This paper examines the possibility of optical spectral singularity in scattering spectrums of one dimensional multilayer (1DM) structure. We show that the transfer matrix method is not valid in ...optical spectral singularity situation. Based on the irrational wavelength concept, it is illustrated that discontinuity and optical spectral singularity in scattering spectrums of 1DM structure, physically, is impossible. By using this result, the scattering spectrums of a gained Fabry-Perot structure are obtained. The diverging value and very narrow width of transmission or reflection coefficients are interpreted, successfully.
Abstract
An updated exploration of the burden of thyroid cancer across a country is always required for making correct decisions. The objective of this study is to present the thyroid cancer burden ...and attributed burden to the high Body Mass Index (BMI) in Iran at national and sub-national levels from 1990 to 2019. The data was obtained from the GBD 2019 study estimates. To explain the pattern of changes in incidence from 1990 to 2019, decomposition analysis was conducted. Besides, the attribution of high BMI in the thyroid cancer DALYs and deaths were obtained. The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer was 1.57 (95% UI: 1.33–1.86) in 1990 and increased 131% (53–191) until 2019. The age-standardized prevalence rate of thyroid cancer was 30.19 (18.75–34.55) in 2019 which increased 164% (77–246) from 11.44 (9.38–13.85) in 1990. In 2019, the death rate, and Disability-adjusted life years of thyroid cancer was 0.49 (0.36–0.53), and 13.16 (8.93–14.62), respectively. These numbers also increased since 1990. The DALYs and deaths attributable to high BMI was 1.91 (0.95–3.11) and 0.07 (0.04–0.11), respectively. The thyroid cancer burden and high BMI attributed burden has increased from 1990 to 2019 in Iran. This study and similar studies’ results can be used for accurate resource allocation for efficient management and all potential risks’ modification for thyroid cancer with a cost-conscious view.
A novel
C
2
-symmetric ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric cyanide (CN
−
) sensor
1
based on a phenol-bisthiazolopyridine hybrid was synthesized and characterized. Among the various screened ...anions, this chromogenic receptor
1
showed only a distinct visible color change from colorless to yellow and blue to green fluorescence toward CN
−
in both pure methanol and aqueous methanol. The ''turn-on'' ratiometric fluorescence (emission shift = 95 nm) and colorimetric (absorbance shift = 45 nm) detection of CN
−
can be attributed to the deprotonation of the OH groups of
1
, as evidenced by OH
−
and
1
H NMR experiments. The binding mode of
1
with CN
−
was determined to be a 1 : 1 stoichiometry through a Job plot. Probe
1
was also highly sensitive (LOD = 75 nM) as measured by ratiometric fluorescence (
I
420
/
I
515
nm) methods. Moreover, the reversibility of the deprotonated
1
by HCl in both solution and the solid state (TLC paper test strips) was successful. In general, probe
1
is a promising CN
−
indicator in terms of its ease-of-use, selectivity, sensitivity, rapid response (<1 s), reversibility and test kit application.
This optical probe recognizes CN
−
over various anions and cations
via
the deprotonation mechanism as evidenced by
1
H NMR titration.
Peritoneal adhesion formation is a challenging postoperative complication. We aim to evaluate the effect of orally administered sirolimus, prednisolone, and their combination to prevent this entity.
...Eighty female albino underwent intraperitoneal injection of 3 mL of 10% sterile talc solution to induce peritoneal adhesion, and were subsequently and randomly divided into four groups (each n = 20); including a control group; 1 mg/kg oral prednisolone daily in the morning; 0.1 mg/kg oral sirolimus daily; and a combination group which received both drugs, with the same dosage. On the 29th day, abdominal cavities were explored, and classification was done based on Nair classification.
All rats were healthy on the 29th day, in which exploration was performed. The rats in the control group had extensive intra-abdominal adhesions, while 17 (85%) rats in the control group had substantial adhesion; however, the prednisolone, sirolimus, and combination group had lesser adhesion formation. Also, 14 (70%) rats of prednisolone group, 13 (65%) of sirolimus group, and 16 (80%) of combination group had insubstantial adhesion. The decrease in the grade of peritoneal adhesion bands was highly significant in the combination group (P > 0.001).
The combination of sirolimus and prednisolone was effective for preventing peritoneal adhesions in rats.
Abstract
Background/objective
Osteoporosis is a global health concern with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Denosumab is an antiresoptive agent that has been demonstrated to be effective and safe ...in osteoporotic patients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the biosimilar denosumab candidate (Arylia) to the originator product (Prolia®) in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients.
Methods
In this randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, noninferiority trial, postmenopausal osteoporotic patients received 60 mg of subcutaneous Arylia or Prolia® at months 0, 6, and 12 and were followed up for 18 months. The primary endpoint was the noninferiority of the biosimilar product to the reference product in the percentage change of bone mineral density (BMD) in 18 months at the lumbar spine (L
1
-L
4
), total hip, and femoral neck. The secondary endpoints were safety assessment, the incidence of new vertebral fractures, and the trend of bone turnover markers (BTMs).
Results
A total of 190 patients were randomized to receive either biosimilar (
n
= 95) or reference (
n
= 95) denosumab. In the per-protocol (PP) analysis, the lower limits of the 95% two-sided confidence intervals of the difference between Arylia and Prolia® in increasing BMD were greater than the predetermined noninferiority margin of − 1.78 at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck sites (mean differences 95% CIs of 0.39 − 1.34 to 2.11, 0.04 − 1.61 to 1.69, and 0.41 − 1.58 to 2.40, respectively). The two products were also comparable in terms of safety, new vertebral fractures, and trend of BTMs.
Conclusion
The efficacy of the biosimilar denosumab was shown to be noninferior to that of the reference denosumab, with a comparable safety profile at 18 months.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov,
NCT03293108
; Registration date: 2017–09-19.
A compact device model along with simulations and an experimental analysis of a forward-biased PN junction-based silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) with a phase-shifter length of 0.5 mm is ...presented. By placing the PN junction to a certain off-center such that 72% of the waveguide is p-doped, the refractive index swing at a given drive voltage swing is increased by 2% compared to the symmetric layout. The effects of the phase shifters' length mismatch and asymmetric splitting on the modulation efficiency and extinction ratio of the modulator are simulated and compared with experimental results. Without any pre-emphasis or post-processing, a high-speed operation up to 15 Gb/s using a non-return-to-zero modulation format is demonstrated. A modulation efficiency (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">{{\boldsymbol{V}}_{\boldsymbol{\pi}}}{\boldsymbol{L}}</tex-math></inline-formula>) as low as 0.07 V × cm is verified and power consumption of 0.88 mW/Gb/s is recorded while a high extinction ratio of 33 dB is experimentally demonstrated. Compared to previously reported forward-biased silicon integrated modulators, without active tuning of the power splitting ratio between the arms, the extinction ratio is 10 dB higher. This MZM along with its compact structure is also sufficiently energy-efficient due to its low power consumption. Thus, it can be suitable for applications like analog signal processing and high-order amplitude modulation transmissions.
Glioblastoma is a lethal and incurable cancer. Tumor suppressor miRNAs are promising gene therapy tools for cancer treatment. In silico, we predicted miR-424 as a tumor suppressor. It had several ...target genes from the epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB) signaling pathway that are overactive in most glioblastoma cases.
We overexpressed miR-424 by lentiviral transduction of U-251 and U-87 glioblastoma cells confirmed with fluorescent microscopy and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Then the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) proliferation assay and scratch wound migration assay were performed to investigate the miR-424 tumor suppressor effect in glioblastoma. miR-424's effect on glioblastoma apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest was verified using Annexin V- phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and 7-minoactinomycin D (7-AAD) apoptosis assay and cell-cycle assay. miR-424 predicted target genes mRNA and protein level were measured after miR-424 overexpression in comparison to the control group by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. We confirmed miR-424 direct target genes by dual-luciferase reporter assay.
miR-424 overexpression significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration rate in glioblastoma cells based on the MTT and scratch assays. Flow cytometry results confirmed that miR-424 promotes apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in glioblastoma cells. Predicted target genes of miR-424 from the ERBB pathway were downregulated by miR-424 overexpression. qRT-PCR and western blotting showed that KRAS, RAF1, MAP2K1, EGFR, PDGFRA, AKT1, and mTOR mRNA expression levels and KRAS, RAF1, MAP2K1, EGFR, and AKT1 protein level, respectively, had significantly decreased as a result of miR-424 overexpression in comparison to the control group. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-424 directly targets RAF1 and AKT1 oncogenes.
Overall, miR-424 acts as tumor suppressor miRNA in glioblastoma cells.
.
In this work, we have used the probe and control fields to theoretically investigate optical spectral singularity (OSS) in a doped and gained (DG) slab. This slab is composed of a gain medium ...modeled by two-level atoms and doped by the three-level
Λ
-type atoms. This work is based on calculations and the results show that the OSS effect can be switched on and off by changing the relative phase of the fields from 0 to
π
. Also, in comparison with an undoped slab, the OSS effect appears for lower values of gain. For a given value of gain coefficient at
ϕ
=
0
, the DG slab produces a sharp OSS with infinite transmission but, for
ϕ
=
π
, the slab acts as an optical filter with a narrow bandwidth around the wavelength of OSS. We have also illustrated that it is possible to tune the wavelength of OSS just by tuning the relative phase.
By the reactions of bis(diphenylphosphino)amine (dppa) with equimolar amounts of cycloplatinated(II) complexes 1 with two neutral (SMe2 or DMSO) and anionic (Cl– or CF3CO2 –) labile ligands the ...bis-chelate complexes 2 with a chelating mode of dppa were synthesized that have one of the smallest bite angles in a diphosphine. As the usual strategy for synthesizing the binuclear complexes, the reactions of 0.5 equiv of dppa with cycloplatinated(II) complexes 1 with a Cl– ligand were successful in making symmetrical binuclear complexes. Also, the chelating dppa has a strong angle strain that makes it a susceptible precursor for biphosphine ring opening. Furthermore, this new strategy was successful for designing symmetrical and unsymmetrical binuclear complexes with Cl– ligands. Interestingly, all efforts to make binuclear complexes with bridging dppa from precursors that contain CF3CO2 – were unsuccessful by both strategies. The effects of dimerization via a change in the coordination mode of dppa, from a chelate mode in complexes 2 with green emission to a bridge mode in complexes 3, with dual-phosphorescence red emission were investigated in the powder and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) phases at 77 and 298 K. The emission decay curves of all complexes in the solid state show long and short lifetime values as characteristics of the triplet excited states. The reaction pathway, reactivity, and structural aspects of the complexes were compared with those of other similar dppm analogues and the mechanism of conversion via possible intermediates was considered by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For interpretation of the emission spectra, time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations were carried out on the isolated and stacked forms.
Background
The ultra-rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, You-Hoover-Fong Syndrome (YHFS), is caused by defects in the
TELO2
gene and is characterized by intellectual disability, developmental ...delay, and ocular impairments. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of YHFS by reviewing previous cases and introducing a novel variant in a new case.
Methods
Whole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on the proband to identify genetic variants, and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm variants within the family. This article presents a comprehensive collection of reported cases of YHFS, incorporating both molecular and clinical data, through an extensive literature search and analysis of English-language studies published until June 2023.
Results
Using WES, a novel homozygous missense variant, c.1799A > G (p. Tyr600Cys), was identified in the
TELO2
gene in a 4-year-old Iranian male patient. Novel clinical features, including choanal atresia and clubfoot, were also identified. A comprehensive literature review identified 27 patients with YHFS, with 20 variants in the
TELO2
gene. Missense pathogenic variants were the most common type of pathogenic variant, and the most common features were microcephaly and intellectual impairment.
Conclusion
This study presents the first case of pathogenic variants in
TELO2
gene in Iran, expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of YHFS and contributes to the growing body of literature pertaining to YHFS. Furthermore, our findings highlight the importance of genetic testing for non-consanguineous carrier screening, as compound heterozygosity may be a significant factor in the development of YHFS. Further research is needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying YHFS pathogenesis.
Graphical Abstract
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