Several serum Raman spectroscopy (RS) studies have demonstrated its potential as an oral cancer screening tool. This study investigates influence of low tumour load (LTL) and high tumour load (HTL) ...on serum RS using hamster buccal pouch model of experimental oral carcinogenesis. Sera of untreated control, LTL, and HTL groups at week intervals during malignant transformation were employed. Serum Raman spectra were subjected to multivariate analyses-principal component analysis, principal component-based linear discriminant analysis (for stratification of study groups), and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) (to comprehend biomolecular differences). Multivariate analysis revealed misclassifications between LTL and HTL at all week intervals. MCR-ALS components showed statistically significant abundances between control versus LTL and control versus HTL, but could not discern LTL and HTL. MCR-ALS components exhibited spectral mixtures of proteins, lipids, heme and nucleic acids. Thus, these findings support use of serum RS as a screening tool as varying tumour load is not a confounding factor influencing the technique.
About two third of oral cancer cases present at advanced stages, emphasizing the need for screening tools for early diagnosis. Raman spectroscopy (RS) can prove an appropriate tool for early ...diagnosis as biochemical changes occur before morphological changes. Due to limitations with study of early oral cancer stages in human subjects, we performed a sequential carcinogenesis study in animal model. In the present study, we aim to probe early biochemical changes occurring during DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis in hamster buccal pouch model, using serum RS (SRS). Serum being systemic biofluid can reflect the true in vivo state, is minimally invasive and offers advantages of remote diagnosis and serial sampling. The female Syrian golden hamsters were treated with 0.5% DMBA and retro‐orbital blood collection was performed every week for a period of 14 weeks. An increase in classification efficiency as the DMBA treatment progressed, with distinct classification of >70% seen as early as week 5 (W5), appreciably early to development of visual changes (W8–W10) was observed. Furthermore, the early treatment weeks (W1–W4) and healthy condition (W0) show no misclassifications with weeks exhibiting frank tumours (W9–W14), demonstrating efficacy of SRS to stratify healthy versus carcinogen exposure. The findings suggest that as oral carcinogenesis progresses, biochemical alterations in serum such as increasing protein and loss of lipid content can be detected by RS, highlighting the feasibility and utility of SRS in early oral cancer diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring the ex vivo sequential approach to gain insights into oral cancer progression.
Dire need of screening tools owing to diagnosis of oral cancer in advanced stages. SRS, an ex vivo minimally invasive approach evaluated in DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis HBP model to identify early biochemical alterations. Sequential biochemical alterations in serum (increasing proteins and diminishing lipids) detected by RS. SRS shows distinct classification appreciably before occurrence of visual changes in HBP. SRS exhibited feasibility as a potential screening tool for early oral cancer diagnosis.
Display omitted
•Early detection or diagnosis can aid in developing strategies to reduce the risk factors and management costs of diabetic complications such as Retinopathy, Nephropathy, and ...Neuropathy.•Raman Spectroscopy (RS) was employed to analyse the plasma samples of diabetes patients without and with diabetic microvascular complications (DMCs) along with the plasma samples of control subjects.•75% of control spectra show correct classification when compared with diabetes and DMC groups.•70% of the Diabetes subjects without complications can be correctly identified from diabetes with complications.•Raman spectral findings revealed decrease in protein content in diabetes group and further subsequent decrease in proteins in DMC groups when compared with control group.
Diabetes is now one of the major public health challenges, globally. Prolonged diabetes leads to various diabetic microvascular complications (DMCs) like retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Multiple factors are likely to be involved in predisposing diabetic individuals to complications. Early detection or diagnosis is essential in developing strategies to reduce the risk factors and management costs of these diabetic complications. In this study, we employed Raman Spectroscopy (RS) to analyse the plasma samples of diabetes patients without and with DMCs along with the plasma samples of healthy subjects. Spectral comparisons revealed decrease in protein content in Diabetes group and further subsequent decrease in proteins in DMC groups when compared with control group, which corroborates with the fact that there exists increased secretion of proteins in urine and corresponding decreased protein content in their blood in case of diabetic individuals. Among all study groups, it was noted that 75% of control spectra show correct classification, while spectral misclassification is high amongst the subjects with Diabetes and DMCs. Interestingly, very few Diabetes and DMC plasma spectra are misclassified as control spectra. Findings demonstrate that 70% of the Diabetes subjects without complications can be correctly identified from diabetes with complications. Further, investigations could also attempt to explore the use of serum instead of plasma to reduce the spectral misclassifications as one of the abundant constituents namely clotting factors could be avoided. The outcome of RS study may be imminent for the early detection or diagnosis of DMCs.
The microbiome is an important contributor to a variety of fundamental aspects of human health, including host metabolism, infection, and the immune response. Gut dysbiosis has been identified as a ...contributor to the errant immune response in a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriatic disease (psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis). Given this, probiotics and prebiotics have been investigated as therapeutic options in these disease states. In our review, we highlight the current evidence on prebiotics and probiotics as well as other supplements (such as fish oils, vitamin D, and curcumin) as therapies for IBD. Recommendations, however, regarding the specific use of such supplements in IBD have been lacking, particularly from professional societies, often due to study limitations related to small sample sizes and design heterogeneity. Hence, we additionally examine the literature on the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and other supplements in related IMIDs, namely RA and psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, as these diseases share many approved therapeutic options with IBD. Based on these combined findings, we offer additional evidence that may help guide clinicians in their treatment of patients with IBD (and other IMIDs) and provide recommendations on potential next steps in therapeutic research in this area.
Saliva a non-invasive biofluid, offers diagnostic potential due to its vicinity with tumour along with systemic pooling of biomarkers. The present study evaluated the feasibility of Raman ...spectroscopy to identify biochemical alterations in saliva samples of healthy volunteers, habitués and oral cancer subjects.
The saliva samples collected from healthy volunteers (HV, n = 27), oral cancer subjects (T, n = 59) and tobacco habitués (HC, n = 62) were subjected to Raman spectroscopy analysis.
The 3-model and 2-model Principal Component Linear Discriminant Analysis (PC-LDA) clearly distinguished HV spectra from HC and T spectra while misclassifications were observed among HC and T groups. The sensitivity and misclassifications in 3- and 2-model analysis for HC and T groups was seen to be 55.93 % and 65.52 % and 35 % and 40 % respectively. This could be ascribed to similar tobacco habits and prolonged tobacco exposure possibly leading to cancer field effects and the shedding of clinically undetectable micro-tumours in tobacco habitués. The 3-model approach for classification between HC, HV and T groups, yielded distinct stratification of HV (93 %), while the 2-model approach using HV and HC and HV and T distinctly classified HV with 93 % and 96 % efficiency. The higher classification efficiency highlights the utility of Raman spectroscopy in stratifying the healthy volunteers (HV) from tobacco habitués (HC) and tumour (T) groups.
Despite the low stratification accuracy of HC and T groups, distinct classification of HV demonstrates the utility of Salivary Raman spectroscopy as an early diagnostic screening technique to identify high risk individuals.
Rice grains represent a significant source of carbohydrates and contain trace amounts of other essential nutritional components, including proteins and lipids. The aromatic attributes of rice ...germplasm typically linked to the existence of aromatic amino acids which are often identified through conventional sensory time intensive assessment methods with statistical significance of
p
-value of 0.518 × 10
−7
and SD of 1.74. Similarly, Raman spectroscopy is explored for the rapid analysis of intact brown rice kernels. In this study, we have examined the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometric approaches for the identification of rice germplasm. Additionally, the assessment of aromatic attributes yielded an accuracy rate of 78%. Notably, the spectral features at ~1603 cm
−1
and ~1633 cm
−1
within the fingerprint region played a role in detecting the presence of fibre and amide content. Moreover, low standard error of spectra confirms accuracy as statistical significance. The Raman spectroscopy facilitated the revelation of the nutritional profile of rice; certain Raman bands could have been obstructed due to the opaque thick outer layer characteristic of brown rice kernels.
Cocos nucifera, belonging to Arecaceae family, holds quite an importance in the Indian traditional medicinal system. C.nucifera inflorescence (CnI) has been reported in the literature to be useful in ...the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, diabetes, and dyspepsia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CnI as an adjuvant with metformin in ameliorating Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2-DM).
To evaluate antidiabetic activity of CnI in combination with metformin in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.
Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats using streptozotocin (45 mg/kg; i.p.). Plasma glucose level (PGL) was estimated after 72 h of STZ injection. Ethanolic extract of CnI (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) per se and in combination with metformin (22.5 mg/kg) was administered orally once daily to rats for a period of 28 days. PGL level was estimated on 7th, 14th and 21st day followed by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and PGL both on the 28th day of treatment. DPPH assay was performed to evaluate antioxidant activity of CnI extract.
Extract of CnI (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg alone and the combination of extract (250 mg/kg) along with metformin (22.5 mg/kg) significantly decreased PGL (p < 0.0001) on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days. Histopathological analysis of pancreatic tissue showed that treatment with CnI extract per se and in combination with metformin improved the damaged architecture of pancreas.
The combination therapy of CnI and metformin produced a significant antidiabetic effect than that of the extract alone and provides a scientific rationale for their use in antidiabetic therapy as an adjuvant.
The rise in number of infections from multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative microbes has led to an increase in the use of a variety of ‘polymyxins’ such as colistin. Even though colistin is known ...to cause minor nephro- and neuro-toxicity, it is still considered as last resort antibiotic for treating MDR infections. In this study, we have applied Raman spectroscopy to understand the differences among colistin sensitive and resistant bacterial strains at community level. We have successfully generated colistin resistant clones and verified the presence of resistance-causing MCR-1 plasmid. A unique spectral profile associated with specific drug concentration has been obtained. Successful delineation between resistant and sensitive cells has also been achieved via principal component analysis. Overall findings support the prospective utility of Raman spectroscopy in identifying anti-microbial resistance.
Objective: To compare the micro-leakages of fiber post luted and core buildup performed with ParaCore (Coltene) and LuxaCore (DMG) resin cement. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six single-rooted teeth ...were selected and treated with root canal treatment and fiber post cementation with two types of resin cement (LuxaCore and ParaCore). Samples were exposed to 500 cycles of thermocycling, immersed in 2% methylene dye and centrifuged and sectioned longitudinally, and checked under a stereomicroscope. Results: LuxaCore and ParaCore showed a mean of 0.39250 mm and 0.47500 mm micro-leakage, respectively. Conclusion: There was a statistically non-significant difference seen with group 3 (LuxaCore) versus group 4 (ParaCore) (P > 0.05).
PDF
