Strange matter is believed to exist in the cores of neutron stars based on simple kinematics. If this is true, then hyperon-nucleon interactions will play a significant part in the neutron star ...equation of state. Yet, compared to other elastic scattering processes, there is very little data on Λ-N scattering. This experiment utilized the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) detector to study the Λp→Λp elastic scattering cross section in the incident Λ momentum range 0.9-2.0 GeV/c. These are the first data on this reaction since the 1970s. The new cross sections have significantly better accuracy and precision than the existing world data, and the techniques developed here can also be used in future experiments.
Context.
Dusty debris disks around pre- and main-sequence stars are potential signposts for the existence of planetesimals and exoplanets. Giant planet formation is therefore expected to play a key ...role in the evolution of the disk. This is indirectly confirmed by extant submillimeter near-infrared images of young protoplanetary and cool dusty debris disks around main-sequence stars that usually show substantial spatial structures. With two decades of direct imaging of exoplanets already studied, it is striking to note that a majority of recent discoveries of imaged giant planets have been obtained around young early-type stars hosting a circumstellar disk.
Aims.
Our aim was to create a direct imaging program designed to maximize our chances of giant planet discovery and target 22 young early-type stars. About half of them show indications of multi-belt architectures.
Methods.
Using the IRDIS dual-band imager and the IFS integral field spectrograph of SPHERE to acquire high-constrast coronagraphic differential near-infrared images, we conducted a systematic search in the close environment of these young, dusty, and early-type stars. We used a combination of angular and spectral differential imaging to reach the best detection performances down to the planetary mass regime.
Results.
We confirm that companions detected around HIP 34276, HIP 101800, and HIP 117452 are stationary background sources and binary companions. The companion candidates around HIP 8832, HIP 16095, and HIP 95619 are determined as background contaminations. Regarding the stars for which we infer the presence of debris belts, a theoretical minimum mass for planets required to clear the debris gaps can be calculated. The dynamical mass limit is at least 0.1
M
J
and can exceed 1
M
J
. Direct imaging data is typically sensitive to planets down to ~3.6
M
J
at 1′′, and 1.7
M
J
in the best case. These two limits tightly constrain the possible planetary systems present around each target. These systems will be probably detectable with the next generation of planet imagers.
IntroductionThere has been considerable debate about whether plant milks can support the nutritional requirements of growing children. The proposed systematic review aims to assess the evidence on ...the relationship between plant milk consumption and growth and nutritional status in childhood.Methods and analysisOvid MEDLINE ALL (1946–present), Ovid EMBASE Classic (1947–present), CINAHL Complete (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus, the Cochrane Library and grey literature will be searched comprehensively (from 2000 to present; English language) to find studies that describe the association between plant milk consumption and growth or nutrition in children 1–18 years of age. Two reviewers will identify eligible articles, extract data and assess the risk of bias in individual studies. If a meta-analyses is not conducted, the evidence will be synthesised narratively and the overall certainty of evidence will be rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this study since no data will be collected. Results of the systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Findings from this study may be useful in informing future evidence-based recommendations about plant milk consumption in children.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022367269.
We have measured beam-spin asymmetries to extract the sinϕ moment ALUsinϕ from the hard exclusive e→p→e′nπ+ reaction above the resonance region, for the first time with nearly full coverage from ...forward to backward angles in the center of mass. The ALUsinϕ moment has been measured up to 6.6 GeV2 in −t, covering the kinematic regimes of generalized parton distributions (GPD) and baryon-to-meson transition distribution amplitudes (TDA) at the same time. The experimental results in very forward kinematics demonstrate the sensitivity to chiral-odd and chiral-even GPDs. In very backward kinematics where the TDA framework is applicable, we found ALUsinϕ to be negative, while a sign change was observed near 90° in the center of mass. The unique results presented in this Letter will provide critical constraints to establish reaction mechanisms that can help to further develop the GPD and TDA frameworks.
In the past two decades, deeply virtual Compton scattering of electrons has been successfully used to advance our knowledge of the partonic structure of the free proton and investigate correlations ...between the transverse position and the longitudinal momentum of quarks inside the nucleon. Meanwhile, the structure of bound nucleons in nuclei has been studied in inclusive deep-inelastic lepton scattering experiments off nuclear targets, showing a significant difference in longitudinal momentum distribution of quarks inside the bound nucleon, known as the EMC effect. In this Letter, we report the first beam spin asymmetry (BSA) measurement of exclusive deeply virtual Compton scattering off a proton bound in ^{4}He. The data used here were accumulated using a 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam incident on a pressurized ^{4}He gaseous target placed within the CLAS spectrometer in Hall-B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The azimuthal angle (ϕ) dependence of the BSA was studied in a wide range of virtual photon and scattered proton kinematics. The Q^{2}, x_{B}, and t dependencies of the BSA on the bound proton are compared with those on the free proton. In the whole kinematical region of our measurements, the BSA on the bound proton is smaller by 20% to 40%, indicating possible medium modification of its partonic structure.
This study examined the influence of training volume on resting and exercise-induced plasma markers of oxidative stress (MDA concentration) and antioxidant status (GPX, CAT & SOD erythrocyte ...activities). Moderately trained participants (TG) (n=6; 4 males and 2 females; 25±1.8 years) and sedentary control subjects (CG) participated in the 8-week investigation. The TG increased their training volume from ~4.9 to ~18 h.wk-1 by the end of the investigation. Before the increase in training volume and at 2-week intervals the TG completed a 30 km cycling time trial (TT30) where resting-and post-exercise blood was -sampled and analysed for oxidative stress and antioxidant status. The CG had their resting blood sampled and analysed fortnightly. The data showed that TT30 performance improved in the first 4 weeks but remained unchanged in the last 4. Resting plasma MDA and CAT increased in response to training, with no change in the resting activities of erythrocyte GPX and SOD. Post-TT30 MDA and CAT increased over the training period and training hours positively related to both resting-and post-TT30 MDA. The increase in resting MDA and the up-regulation in CAT in response to an increased training volume may have a role in the identification of a training and performance plateau.
Aims
To assess the direct costs of necessary consumables for minimal care of a child with Type 1 diabetes in countries where the public health system does not regularly provide such care.
Methods
...Supply costs were collected between January 2013 and February 2015 from questionnaires submitted by centres requesting International Diabetes Federation Life for a Child Program support. All 20 centres in 15 countries agreed to the use of their responses. Annual costs for minimal care were estimated for: 18 × 10 ml 100 IU/ml insulin, 1/3 cost of a blood glucose meter, two blood glucose test strips/day, two syringes/week, and four HbA1c tests/year. Costs were expressed in US dollars, and as % of gross national income (purchasing power parity) per capita.
Results
The ranges (median) for the minimum supply costs through the private system were: insulin 10 ml 100 IU/ml equivalent vial: $5.10–$25 ($8.00); blood glucose meter: $15–$121 ($33.33); test strip: $0.15–$1.20 ($0.50); syringe: $0.10–$0.56 ($0.20); and HbA1c: $4.90–$20 ($9.75). Annual costs ranged from $255 (Pakistan) to $1,185 (Burkina Faso), with a median of $553. Annual % gross national income costs were 12–370% (median 56%). For the lowest 20% income earners the annual cost ranged 20–1535% (median 153%). St Lucia and Mongolia were the only countries whose governments consistently provided insulin. No government provided meters and strips, which were the most expensive supplies (62% of total cost).
Conclusions
In less‐resourced countries, even minimal care is beyond many families’ means. In addition, families face additional costs such as consultations, travel and indirect costs. Action to prevent diabetes‐related death and morbidity is needed.
What's new?
There is little published information on the comparative costs of care for a child with Type 1 diabetes in less‐resourced countries, or the proportion of family income spent on such care.
The study highlights the high proportional cost of self‐monitoring of blood glucose.
The study suggests insulin and meter/strip prices are decreasing in some countries, but remain prohibitively high for many families.
Awareness of costs of care may promote review of national and international diabetes care policies and support programmes, and dialogue with and action by other key stakeholders, such as industry.
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