Geneva-based Serono is offering euro 9.75 for each share of Genset. The offer represents a 195% premium to the volume-weighted average of market prices for Paris-based Genset in the month up to June ...18, when Euronext Paris authorities suspended trading in the company after it announced it was in acquisition talks. Serono is also offering euro 3.25, a 188% premium to the previous month's volume-weighted average, for each Genset American Depositary Share traded on the Nasdaq.
Aside from primordial gravitational instability of the cosmological fluid, various mechanisms have been proposed to generate large-scale structure at relatively late times, including, e.g., ...``late-time'' cosmological phase transitions. In these scenarios, it is envisioned that the universe is nearly homogeneous at the time of last scattering and that perturbations grow rapidly sometime after the primordial plasma recombines. On this basis, it was suggested that large inhomogeneities could be generated while leaving relatively little imprint on the cosmic microwave background (MBR) anisotropy. In this paper, we calculate the minimal anisotropies possible in any ``late-time'' scenario for structure formation, given the level of inhomogeneity observed at present. Since the growth of the inhomogeneity involves time-varying gravitational fields, these scenarios inevitably generate significant MBR anisotropy via the Sachs-Wolfe effect. Moreover, we show that the large-angle MBR anisotropy produced by the rapid post-recombination growth of inhomogeneity is generally greater than that produced by the same inhomogeneity grown via gravitational instability. In ``realistic'' scenarios one can decrease the anisotropy compared to models with primordial adiabatic fluctuations, but only on very small angular scales. The value of any particular measure of the anisotropy can be made small in late-time models, but only by making the time-dependence of the gravitational field sufficiently ``pathological''.
We calculate limits on the properties of neutrinos using data from gamma-ray detectors on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Solar Max Mission satellites. A massive neutrino decaying in flight from the ...supernova would produce gamma rays detectable by these instruments. The lack of such a signal allows us to constrain the mass, radiative lifetime, and branching ratio to photons of a massive neutrino species produced in the supernova. Presented at Beyond The Standard Model III, June, 1992.
The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) encodes information on the origin and evolution of the universe, buried in a fractional anisotropy of one part in 100,000 on angular scales from arcminutes to ...tens of degrees. We await the coming onslaught of data from experiments measuring the microwave sky from the ground, from balloons and from space. However, we are faced with the harsh reality that current algorithms for extracting cosmological information cannot handle data sets of the size and complexity expected even in the next few years. Here we review the challenges involved in understanding this data: making maps from time-ordered data, removing the foreground contaminants, and finally estimating the power spectrum and cosmological parameters from the CMB map. If handled naively, the global nature of the analysis problem renders these tasks effectively impossible given the volume of the data. We discuss possible techniques for overcoming these issues and outline the many other challenges that wait to be addressed.
The Wavelength-Oriented Microwave Background Analysis Team (WOMBAT) is
constructing microwave skymaps which will be more realistic than previous
simulations. Our foreground models represent a ...considerable improvement: where
spatial templates are available for a given foreground, we predict the flux and
spectral index of that component at each place on the sky and estimate the
uncertainties in these quantities. We will produce maps containing simulated
Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies combined with all major expected
foreground components. The simulated maps will be provided to the cosmology
community as the WOMBAT Challenge, a "hounds and hares" exercise where such
maps can be analyzed to extract cosmological parameters by scientists who are
unaware of their input values. This exercise will test the efficacy of current
foreground subtraction, power spectrum analysis, and parameter estimation
techniques and will help identify the areas most in need of progress.
A revision of the nearly 8-year-old World Health Organization classification of the lymphoid neoplasms and the accompanying monograph is being published. It reflects a consensus among ...hematopathologists, geneticists, and clinicians regarding both updates to current entities as well as the addition of a limited number of new provisional entities. The revision clarifies the diagnosis and management of lesions at the very early stages of lymphomagenesis, refines the diagnostic criteria for some entities, details the expanding genetic/molecular landscape of numerous lymphoid neoplasms and their clinical correlates, and refers to investigations leading to more targeted therapeutic strategies. The major changes are reviewed with an emphasis on the most important advances in our understanding that impact our diagnostic approach, clinical expectations, and therapeutic strategies for the lymphoid neoplasms.
Using mean relative peculiar velocity measurements for pairs of galaxies, we estimate the cosmological density parameter \(\Omega_m\) and the amplitude of density fluctuations \(\sigma_8\). Our ...results suggest that our statistic is a robust and reproducible measure of the mean pairwise velocity and thereby the \(\Omega_m\) parameter. We get \(\Omega_m = 0.30^{+0.17}_{-0.07}\) and \(\sigma_8 = 1.13^{+0.22}_{-0.23}\). These estimates do not depend on prior assumptions on the adiabaticity of the initial density fluctuations, the ionization history, or the values of other cosmological parameters.
MAXIMA is a balloon-borne platform for measuring the anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). It has measured the CMB power spectrum with a ten-arcminute FWHM beam, corresponding to a ...detection of the power spectrum out to spherical harmonic multipole l~1000. The spectrum is consistent with a flat Universe with a nearly scale-invariant initial spectrum of adiabatic density fluctuations. Moreover, the MAXIMA data are free from any notable non-Gaussian contamination and from foreground dust emission. In the same region, the WMAP experiment observes the same structure as that observed by MAXIMA, as evinced by analysis of both maps and power spectra. The next step in the evolution of the MAXIMA program is MAXIPOL, which will observe the polarization of the CMB with comparable resolution and high sensitivity over a small patch of the sky.
The Wavelength-Oriented Microwave Background Analysis Team (WOMBAT) is
constructing microwave maps which will be more realistic than previous
simulations. Our foreground models represent a ...considerable improvement: where
spatial templates are available for a given foreground, we predict the flux and
spectral index of that component at each place on the sky and estimate
uncertainties. We will produce maps containing simulated CMB anisotropy
combined with expected foregrounds. The simulated maps will be provided to the
community as the WOMBAT Challenge, so such maps can be analyzed to extract
cosmological parameters by scientists who are unaware of their input values.
This will test the efficacy of foreground subtraction, power spectrum analysis,
and parameter estimation techniques and help identify the areas most in need of
progress. These maps are also part of the FORECAST project, which allows
web-based access to the known foreground maps for the planning of CMB missions.
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