Farms operate in close connection with the climat hazards. It is impossible to mitigate them and farmers’ impact on reducing their results is small. At the same time the effects of these threats ...directly affect the stability of a farm. The traditional crop insurance is not effective or its efficiency is insufficient. The paper proposes the use of index insurance and changing the rules of forming the base of the insurance liability. Traditionally, index insurance is based on weather phenomena. The article suggests a link between the baseline and the actual income of a farm. This allows for the individualization of an approach which is consistent with the guidelines of the European Commission and at the same time it gives the ability to cover losses that are actually not acceptable by a farmer.
In this study, authors systematize the use of the term "disaster" in relation to the functions of local government units, based both on literature and studies conducted in the Polish local ...government. Local government entities do not take effective action in the risk management process relating to catastrophic risks, even in the narrow sense referring only to the effects of nature. Realization of catastrophic events results to losses primarily on economic, social, and environmental. Based on the preliminary survey and analysis of available data (Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Interior), sources of funding for the impacts of a natural catastrophe (mainly flooding) were identified. The results of these studies clearly indicate that there's a large inconsistency and arbitrariness in deciding whether the same local government or state authorities. Furthermore, the paper attempts to identify the various proposals for systemic solutions that would ensure that the local government losses due to natural disasters.
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