Lithium-ion batteries have been generally used in industrial applications. In order to ensure the safety of the power system and reduce the operation cost, it is particularly important to accurately ...and timely estimate the state of health (SOH) and predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries. With the development of intelligent tools such as artificial intelligence, big data analysis and the Internet of Things, the methods of battery health assessment have been gradually diversified. Here, we have compiled four publicly available battery datasets. The SOH estimations and RUL prognostics of lithium-ion batteries are reviewed by analyzing the research status. To this end, after studying different scientific and technical literatures, the respective methods are divided into specific groups, and the advantages and limitations of the battery management system application are discussed. At the end, the future development trend and research challenges are analyzed. All key insights in this review will hopefully drive the development of battery health estimation and life prediction techniques.
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•Lignin based antimicrobial hydrogel was synthesized for antimicrobial application.•Silver nanoparticles were incorporated to enhance the antimicrobial effect.•The hydrogel shows good ...antibacterial properties towards both S. aureus and E. coli.•The hydrogel displays low toxicity to cells.
Although antibiotics have been widely used, the problem of bacterial infection in the medical field still faces many challenges. In this study, we designed a new lignin based antimicrobial hydrogel for antimicrobial application. First, we grafted the amino group onto sodium lignin sulfonate through Mannich reaction to obtain lignin amine (LA), which can cross-link with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to form hydrogel. Then, silver nitrate solution is added to the formed gel pre-solution to be in situ reduced to silver nanoparticles. The enhanced effect of antibacterial properties due to lignin and silver nanoparticles endows the hydrogel enhanced antibacterial properties. The modification of sodium lignosulfonate and the crosslinking reaction between LA and PVA are confirmed by FTIR, while the content of nitrogen in LA is characterized by XPS. The SEM image of the hydrogel after lyophilization illustrates its internal porous network structure. The rheological test of hydrogel demonstrates its good strength and elasticity. The hydrogel exhibits good antibacterial properties in in vitro antibacterial experiments towards both S. aureus and E. coli, while toxicity tests using L929 cells demonstrated good biocompatibility of the hydrogel.
Nanozyme based on Prussian blue nanocubes (PB NCs) loaded with copper nanoparticles (Cu@PB NCs) was synthesized. The peroxidase (POD)-like activity of Cu@PB NCs was studied and utilized for detecting ...the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The Cu@PB NCs possess higher POD-like activity compared with PB NCs and natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) due to the loading of copper nanoparticles. 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) can be oxidized to oxTMB in the presence of Cu@PB NCs and H
2
O
2
, generating blue-colored compound, while introduction of pyrophosphate (PPi) leads to the POD-like activity of Cu@PB NCs decreased obviously. In the presence of ALP, PPi was hydrolyzed and then the POD-like activity of Cu@PB NCs was restored. So, according to the change of the POD-like activity of Cu@PB NCs, a sensitive colorimetric assay for ALP activity was reported. The limit of detection of the assay is 0.08 mU/mL, with linear range from 0.1 to 50 mU/mL. In addition, the assay was also applied for screening the inhibitors of ALP.
Graphical abstract
Nanozyme based on Prussian blue nanocube (PB NCs) loaded with copper nanoparticles was synthesized and utilized for detecting the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP)–anchored BP nanosheets were synthesized through in situ growth of AuNPs onto BP. Due to the strong chelating ability of P or phosphorus oxides with AuNPs, the stability of BP ...is improved. As proof-of-concept demonstration of the functionalized BP, electrochemical detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) based on BP@AuNPs@aptamer as a probe combined with immunomagnetic separation is reported. The aptamer can specifically bind with CTCs, while the phosphorus oxides including phosphite ion and phosphate ion (PxOy species) on BP and aptamer can react with molybdate to generate an electrochemical current, leading to dual signal amplification. The biosensor is applied to MCF-7 cell detection and displays good analytical performance with a detection limit of 2 cell mL
−1
. Furthermore, the practicality of this biosensor was validated through sensitive determination of MCF-7 cells in human blood. Therefore, the reported biosensor could be applied to detect other biomarkers, offering an ultrasensitive strategy for clinical diagnostics.
Graphical abstract
Electrochemical detection of circulating tumor cells based on gold nanoparticle–modified black phosphorus nanosheets is reported.
As a breakthrough in the field of machine fault diagnosis, deep learning has great potential to extract more abstract and discriminative features automatically without much prior knowledge compared ...with other methods, such as the signal processing and analysis-based methods and machine learning methods with shallow architectures. One of the most important aspects in measuring the extracted features is whether they can explore more information of the inputs and avoid redundancy to be representative. Thus, a stacked sparse autoencoder (SAE)-based machine fault diagnosis method is proposed in this paper. The penalty term of the SAE can help mine essential information and avoid redundancy. To help the constructed diagnosis network further mine more abstract and representative high-level features, the collected non-stationary and transient signals are preprocessed with ensemble empirical mode decomposition and autoregressive (AR) models to obtain AR parameters, which are extracted based on the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and regarded as the low-level features for the inputs of the proposed diagnosis network. Only the first four IMFs are considered, because fault information is mainly reflected in high-frequency IMFs. Experiments and comparisons are complemented to validate the superiority of the presented diagnosis network. Results fully demonstrate that the stacked SAE-based diagnosis method can extract more discriminative high-level features and has a better performance in rotating machinery fault diagnosis compared with the traditional machine learning methods with shallow architectures.
Constructing heterojunctions and designing advanced structures to mimic natural photosynthesis is an effective route to convert CO2 into high-energy chemicals with high efficiency and selectivity. ...Compared to a single-component catalyst, those of two components with different function can corporately facilitate the formation of C2 products. Herein, a type-II heterojunction based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/ZnTe was constructed for the first time for photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction, yielding an impressive ethanol generation rate of 17.1 μmol cm−2 h−1 at -1.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The heterojunction accelerates separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs and transfer of electrons from ZnTe to g-C3N4 driving by an interfacial internal electric field (IEF) formed between the two semiconductors. Moreover, the combination of ZnTe of high CO2 adsorption capacity serves as CO-producing site with g-C3N4 featuring of abundant pyridinic N subsequently accomplishes the C-C coupling process via adsorbing CO and proton-coupled electron transfer. A pipelined mechanism to rationalize the selective reduction of CO2 to ethanol is proposed and discussed.
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•A g-C3N4/ZnTe heterojunction was constructed for photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction.•The heterojunction accelerates charge separation and transfer.•Both ZnTe and g-C3N4 in the hybrid function as CO-producing site and C-C coupling site.•A pipelined mechanism to rationalize the selective reduction of CO2 to ethanol is proposed.•This work provides a promising route of artificial photosynthesis for CO2 reduction.
The microbe-driven iron cycle plays an important role in speciation transformation and migration of arsenic (As) in soil-rice systems. In this study, pot experiments were used to investigate the ...effect of bacterial iron (Fe) reduction processes in soils on As speciation and migration, as well as on As uptake in soil-rice system. During the rice growth period, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in soil solutions initially increased and then decreased, with the ranges of 7.4–8.8 and 116.3–820 mS cm−1, respectively. The concentrations of Fe, total As and As(III) showed an increasing trend in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil solutions with the increasing time. Fe concentrations were significantly positively correlated with total As and As(III) concentrations (***p < 0.001) in the soil solutions. The abundances of the arsenate reductase gene (arsC) and the As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase gene (arsM) in rhizosphere soils were higher than those in non-rhizosphere soils, while the abundance of the Fe-reducing bacteria (Geo) showed an opposite trend. Moreover, it showed that the Geo abundance was significantly positively correlated with that of the arsC (***p < 0.001) and arsM (**p < 0.01) genes, respectively. The abundances of Geo, arsC and arsM genes were significantly positively correlated with the concentrations of Fe, total As and As(III) in the soil solutions (*p < 0.05). Moreover, the abundances of arsC and arsM genes were significantly negatively correlated with total As and As(III) in rice grains (*P < 0.05). These results showed that the interaction of bacterial Fe reduction process and radial oxygen loss from roots promoted the reduction and methylation of As, and then decreased As uptake by rice, which provided a theoretical basis for alleviating As pollution in paddy soils.
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•The arsC and arsM in rhizosphere soils were higher than those in non-rhizosphere.•Geo abundances were positively correlated with arsC and arsM abundances in soils.•The Geo, arsC and arsM were positively correlated with Fe, total As and As(III).•ArsC and arsM were negatively correlated with total As and As(III) in rice grains.
The interaction of bacterial Fe reduction and ROL from roots promoted the reduction and methylation of As, and then decreased As uptake by rice, which provided a theoretical basis for alleviating As pollution in paddy soils.
The presence of extremely large negative linear compressibilities (NLC) in crystalline silver oxalate was discovered in a recent work by using first principles solid-state calculations. Although the ...minimum value of the NLC was found for a negative applied hydrostatic pressure, in this work the presence of NLC in this material for positive applied pressures is verified experimentally by means of high-pressure X-ray diffraction experiments performed at room temperature in the Beijing synchrotron radiation facility. The results of this study demonstrate with certainty that the compressibility of silver oxalate along 010 crystallographic direction is negative for applied pressures in the range from 0.0 to 0.85 GPa. Since the measured compressibility decreases largely as the pressure decreases, large negative values of the compressibility are expected for negative applied pressures in agreement with the results found using first principles methods. Furthermore, the analysis of the variation of the lattice parameters of the crystal structure of silver oxalate under pressure in the principal axes reference system revealed that this material also exhibits the largest negative area compressibility phenomenon found so far at zero pressure, the values of the compressibilities along two of the principal axes being − 16.7 and − 20.0
TPa
-
1
. The negative compressibility phenomenon in silver oxalate can be rationalized in terms of a “chains of rotating parallelograms” structural model.
Abstract
Anomalous mechanical materials, with counterintuitive stress-strain responding behaviors, have emerged as novel type of functional materials with highly enhanced performances. Here we ...demonstrate that the materials with coexisting negative, zero and positive linear compressibilities can squeeze three-dimensional volume compressibility into one dimension, and provide a general and effective way to precisely stabilize the transmission processes under high pressure. We propose a “corrugated-graphite-like” structural model and discover lithium metaborate (LiBO
2
) to be the first material with such a mechanical behavior. The capability to keep the flux density stability under pressure in LiBO
2
is at least two orders higher than that in conventional materials. Our study opens a way to the design and search of ultrastable transmission materials under extreme conditions.
A ratiometric fluorescence assay was designed for determination of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a spore-specific compound which is used as a biomarker for
Bacillus anthracis
spores for food and medical ...product safety analysis. The dual-channel fluorescence probe integrates two fluorescent materials, Eu
3+
ion and gold nanocluster (Au NC). The Au NC is used as a reference channel to measure background noise and the Eu
3+
ion as the DPA-specific response signal channel. The probe was prepared through simply combing bovine serum albumin (BSA)-scaffolded Eu
3+
ion and Au NCs. When excited at 530 nm, in the presence of DPA, the fluorescence signals of Eu
3+
ion at 595, 617, and 695 nm increased significantly while the 650 nm signal of Au NC reference remained relatively constant. This fluorescence probe has good photo-stability and also displays good selectivity and high sensitivity for DPA with a low detection limit of 0.8 μM. The linear range of the ratiometric probe for DPA is 1–50 μM. For determination of DPA released during the germination of
Bacillus subtilis
spores, the detection results were in agreement with measurements by conventional calorimetry assay. The method may have potential for measuring the level of contamination and germination by spores.
Graphical Abstract
Dual-channel fluorescence biosensor was designed to detect dipicolinic acid, a spore-specific compound which is used as a biomarker for
Bacillus anthracis
spores for food and medical product safety analysis
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