Kako bi se utvrdila promjena obojenja odn. postojanost obojenja, uzorak vegetabilno štavljene kože podvrgnut je močenju u alkalnoj otopini znoja kako bi se izlučio višak tanina i drugih netaninskih ...tvari koje zbog svoje velike količine unutar stukture kože imaju snažan antimikrobni učinak, te u tom slučaju naknadna obrada nije potrebna. Remisijskim spektrofotometrom uzorci kože snimljeni su prije i nakon procesa močenja kako bi se utvrdila promjena obojenja objektivnim mjerenjem kolorističkih prametara boje i ukupne razlike u boji. Učinkovitost obrada ekološki prihvatljivom plazmom i biopolimerom hitozanom potvrđena je kod nekih uzoraka kože mikrobiološkim analizama spram dvije bakterijske vrste
Staphylococcus aureus
i
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, provedbom kvalitativnog testa difuzije.
To determine color change or color fastness, a sample of vegetable-tanned leather is subjected to soaking in an alkaline sweat solution to remove excess tannin and other non-tannins, which have a strong antimicrobial effect due to their large amount in the structure of the leather and make posttreatment unnecessary. Before and after the wetting process, the samples were analyzed with a remission spectrophotometer to determine the color change by objectively measuring the color parameters of the dye and the total color difference. The efficacy of treatment with environmental friendly plasma and biopolymer chitosan was confirmed in some samples by microbiological analysis against two bacterial species - Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae - using a qualitative diffusion test.
Certain regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina were prominent
European sites of endemic syphilis. In 1934 and 1935 the School of Public Health in Zagreb, later the Andrija Štampar School of Public Health,
...conducted two surveys on endemic syphilis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The surveys were well-described in the monograph published in 1939
by the School, under the title Endemic Syphilis in Bosnia: Survey by the
School of Public Health in Zagreb (“Endemski sifilis u Bosni anketa Škole
narodnog zdravlja u Zagrebu”). This paper provides a description of the
publication for the first time, presents the most important data from it,
and explores its significance from the historical perspective
Investigations, which are related to plasma efficiency on the treated leather surface, are significant in the development of ecologically and economically friendly processes in obtaining material of ...desired functional properties. Through the pretreatments using plasma different chemical-physical reactions in the surface layer of treated leather are occurred resulting in improved reactivity. In this paper, modification and functionalization of bovine leather using 1,2,3,4-butantetracarboxylic acid and chitosan were explored. Pretreatments of leather samples were realised using argon and oxygen plasma to assess various influence of chemically reactive oxygen and inert argon gas. Two different bovine leathers -chrome tanned leather and leather tanned with synthetic tanning agent (Cr-free) were chosen for treatments. Analyse of the surface morphology was conducted with SEM microscopy, while the chemical changes using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Antimicrobial effectiveness of treated leather was tested with qualitative Agar diffusion plate test against two bacterial
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. Obtained results indicated how applied oxygen and argon plasma pretreatments in optimized process conditions contribute to the improvement of tested functional properties. Achieved surface changes positively affected on leather surface reactivity and antimicrobial effectiveness, particularly Cr-free leather.
An ocean surface currents forecasting system, based on a Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) neural network algorithm, high-frequency (HF) ocean radar measurements and numerical weather prediction (NWP) ...products, has been developed for a coastal area of the northern Adriatic and compared with operational ROMS-derived surface currents. The two systems differ significantly in architecture and algorithms, being based on either unsupervised learning techniques or ocean physics. To compare performance of the two methods, their forecasting skills were tested on independent datasets. The SOM-based forecasting system has a slightly better forecasting skill, especially during strong wind conditions, with potential for further improvement when data sets of higher quality and longer duration are used for training.
Certain regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina were prominent
European sites of endemic syphilis. In 1934 and 1935 the School of Public
Health in Zagreb, later the Andrija Štampar School of Public Health,
...conducted two surveys on endemic syphilis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The surveys were well-described in the monograph published in 1939
by the School, under the title Endemic Syphilis in Bosnia: Survey by the
School of Public Health in Zagreb (“Endemski sifilis u Bosni anketa Škole
narodnog zdravlja u Zagrebu”). This paper provides a description of the
publication for the first time, presents the most important data from it,
and explores its significance from the historical perspective.
The prospective study, which was made from Jan 1st 2009. till Dec 31st 2010. in the Clinic for Infectious Diseases within Clinical Hospital Mostar has been implemented in the areas of three ...southwestern cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We wanted to define the seroprevalence of the researched area using seroepidemiological testing of different groups of the population, based on the distribution by sex, age, education, residence and watersupply. The aim of this research was to prove the hypothesis that the decrease of seroprevalency of Hepatitis A has been directly related to the improvement of socio-economic conditions of life that at the end brought the decrease of the total prevalence in patients in younger age groups. The total of 420 examinees from the reasserted sample were analysed and they were classify into age groups. The first group was for the children up to 10 years. Then the group 11-20 follows and etc up to the last group, that complies examinees older than 60. In this way we have got seven groups of 60 examinees, from which the half of them was urban, and the other half was rural inhabitants. In every group analysed the half of examinees were females and the other half were males. The results we acquired with this research did not show any statistically relevant differences of seroprevalence of Hepatitits A between the urban and rural areas, between the sexes, nor between the populations which used different wattersupply objects. A statistically relevant difference was found between populations of different levels of education, but the most important difference was found between seroprevalency in different age groups. Seroprevalence in younger age groups was substantially low and increased in groups rising with age. Comparing this data to results from other similair researches from developed and undeveloped countries we concluded that the researched area, by the level of seroprevalency of Hepatitis A belongs to the category of developed countries.
Pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009 causes a disease that is epidemiologically and clinically not significantly different from seasonal influenza, but there are differences. The aim of the study ...was to display and compare epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pandemic influenza in children. At Dr. Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Zagreb, in the first two seasons, the incidence of pandemic influenza virus A (H1N1) in particular was exhaustively analyzed only in patients with laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009. In hospitalized children with documented influenza pandemic, moderate form of the disease predominated, which ultimately meant shorter hospital stay and fewer complications. Otitis media was the rarest complication in children in both seasons. In conclusion, children younger than 5 years, especially boys, were vulnerable groups for pandemic influenza, presenting as a mild disease with low mortality and few complications. Most of the affected children with influenza did not have important risk factors such as asthma and obesity, highlighted by other authors as significant risk factors.
Chronic hepatitis C was until recently treated with a combined therapy of interferon and ribavirin. More recently, direct antiviral agents (DAA), are being introduced. They are more tolerable and ...have fewer side effects, with better treatment results. In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina we have started using this new therapy, with a limited financial opportunity. Large numbers of patients with chronic hepatitis C are former or current addicts, some of them treat their addiction with methadone or buprenorphine. These patients often formerly have a depression disorder and during treatment of chronic hepatitis need supervision of a psychiatrist, due to one of the side effects of interferon being deterioration of depression. Using this research we wanted to valorize the depression disorder of our patients, to indicate the effects of interferon on depression deterioration and the need for a new therapy protocol.
Examinees were patients with chronic hepatitis C on interferon therapy, which we divided into three groups: those who were never addicts, then the group of patients who were earlier addicts and have a long abstinence and patients who treat their addiction with a replacement therapy of methadone or buprenorphine. All patients completed Beck's test, which determines the level of depression, before and after interferon therapy.
Patients who used to be addicts or were on replacement therapy had mild or moderate depression before interferon treatment in a large number. After interferon therapy, there was a statistically substantial increase of patients with serious depression, which was not noted before the therapy.
Interferon therapy deteriorates depression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and there should be a strive for new therapies with less side effects in treatment. No patients stopped therapy. That is a result of community work and supervision over patients from both hepatologists and psychiatrists.
Pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009 causes a disease that is epidemiologically and clinically not significantly different from seasonal influenza, but there are differences. The aim of the study ...was to display and compare epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pandemic influenza in children. At Dr. Fran Mihaljevic University Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Zagreb, in the first two seasons, the incidence of pandemic influenza virus A (H1N1) in particular was exhaustively analyzed only in patients with laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009. In hospitalized children with documented influenza pandemic, moderate form of the disease predominated, which ultimately meant shorter hospital stay and fewer complications. Otitis media was the rarest complication in children in both seasons. In conclusion, children younger than 5 years, especially boys, were vulnerable groups for pandemic influenza, presenting as a mild disease with low mortality and few complications. Most of the affected children with influenza did not have important risk factors such as asthma and obesity, highlighted by other authors as significant risk factors. Key words: Influenza A virus; H1N1 subtype; Croatia; Risk factors; Child Pandemijski virus influence A (H1N1) 2009. uzrokuje bolest koja se epidemioloski i klinicki ne razlikuje znacajno od sezonske gripe, ali ipak postoje razlike. Cilj studije bio je prikazati i usporediti epidemioloske i klinicke karakteristike u djece s dokazanim pandemijskim virusom influence A (H1N1) 2009. U Klinici za infektivne bolesti Dr. Fran Mihaljevic u Zagrebu u prve dvije sezone incidencija pandemijskog virusa influence A (H1N1) posebno je bila iscrpno analizirana samo u bolesnika s dokazanim pandemijskim virusom influence A (H1N1). U hospitalizirane djece s dokazanim pandemijskim virusom influence A prevladavao je umjereni oblik bolesti, sto je u konacnici znacilo kraci boravak u bolnici i manje komplikacija. Upala srednjeg uha je bila najrjeda komplikacija kod djece. Zakljucno, djeca mlada od 5 godina, osobito djecaci, cesce su obolijevali od pandemijskog virusa influence A (H1N1), koja se prezentirala kao blaza bolest s niskom smrtnoscu i rjedim komplikacijama. Vecina oboljele djece od pandemijske influence nisu imala cimbenike rizika kao sto su astma i pretilost, sto drugi autori u svojim istrazivanjima isticu kao vazne cimbenike rizika za virus influence. Kljucne rijeci: Influenca A virus; Podtip H1N1; Hrvatska; Rizicni cimbenici; Dijete
To investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, and cardiovascular risk factors in isolated Adriatic island populations of Croatia.
Random sample of subjects (n=1001) ...was interviewed, using a validated questionnaire developed for this research program. Dietary habits were assessed on the basis of applied Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Biochemical analyses of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and blood glucose were performed. Blood pressure (mm Hg), height (m), and weight (kg) were measured following standard procedures.
Out of 1001 study participants, 507 (50.7%) were overweight (247 48.7% men and 260 51.3% women), whereas 268 (26.8%) were obese (122 45.5% men and 146 54.5% women). In both genders, there was a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and levels of triglycerides (P<0.001), glucose (P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P<0.001), and systolic blood pressure (male: P=0.002, female: P<0.001). Logistic regression showed that female gender (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.61-3.31), overweight (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.34-2.88), obesity (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.22-2.96), more frequent consumption of meat (OR 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.30) and beer (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.27), and less frequent consumption of potatoes (OR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99) were predictive for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.
Prevalence of obesity and related health outcomes was surprisingly high for the studied population. We found a correlation between BMI, dietary habits, and cardiovascular risk factors.
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