Pangolins are endangered animals in urgent need of protection. Identifying and cataloguing the viruses carried by pangolins is a logical approach to evaluate the range of potential pathogens and help ...with conservation. This study provides insight into viral communities of Malayan Pangolins (
) as well as the molecular epidemiology of dominant pathogenic viruses between Malayan Pangolin and other hosts. A total of 62,508
assembled contigs were constructed, and a BLAST search revealed 3600 ones (≥300 nt) were related to viral sequences, of which 68 contigs had a high level of sequence similarity to known viruses, while dominant viruses were the Sendai virus and Coronavirus. This is the first report on the viral diversity of pangolins, expanding our understanding of the virome in endangered species, and providing insight into the overall diversity of viruses that may be capable of directly or indirectly crossing over into other mammals.
In this work, a water splitting photoanode composed of a BiVO4 thin film surface modified by the deposition of a rhodium (Rh)‐doped SrTiO3 perovskite is fabricated, and the Rh‐doped SrTiO3 outer ...layer exhibits special photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxygen evolution co‐catalytic activity. Controlled intensity modulated photo‐current spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and other electrochemical results indicate that the Rh on the perovskite provide an oxidation active site during the PEC water oxidation process by reducing the reaction energy barrier for water oxidation. Theoretical calculations indicate that the water oxidation reaction is more likely to occur on the (110) crystal plane of Rh‐SrTiO3 because the oxygen evolution reaction overpotential on the (110) crystal plane is reduced significantly. Therefore, the obtained BiVO4/Rh5%‐SrTiO3 photoanode exhibits an optimized PEC performance. In particular, it facilitates the saturation of the photocurrent density. Thus, the presence of doped Rh in SrTiO3 can reduce the amount of noble metals required while achieving excellent and stable oxygen evolution properties.
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) cocatalytic performance of Rh‐doped perovskite SrTiO3
is researched. Rh provides the main active sites for the OER and the overpotential over the Rh‐SrTiO3 (110) facet is significantly reduced. Rh‐doped SrTiO3 greatly reduces the amount of noble metals, but displays excellent oxygen evolution properties. It also takes into account the stability of perovskite materials.
Solar evaporation is one of the most attractive and sustainable approaches to address worldwide freshwater scarcity. Unfortunately, it is still a crucial challenge that needs to be confronted when ...the solar evaporator faces harsh application environments. Herein, a promising polymer molding method that combines melt blending and compression molding, namely micro extrusion compression molding, is proposed for the cost‐effective fabrication of lightweight polyethylene/graphene nanosheets (PE/GNs) foam with interconnected vapor escape channels and surface micro‐nanostructures. A contact angle of 155 ± 2°, a rolling angle of 5 ± 1° and reflectance of ≈1.6% in the wavelength range of 300–2500 nm appears on the micro‐nanostructured PE/GNs foam surface. More interestingly, the micro‐nanostructured PE/GNs foam surface can maintain a robust superhydrophobic state under dynamic impacting, high temperature and acid‐/alkali solutions. These results mean that the micro‐nanostructured PE/GNs foam surface possesses self‐cleaning, anti‐icing and photothermal deicing properties at the same time. Importantly, the foam exhibits an evaporation rate of 1.83 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 Sun illumination and excellent salt rejecting performance when it is used as a self‐floating solar evaporator. The proposed method provides an ideal and industrialized approach for the mass production of solar evaporators suitable for practical application environments.
An efficient micro extrusion compression molding method is proposed for the cost‐effective fabrication of lightweight PE/GNs foam with interconnected vapor escape channels and surface micro‐nanostructures. The prepared foam possesses excellent anti‐icing and photothermal deicing properties, and exhibits an evaporation rate of 1.83 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 Sun illumination when it is used as a self‐floating solar evaporator.
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) refers to the unintentional termination of two or more consecutive pregnancies that severely threatens human reproductive health. Our previous study has shown ...that miR-184 is expressed more highly in RSA than in normal pregnancy, whether in the villus or decidua. In this study, compared with normal pregnant women, the expression of miR-184 in decidual stromal cells (DSCs) and decidual immune cells (DICs), as well as in peripheral blood, from RSA patients was enhanced similarly. Moreover, we found miR-184 could promote the apoptosis and repress the proliferation of trophoblast cells. Further exploration indicated that miR-184 upregulated the expression of Fas by targeting WIG1 thus inducing cell apoptosis. Finally, after miR-184 overexpression in vivo, the embryo resorption rate in pregnant mice was increased significantly. Therefore, our study outlines the pivotal role of miR-184 in maintaining successful pregnancy, providing a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for RSA.
Enhanced glycolysis in cancer cells has been linked to cell protection from DNA damaging signals, although the mechanism is largely unknown. The 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 ...(PFKFB3) catalyzes the generation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, a potent allosteric stimulator of glycolysis. Intriguingly, among the four members of PFKFB family, PFKFB3 is uniquely localized in the nucleus, although the reason remains unclear. Here we show that chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin promotes glycolysis, which is suppressed by PFKFB3 deletion. Mechanistically, cisplatin induces PFKFB3 acetylation at lysine 472 (K472), which impairs activity of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and accumulates PFKFB3 in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic accumulation of PFKFB3 facilitates its phosphorylation by AMPK, leading to PFKFB3 activation and enhanced glycolysis. Inhibition of PFKFB3 sensitizes tumor to cisplatin treatment in a xenograft model. Our findings reveal a mechanism for cells to stimulate glycolysis to protect from DNA damage and potentially suggest a therapeutic strategy to sensitize tumor cells to genotoxic agents by targeting PFKFB3.
Surface passivation of the photoelectrode by wide bandgap semiconductor quantum layer is an important strategy to improve work stability and surface state inhibition. However, an inevitable energy ...barrier is generated during the quantum tunneling process of the photocarriers. To overcome this shortage, a tandem photo‐generated hole transfer route is fabricated on BiVO4 photoanode by doped dual‐quantum layers modification, Ni‐ZnO (5 nm) and Rh‐SrTiO3 (≈10 nm). Modulated photoelectrochemical (PEC), Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP), and DFT calculation method results indicate that a tandem hole ohmic contact route is formed in the photoanode to reduce the quantum tunneling energy barrier, meanwhile, the photon absorption capacity of BiVO4 is improved after doped quantum layers modification. Both a phenomenal attribute to the energy band hybridization between Ni, Rh 3d orbits in quantum layers with BiVO4 photoanode. Then, the modified BiVO4 photoanode achieves the recoded photocurrent density of 6.47 and 5.18 mA cm–2 (Na2SO3 electrolyte, VRHE = 1.23 V) under simulated sun light (100 mW cm–2 AM 1.5 G) by xenon lamp illumination without and with UV composition cutting down to ≈5%, respectively. Generally, this work will highlight a potential application in the fields of PEC water splitting and photovoltaic conversion for various semiconductor nanomaterials.
This work develops doped dual‐quantum layers to modify the surface of BiVO4 photoanode. In this system, hybridization appears at the energy band of BiVO4 photoanode by doped dual‐quantum layers modification, inducing photon absorption capacity enhancement and tandem hole ohmic contact route fabrication. Thus, the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance of the BiVO4 photoanode improves significantly.
With the rapid advance of electronics, the light, flexible, and multifunctional composite films with high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness and excellent thermal management ...are highly desirable for next‐generation portable and wearable electronic devices. Herein, a series of flexible and ultrathin natural rubber/MXene/carbon nanotubes (NR/MXene/CNTs) composite films with sandwich structure are constructed layer by layer through a facile vacuum‐assisted filtration method for EMI shielding and Joule heating application. The fabricated NR/MXene/CNTs‐50 composite film, with NR/MXene as inner layer and NR/CNTs as out layers, not only has high EMI shielding efficiency, but also has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties at the thickness of only 200 µm. In addition, the superior environmental durability, high electrothermal conversion efficiency, hydrophobicity, and fine performance stability after periodic cyclic bending make the film possess more value in practical application.
In this work, a multilayer natural rubber/MXene/carbon nanotubes (NR/MXene/CNTs) composite film is assembled with sandwich structure layer by layer through vacuum assisted filtration method. The NR/MXene layer is encapsulated inside the composite film by the outer NR/CNTs layers, which not only ensures the film's excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance, but also makes it has superior mechanical properties and stability in humid environment.
In this paper, we explore the viewing angle effect on black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) merger kilonova lightcurves. We extrapolate the fitting formulae for the mass and velocity of dynamical ejecta ...across a wide mass ratio range validated with 66 simulations and use them in kilonova lightcurve calculations. The calculated peak luminosity of a BH-NS merger kilonova is typically about a few times 1041 erg s−1, which is always 4.5 × 1041 erg s−1. This corresponds to AB absolute magnitudes fainter than ∼−15 mag in the optical and ∼−16 mag in the infrared. The dynamical ejecta usually contribute to the majority of the kilonova emission, as its projected photosphere area is much larger than that of the disk wind outflows. The fitted blackbody temperature and the observed multiband lightcurve shape are insensitive to the line of sight. The peak time of the observed multiband lightcurves, affected by the light-propagation effect, is related to the relative motion direction between the dynamical ejecta and the observer. The predicted peak luminosity, which changes with the projected photosphere area, only varies by a factor of ∼(2-3) (or by ∼1 mag) for different viewing angles. When taking the short-duration gamma-ray burst afterglow into account, for an on-axis geometry, the kilonova emission is usually outshone by the afterglow emission and can only be observed in the redder bands, especially in the K band at late times. Compared with GW 170817/AT 2017gfo, BH-NS merger kilonovae are optically dim but possibly infrared bright, and have lower fitting temperature at the same epoch after the merger.
Metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) behaviors accompanied by a rapid reversible phase transition in vanadium dioxide (VO2) have gained substantial attention for investigations into various potential ...applications and obtaining good materials to study strongly correlated electronic behaviors in transition metal oxides (TMOs). Although its phase-transition mechanism is still controversial, during the past few decades, people have made great efforts in understanding the MIT mechanism, which could also benefit the investigation of MIT modulation. This review summarizes the recent progress in the phase-transition mechanism and modulation of VO2 materials. A representative understanding on the phase-transition mechanism, such as the lattice distortion and electron correlations, are discussed. Based on the research of the phase-transition mechanism, modulation methods, such as element doping, electric field (current and gating), and tensile/compression strain, as well as employing lasers, are summarized for comparison. Finally, discussions on future trends and perspectives are also provided. This review gives a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of MIT behaviors and the phase-transition modulations.
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