Dentin, the bulk material of the tooth, resemble the bone's chemical composition and is considered a valuable bone substitute. In the current study, we assessed the cytotoxicity and osteogenic ...potential of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) in comparison to HA nanoparticles (n-HA) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) using a hydrogel formulation.
Human extracted teeth were minced into particles and treated via chemical demineralization using ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid solution (EDTA) to produce DDM particles. DDM and n-HA particles were added to the sodium alginate then, the combination was dripped into a 5% (w/v) calcium chloride solution to obtain DDM hydrogel (DDMH) or nano-hydroxyapatite hydrogel (NHH). The particles were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the hydrogels were evaluated via scanning electron microscope (SEM). BMMSCs were treated with different hydrogel concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and neat/100%) and cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay after 72 h of culture. Collagen-I (COL-I) gene expression was studied with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) after 3 weeks of culture and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) over 7th, 10th, 14th and 21st days of culture. BMMSCs seeded in a complete culture medium were used as controls. One-way ANOVA was utilized to measure the significant differences in the tested groups.
DLS measurements revealed that DDM and n-HA particles had negative values of zeta potential. SEM micrographs showed a porous microstructure of the tested hydrogels. The viability results revealed that 100% concentrations of either DDMH or NHH were cytotoxic to BMMSCs after 72 h of culture. However, the cytotoxicity of 25% and 50% concentrations of DDMH were not statistically significant compared to the control group. RT-qPCR showed that COL-I gene expression was significantly upregulated in BMMSCs cultured with 50% DDMH compared to all other treated or control groups (P < 0.01). ELISA analysis revealed that ALP level was significantly increased in the groups treated with 50% DDMH compared to 50% NHH after 21 days in culture (P < 0.001).
The injectable hydrogel containing demineralized dentin matrix was successfully formulated. DDMH has a porous structure and has been shown to provide a supporting matrix for the viability and differentiation of BMMSCs. A 50% concentration of DDMH was revealed to be not cytotoxic to BMMSCs and may have a great potential to promote bone formation ability.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on every aspect of life, especially for healthcare professionals. Dentists are the most at risk of infection due to close contact with patients. ...This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, perception, and attitude of Palestinian dentists towards COVID-19 and infection control. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 17-30 July 2020, and 349 dentists from the West Bank participated. The survey assessed demographic variables, participation in infection control training, prevention methods used in dental clinics, patient preparation for dental work, cross-infection control and sterilization before and after the pandemic, and sources for guideline protocols for dental workers. The results of the study showed that 54 (14.4%) dentists had received training in infection control in dentistry and 121 (34.3%) had attended training specifically regarding COVID-19. During a partial lockdown, 60% of dentists treated only urgent cases. Overall, the dentists in the West Bank demonstrated good knowledge and a positive attitude towards COVID-19 and infection control measures in dental clinics, as there were significant differences between replacing a medical apron or mask and wearing a face shield, cover shoes, head cap, and goggles before and after COVID (
< 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences between wrapping the chair and using purification devices to disinfect the clinic before and after COVID (
< 0.05). However, dentists' knowledge could be improved by increasing their accessibility to materials and provided training. Dental associations should provide guidelines regularly to dentists during a crisis to inform them of best practices and disease management. In conclusion, dentists need to update their knowledge, continuing education and training to guarantee the proper handling of COVID-19. The study's findings show the importance of updating infection control protocols and training programs that address the specific needs and challenges faced by dentists in the West Bank.
The use of a demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) has garnered substantial importance in dentistry. This study was carried out to evaluate the osteoinductive performance of DDM in comparison to ...nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) on calvarial critical-sized bone defect.
Two critical-sized defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the calvarium of sixteen healthy white rabbits. The rabbits were categorized into four groups: in group 1, the defect was left empty; in group 2, defects were filled with sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel as a sole material; in group 3, defects were treated with nano-hydroxyapatite hydrogel (NHH); in group 4, defects were treated using demineralized dentin matrix hydrogel (DDMH). Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate the total areas of newly formed bone.
The DDMH group showed that new woven bone tissue progressively bridged the defect area while there was no bone in the control group. Collagen expression was significantly different in the DDMH- and NHH-treated groups compared to in the SA group at 4 and 8 weeks (
< 0.01). OCN expression was significantly higher in the DDMH group in comparison to in the NHH or SA groups at 8 weeks (
< 0.01).
The DDMH group exhibited significantly higher levels of new bone formation compared to the NHH group at both 4 and 8 weeks post-surgically.
Apert syndrome is a genetic disorder characterised by craniosynostosis and structural discrepancy of the craniofacial region as well as the hands and feet. This condition is closely linked with ...fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) gene mutations. Gene therapies are progressively being tested in advanced clinical trials, leading to a rise of its potential clinical indications. In recent years, research has made great progress in the gene therapy of craniosynostosis syndromes and several studies have investigated its influences in preventing/diminishing the complications of Apert syndrome. This article reviewed and exhibited different techniques of gene therapy and their influences in Apert syndrome progression. A systematic search was executed using electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, SciFinder and Web of Science for all studies of gene therapy for Apert syndrome. The primary outcomes measurements vary from protein to gene expressions. According to the findings of included studies, we conclude that the gene therapy using FGF in Apert syndrome was critical in the regulation of suture fusion and patency, occurred via alterations in cellular proliferation. The superior outcome could be brought by biological therapies targeting the FGF/FGFR signalling. More studies in molecular genetics in Apert syndrome are recommended. This study reviews the current literature and provides insights to future possibilities of genetic therapy as intervention in Apert syndrome.
This paper describes a unique clinical case of peri‐implantitis treated by a laser biostimulation in one side of maxilla and the effect extended to contralateral side in the maxilla. This indicates ...that low level laser therapy treatment may have some degree of bilateral effects within the orofacial region.
This interesting finding calls for future studies on the bilateral effects of laser biostimulation and the clinical application of laser biostimulation with larger cohorts.
Our findings show the use of a diode laser to remove inflamed tissue and regenerate the horizontal bone defects around the implant. These findings could be applied in the clinic.
Our findings show ...the use of a diode laser to remove inflamed tissue and regenerate the horizontal bone defects around the implant. These findings could be applied in the clinic.
The protective effect of biochanin A (BCA) on the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemistry of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver cirrhosis in vivo was investigated. There was a ...significant reduction in liver weight and hepatocyte propagation, with much lower cell injury in rat groups treated with BCA (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) following a TAA induction. These groups had significantly lower levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The liver homogenates showed increased antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The serum biomarkers associated with liver function, namely alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma glutamyl transaminase (GGT), returned to normal levels, comparable to those observed in both the normal control group and the reference control group. Taken together, the normal microanatomy of hepatocytes, the inhibition of PCNA and α-SMA, improved antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx), and condensed MDA with repairs of liver biomarkers validated BCA’s hepatoprotective effect.
Key Clinical Message
By sharing this case, we aim to enhance the understanding of the mental foramen's intricate morphology, ultimately promoting safer and more successful surgical practices in the ...field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
In surgical procedures near the mental foramen, preserving this vital structure and its contents is crucial. Surgical treatments, including procedures like implants, orthognathic surgery, and tooth extractions, can potentially lead to injuries of the mental nerve, resulting in sensory disturbances such as numbness or tingling in the lower lip and chin. This case report highlights an uncommon anterior extension of the mental foramen, posing a risk to the patient if unnoticed. Variations in this structure are possible, emphasizing the need for comprehensive three‐dimensional radiographic analysis before surgery to ensure patient safety. This report sheds light on the significance of identifying and understanding such variations to enhance the safety and precision of oral and maxillofacial interventions.
Anterior extension of the mental foramen.
In this study, the chemotherapeutic effect of α-mangostin (AM) was assessed in rats injected with LA7 cells. Rats received AM orally at 30 and 60 mg/kg twice a week for 4 weeks. Cancer biomarkers ...such as CEA and CA 15-3 were significantly lower in AM-treated rats. Histopathological evaluations showed that AM protects the rat mammary gland from the carcinogenic effects of LA7 cells. Interestingly, AM decreased lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzymes when compared to the control. Immunohistochemistry results of the untreated rats showed abundant PCNA and fewer p53-positive cells than AM-treated rats. Using the TUNEL test, AM-treated animals had higher apoptotic cell numbers than those untreated. This report revealed that that AM lessened oxidative stress, suppressed proliferation, and minimized LA7-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Therefore, the current study suggests that AM has significant potential for breast cancer treatment.
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