identified many variables that influence ICT use through the literature review. From these, they selected ICT access, functional literacy, and gross domestic spending on research and development (R&D) as being vital to the improvement of ICT usage among SMEs in developing countries.
Labelling of food products Štefanić, Ivan
Zbornik Veleučilišta u Rijeci,
05/2018, Letnik:
6, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Declaring nutritional characteristics, expiration dates and instructions
for safe preparation of food, substances causing potential allergies or
intolerances contained in products may be of vital ...importance to buyers
and consumers. Additional information, such as geographical indication or origin of the food and compliance with certain standards could play a
decisive role in purchasing decisions. A comprehensive search of regulatory framework of food production, processing, distribution and labelling is conducted at the Croatian and EU level. Appropriate emphasis is given to the food-related legislation, marketing and intellectual property related legislation. Special attention is given to
the declaration of: nutritional characteristics, substances or products causing allergies or intolerances; geographical indication and origin of
the food; quality seals; medicinal claims, organic food claims, and redundant, confusing and misleading signs. Legal obligations regarding mandatory food labelling are limited in terms of information. Voluntary food labelling can offer a large array of additional information, but it
is still regulated in a very precise manner. Marketing communication, regarding their own brands, is an important component of the business for several reasons; it is an effective signpost for repeated purchases; an entry barrier into the sector or possible sources of additional revenue. Manufacturers and traders can voluntarily apply labelling standards that are more stringent than minimally prescribed ones. In this way, they communicate their concern for customers’ well-being and possibly achieve a competitive advantage over producers who do not demonstrate such a degree of social responsibility in their business.
Deklariranje nutritivnih svojstava, roka za sigurnu upotrebu i upute za sigurno pripremanje hrane, tvari koje uzrokuju potencijalne alergije ili netolerancije sadržane u proizvodu mogu biti od vitalne važnosti za kupce i potrošače. Dodatne informacije, kao što su zemljopisno podrijetlo ili izvornost hrane i usklađenost s određenim standardima mogu imati presudnu ulogu u odlukama o kupnji. Sveobuhvatni pregled regulatornog okvira proizvodnje, prerade, distribucije i označavanja hrane proveden je na razini Hrvatske i EU-a. Primjeren naglasak stavljen je na zakonodavstvo vezano uz hranu, marketing i zakonodavstvo vezano uz intelektualno vlasništvo. Posebna se pozornost posvećuje deklariranju nutritivnih svojstava, tvari ili proizvoda koji uzrokuju alergije ili netolerancije; zemljopisnom podrijetlu i izvornosti hrane, oznakama kvalitete; medicinskim tvrdnjama, tvrdnjama o ekološkoj hrani te suvišnim, zbunjujućim i znakovima koji dovode u zabludu. Pravne obveze vezane uz obvezno označavanje hrane ograničene su u smislu informacija. Dobrovoljno označavanje hrane može ponuditi velik broj dodatnih informacija, ali je i dalje regulirano na vrlo precizan način. Marketinška komunikacija o vlastitim brandovima važna je komponenta poslovanja iz više razloga; to je djelotvoran putokaz za ponovljene kupnje, ulazna barijera u sektor ili mogući izvor dodatnih prihoda. Proizvođači i trgovci mogu dobrovoljno primjenjivati standarde za označavanje koji su stroži od minimalno propisanih. Na taj način oni komuniciraju svoju brigu za dobrobit kupaca i mogu postići konkurentsku prednost nad proizvođačima koji ne pokazuju takav stupanj društvene odgovornosti u svom poslovanju.
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to determine which characteristics the student population, especially student rural population, perceives as typical of women and men entrepreneurs, respectively, ...their grouping into latent factors, and the identification of possible differences in attitudes of respondents with regard to their demographic variables.
Methodology: An indicative survey was conducted on a sample of 1,157 respondents of the student population in Croatia by a questionnaire as a research tool. Descriptive statistical data analysis, inferential statistics, simple analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and exploratory factor analysis were used in the research.
Results: The results show that there are differences in attitudes towards the characteristics of women entrepreneurs and men entrepreneurs, with particular emphasis on differences in the perception of women’s entrepreneurship in rural areas.
Conclusion: Positive trends in thinking about women’s entrepreneurship in rural areas are very interesting and promising, which may eventually result in a reduction in the women’s unemployment rate in rural areas and in valuing women as capable entrepreneurs.
This paper presents the analysis of internal development factors in manufacturing and services companies from the selected SEE countries, by using strategic planning model - modified SPACE (Strategic ...Position and ACtion Evaluation) analysis. The advantage of the SPACE model, as A. Rowe defined it, is a possibility to apply it with the excellent results when analysing companies in highly developed countries as well as in developing countries. The structure of the differences among manufacturing and service companies was performed using canonical discriminative analysis. The most significant development factors were chosen from the modified SPACE strategic planning model and correlated with companies' internal development factors. Research results indicate that service companies perceive internal development factors more importantly for the market successes than manufacturing ones. At the same time, they experienced more aggressive strategic posture.
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate various weed management options on garlic (Alium sativum L.) production in Northeastern Croatia.
This study focus on how different strategies of weed ...control affects weed community composition and economic benefit of weed management. An experiment was arranged as a complete block design with three different weed management strategies: chemical control (PRE EM and POST EM), mechanical control (three times during the season), and combination of chemical and mechanical treatments, together with weeded checks. Data on
weed density, fresh above weed biomass and garlic yield per m2 were collected at the end of the growing season, and were subjected to statistical and economic analysis. The mayor weeds found in the experimental plots were: Sorghum halepense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Cirsium arvense and Chenopodium album. The various weed growth (density and biomass) and yield varied with application of weed management practices. Significantly lower values of weed density and fresh above weed biomass were recorded on plots with mechanical and combination of chemical and mechanical treatments compared to weeded check. Chemical application gave in this study insufficient weed control and resulted in lower yields compared to
the mechanical treatments and combination of mechanical and mechanical weed control. The best cost: benefit ratio was observed on treatment with combination of chemical and mechanical weed control and can be successfully applied to boost up the bulb yield in garlic and to harvest
the maximum profit for farmers.
Poljski pokus je proveden na području sjeveroistočne Hrvatske s ciljem evaluacije različitih strategija suzbijanja korova u češnjaku (Alium sativum L.). Predmet ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi kako različite strategije suzbijanja korova utječu na korovnu zajednicu u češnjaku i kakav je ekonomski učinak svakog od istraživanih tretmana. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom blok rasporedu sa tri različita tretmana suzbijanja korova: kemijsko (sa PRE-EM i POST-EM primjenom), mehaničko (tri puta tijekom vegetacijske sezone) i kombinaciju kemijskog i mehaničkog suzbijanja. Zakorovljena, kontrolna varijanta je također bila uključena u pokus. Dobiveni podatci o gustoći korova, svježoj nadzemnoj biomasi korova i prinosu češnjaka prikupljeni su na kraju vegetacijske sezone te statistički i ekonomski analizirani. Najznačajniji korovi tijekom provedbe pokusa bili su: Sorghum halepense,
Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Cirsium arvense and Chenopodium album. Primjenjene strategije suzbijanja korova različito su utjecale na gustoću i nadzemnu
biomasu korova te na prinos češnjaka. Signifikantno manja gustoća korova i njihova nadzemna biomasa u usporedbi sa zakorovjenom kontrolom utvrđena je na parcelama s mehaničkim suzbijanjem korova i s kombinacijom mehaničkog i kemijskog suzbiljanja. Aplikacija herbicida u ovom pokusu nije se pokazala uspješnom i ostvarila je na kraju vegetacijske sezone signifikantno niži prinos u odnosu na ostale tretmane. Tretman s najboljem omjerom troškova i koristi jest kombinacija kemijskog i mehaničkog suzbijanja korova i može se preporučiti farmerima kao uspješna strategija za postizanje visokog pronosa i ostvarenja maksimalnog profita.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME sector) carry a significant component of an overall economy performance in both developed and developing countries. This paper presents the results of ...innovation activities analysis on a given sample of SMEs from the Republic of Serbia. By implementing a complex questionnaire for assessing innovation activities authors investigate what innovation activities are conducted in sampled enterprises. Results are processed with Cochran Q, McNemar and statistical significance tests and indicate what particular innovation activities measures enterprises focus on, as well as what measures are considered as relevant by enterprises but are not used. At the same time, the factor analysis was performed to test the quality and structure of the questionnaire itself, namely whether measures of achieved innovation performances of enterprises are properly divided into categories. Additionally, specific innovation activities were analyzed and their implementation modalities by the sampled enterprises. The results contribute in the domain of better understanding of innovation activities measurement within SMEs coming from developing countries. Based on the research results, we got the insight into specific innovation activities SMEs perform, as well as key innovation performance indicators SMEs use.
Future agriculture and food supply chain is one of the pillars of human survival and prosperity in the long run. The planet’s ecosystem is very fragile and influenced by a large array of very diverse ...natural and human factors which are frequently interdependent. Regardless of root cause, climate change, pollution and depletion of non-renewable resources and several other unfavorable processes are in place. We can argue that the increase of the average temperature is just a part of a long-term natural cycle and not the consequence of human negligence and pollution, but in the end, it doesn’t matter. The ecosystem is changed and agricultural plants might not survive the change and adopt in time. Relevant and fairly reliable indicators are available, but it seems that nobody is paying attention to those staggering numbers and trends. Doomsday preppers are well known to be a rather suspicious and concerned group of people about the reliability of future food supply chain. But even they somehow assume that agricultural production will go on, and the only problems that could occur are short run disruptions in distribution. The main challenge for future agriculture and food supply chain is to produce more food with considerably less resources in a sustainable manner for a rapidly growing population, preferably even reducing current levels of pollution. Securing future agriculture and food supply chain is a complex task, which requires not only new technologies but also a paradigm shift in the current technological and economic system. Possibly the most important change is the change in current agricultural practices and agricultural education. Reliability of the food system is heavily dependent on mineral oil and significant amount of transportation. Moreover, global agriculture is extremely centralized and profit oriented. Intense push of GMOs into standard agricultural practice led to severe reduction of biodiversity in agriculture. Once upon a time, countless genotypes of same varieties offered unprecedented genetic variability, which was one of the key factors of survival. Today, large GMO fields are populated with only several genotypes. In occurrence of very harmful effects for that particular genotype, whole fields could be simply wiped out. Additionally, patented genes and the domination of hybrid seeds are major obstacles for farmers’ own seeds production and provision of decentralized food production during and after possible capital disturbances of future agriculture and food supply chain. To change that situation it’s not possible to implement just partial solutions, but a paradigm shift and systematic solutions are required Mankind is only a part of a global system, together with some valuable resources that play a crucial, but not so visible role, in the planet’s ecosystem. Forests occupy roughly one third of the earth's land surface. Because of their size, forests play a major role in the functioning of the biosphere and not only a role limited to business. Unprecedented deforestation compensates for loss of arable land, but badly influences the planet’s biosphere. It seems rather rational to get to the consensus quickly and replace the management paradigm in a sense that we govern and manage something that belongs to us, with the stewardship paradigm in a sense where we steer and cherish the most important resources, vital for our own survival.
The objective of this paper is to determine how winemakers in Eastern Continental Croatia use marketing in their business. In addition, the paper aims to analyse the distribution of wine products and ...identify promotional activities that are considered most appropriate for the promotion of wine and further development of the wine sector. A survey was the method used to collect the data, and a survey questionnaire was used as the instrument. The survey was performed on a sample of n=30 winemakers from five counties in Eastern Croatia (Osijek-Baranja, Vukovar-Srijem, Virovitica-Podravina, Požega-Slavonija, and Brod-Posavina). The surveyed winemakers use a combination of direct and indirect distribution channels to sell their wine. The majority of surveyed winemakers sell wine through channels such as the cellar door and wine festivals. These channels are particularly attractive to small and medium winemakers because they can increase their profits. However, to be competitive in the market, Croatian winemakers must adopt new distribution channels and means of communication, increase their marketing efforts and make a shift from sales-oriented to market-oriented strategy.
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