•A total of 129 coffee samples were analyzed by ICP-OES, ICP-MS and DMA.•Elemental profiling of 45 elements was used to authenticate the geographical origin.•Statistical analyses such as ANOVA, CA, ...LDA and PCA were performed.•The order of macro elements was; K>P>Mg>Ca>S>Na>Fe.•The concentrations of toxic trace elements were lower than the PTWI values.
This study was aimed to establish the elemental profiling and provenance of coffee samples collected from eleven major coffee producing regions of Ethiopia. A total of 129 samples were analyzed for forty-five elements using inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-optical emission spectroscopy (OES), ICP-mass spectrometry (MS) and direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Among the macro elements, K showed the highest levels whereas Fe was found to have the lowest concentration values. In all the samples, Ca, K, Mg, P and S contents were statistically significant (p<0.05). Micro elements showed the concentrations order of: Mn>Cu>Sr>Zn>Rb>Ni>B. Contents of the trace elements were lower than the permissible standard values. Inter-regions differentiation by cluster analysis (CA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that micro and trace elements are the best chemical descriptors of the analyzed coffee samples.
The current study was aimed at optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) for polyphenols, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of five varieties of Piper betle L. leaves ...from Bangladesh. The UAE method was optimized to maximize the polyphenolic extract using single-factor experimentation and central composite circumscribed design. The optimal conditions were determined to use 70:5:25 ethanol:acetic acid:water and a solid/liquid ratio of 1:15.41 for 90 min at 75 °C. The antioxidant activity was significant with IC
50
values for DPPH and ABTS assays from 0.17 ± 0.01 to 0.43 ± 0.01 mg/mL and 0.04 ± 0.00 to 0.11 ± 0.01 mg/mL, respectively. Good antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity against cancer cells (20% to 50% viability) were reported with normal cells unaffected. The results suggest that UAE is suitable for the extraction of polyphenolics from betel leaves.
Sustainable chicken meat production has grown rapidly worldwide in the context of development. The study aimed to analyze macro (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S), micro (Cu, Mn, Rb, Sr, Zn), trace (Ba, Co, Cr, ...Ga, Li, Se, V), and toxic trace (As, Cd, Pb) elements in chicken breast meat from conventional and sustainable farms of South Korea. The elemental analyses were conducted by inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The contents of Zn, Sr, Ba, Se, Li, and Ga were higher in sustainable samples compared to in conventional farms. The trace and toxic element contents were lower compared to recommended standard values. Chemometric tests, including principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analyses (LDA), together explained the highest variability index (100.0%). The outcomes of this study help in profiling the elemental composition of chicken breast meat from South Korean conventional and sustainable farms.
Trachyspermum ammi L. (bishop's weed), belonging to Apiaceae family, is used as a condiment in curries, and in folk medicine for its antidiarrheal and anthelmintic properties and as a laxative. The ...current study was designed to extract and analyze the volatile oil of T. ammi by simultaneous-distillation extraction (SDE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and identify its major constituents by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the study evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticholinesterase activities by ultraviolet spectroscopy. Among the 81 prominent peaks observed in GC-MS, the major volatile flavor compounds were thymol (50.04%) > γ-terpinene (19.13%) > ρ-cymene (18.95%) > β-pinene (2.11%) > carvacrol (1.53%). Additionally, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol fractions exhibited comparatively high of phenolic and flavonoid contents. These fractions also potently inhibited the DPPH and ABTS free radicals. However, n-hexane, chloroform, and aqueous extracts were shown to provide significant antibacterial, antifungal, and anticholinesterase activities. Hence, T. ammi confirmed to be a rich source of volatiles and phenolics exhibiting significant antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities, and thus, may provide positive health impacts.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a stable toxin produced by fungal strains of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is commonly found in a variety of food products, including dried fruit, coffee, and spices, raising ...concerns about their safety. This study was aimed to quantify OTA levels in different food products using HPLC with fluorescence detection. The pre-treatment process was optimised by employing immunoaffinity columns with Tween 20 to effectively remove interfering substances. An analytical method was developed, validated, and applied for OTA analysis in dried fruit, spices, and coffee samples. The validation procedure included determining detection and quantification limits, linearity, precision, and accuracy, as per the criteria specified by AOAC International. The validated method was successfully applied for OTA analysis in the selected food samples. Furthermore, health risk assessment was conducted based on the average intake and body weight of the Korean population. From the results, concentrations of OTA in the samples were found to be very low and therefore concluded not to pose significant threats to consumer health.
Five varieties of Piper betle L. var. leaves including Bangla, Sanchi, Misti, Khasia, and BARI Paan 3 from Bangladesh were subjected to the analysis of their volatile compounds. Simultaneous ...distillation extraction (SDE) with 1:1 (v/v) n-pentane:diethylether was used for the isolation of the volatile compounds while the analysis was done by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). From the results, the Misti betel leaf variety showed the highest concentration of volatile compounds (13959 mg/kg) followed by BARI Paan 3 (11684 mg/kg), Khasia (11110 mg/kg), Sanchi (6959 mg/kg) and Bangla (4347 mg/kg). A total of 101 compounds were identified in which 42 were present in all of the varieties but at varying concentrations. The present study reports 50 volatile compounds in betel leaves for the first time in the literature. Eugenol was found in all of the varieties at the highest concentration value followed by β-caryphyllene, γ-muurolene, valencene, eucalyptol, chavicol and caryphellene oxide. Based on the volatile compounds, the five varieties of betel leaf were differentiated into three clusters by the use of principal component analysis (PCA). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) also divided the leaf varieties into three clusters composed of Misti and BARI Paan 3, Bangla and Sanchi, and Khasia.
This study determined the concentrations of toxic metals including As, Cd, Hg and Pb in commonly consumed crustaceans collected from South Korea. The samples were prepared by wet digestion using HNO
...3
and H
2
O
2
by microwave assisted combustion. For As, Cd, and Pb, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used. Hg content was determined using gold amalgation direct mercury analysis (DMA). The analytical techniques were validated by determining the correlation coefficients, limits of detection and quantification, coefficients of variance, spiking, and accuracy by analysis of an oyster tissue certified reference material (NIST CRM-1566b). The distribution of toxic metals was determined in whole, muscles, and digestive tracts of crustaceans. Furthermore, to provide information on consumer safety, risk assessment in terms of estimated dietary daily/weekly intake, target hazard quotient, and hazard index values was performed. The concentration (mg/kg) was in decreasing order of As (2.17-6.05) > Cd (0.154-4.57) > Pb (0.033-0.128) > Hg (0.011-0.086). The estimated dietary daily/weekly intake, target hazard quotient, and hazard indices were compared with the standards established by United States Environmental Protection Agency, and Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and were below the threshold values. The analyzed crustaceans are not expected cause threats to consumers upon normal consumption.
Phytochemical studies on the alkaloids fraction of the entire plant of Isatis minima Bunge resulted in the alkaloids 1–4 isolation, which were first time isolated from this species. The 1D and 2D NMR ...spectroscopic data were used to identify their structures, and there was satisfactory compatibility of the data compared to those which were previously published. In the examined compounds 1–4, Isaindigotidione (3) and Isaindigotone (4) were shown as an effective urease inhibitor in such a concentration-dependent way against Jack bean and Bacillus pasteurii urease, with IC50 values 29.03 ± 0.04, 20.04 ± 0.09 and 34.03 ± 0.07, 26.13 ± 0.08 μM, respectively. Compounds 3 and 4 were likewise shown to be an effective inhibitor against α-chymotrypsin, exhibiting IC50 values 16.09 ± 0.07 and 22.01 ± 0.06 μM, correspondingly. The program MOE-Dock was used to perform a molecular docking analysis to confirm probable binding modes of the active complexes of the isolated compounds 1–4 and the crystal structure of urease and α-chymotrypsin enzymes. Compound 3 was the most active, having the highest docking scores against Bacillus pasteurii urease, α-chymotrypsin, and Jack bean (−8.6876), (−7.6647), and (−13.1927) μM, respectively. All four alkaloids (1–4) showed significant urease and protease inhibitory potential and further these activities were confirmed with the help of molecular docking study.
