Video stabilization techniques are essential for most hand-held captured videos due to high-frequency shakes. Several 2D-, 2.5D-, and 3D-based stabilization techniques have been presented previously, ...but to the best of our knowledge, no solutions based on deep neural networks had been proposed to date. The main reason for this omission is shortage in training data as well as the challenge of modeling the problem using neural networks. In this paper, we present a video stabilization technique using a convolutional neural network. Previous works usually propose an off-line algorithm that smoothes a holistic camera path based on feature matching. Instead, we focus on low-latency, real-time camera path smoothing that does not explicitly represent the camera path and does not use future frames. Our neural network model, called StabNet, learns a set of mesh-grid transformations progressively for each input frame from the previous set of stabilized camera frames and creates stable corresponding latent camera paths implicitly. To train the network, we collect a dataset of synchronized steady and unsteady video pairs via a specially designed hand-held hardware. Experimental results show that our proposed online method performs comparatively to the traditional off-line video stabilization methods without using future frames while running about 10 times faster. More importantly, our proposed StabNet is able to handle low-quality videos, such as night-scene videos, watermarked videos, blurry videos, and noisy videos, where the existing methods fail in feature extraction or matching.
•The provision of sufficient job opportunities is a primary concern for the central governments.•The opening of the HSR increases job opportunities at the national level.•Spatial dependence of job ...opportunities is found.
The provision of sufficient job opportunities has traditionally been a primary objective for both local and central governments. In response to this concern, we investigate spatial dependence of job opportunities among 30 Chinese provincial capital cities (PCCs) from 2002 to 2016, giving special attention to the spatial spillovers of the opening of the high-speed rail (HSR). Using appropriate spatial panel data models, our findings suggest the presence of significant spatial autocorrelation of job opportunities among PCCs. Whilst the HSR has been found to increase job opportunities at the national level, which, however, is not confirmed at the regional level. The spatial spillover effects of the HSR are significant and positive only in the eastern/northeastern region. These findings can help the central government to more fully understand spatial dependence of job opportunities, better plan future HSR networks, and efficiently allocate transportation resources, encouraging cross-regional collaboration to promote regional employment.
Because of its high prevalence worldwide, osteoporosis is considered a serious public health concern. Many known risk factors for developing osteoporosis have been identified and are crucial if ...planning health care needs. Recently, an association between uric acid (UA) and bone fractures had been explored. Extracellular UA exhibits antioxidant properties by effectively scavenging free radicals in human plasma, but this benefit might be disturbed by the hydrophobic lipid layer of the cell membrane. In contrast, intracellular free oxygen radicals are produced during UA degradation, and superoxide is further enhanced by interacting with NADPH oxidase. This intracellular oxidative stress, together with inflammatory cytokines induced by UA, stimulates osteoclast bone resorption and inhibits osteoblast bone formation. UA also inhibits vitamin D production and thereby results in hyper-parathyroidism, which causes less UA excretion in the intestines and renal proximal tubules by inhibiting the urate transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). At normal or high levels, UA is associated with a reduction in bone mineral density and protects against bone fracture. However, in hyperuricemia or gout arthritis, UA increases bone fracture risk because oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines can increase bone resorption and decrease bone formation. Vitamin D deficiency, and consequent secondary hyperparathyroidism, can further increase bone resorption and aggravated bone loss in UA-induced osteoporosis.
Regiocontrol in traditional cycloaddition reactions between unsaturated carbon compounds is often challenging. The increasing focus in modern medicinal chemistry on benzocyclobutene (BCB) scaffolds ...indicates the need for alternative, more selective routes to diverse rigid carbocycles rich in C(sp
) character. Here, we report a palladium-catalyzed double C-H activation of two adjacent methylene units in carboxylic acids, enabled by bidentate amide-pyridone ligands, to achieve a regio-controllable synthesis of BCBs through a formal 2+2 cycloaddition involving σ bonds only (two C-H bonds and two aryl-halogen bonds). A wide range of cyclic and acyclic aliphatic acids, as well as dihaloheteroarenes, are compatible, generating diversely functionalized BCBs and hetero-BCBs present in drug molecules and bioactive natural products.
•We empirically test economic impacts of China’s high-speed railways (HSRs) network.•Our spatial econometric model confirms that HSR drives local economic growth.•However, the spill-over effect is ...insignificant.•HSR significantly increases growth in large-mega cities and developed cities.•However, it could widen economic disparity in China.
China’s high-speed railways (HSRs) networks have dramatically expanded since 2008, which is widely believed to have promoted economic growth. This study empirically tests this hypothesis and analyses the impact of HSRs on economic disparity between 2002 and 2016 in China using a spatial econometric model. The results confirm the role of HSRs as a driving force in promoting local economic growth, although the spill-over effect is found to be insignificant. However, the cross-city analysis suggests there are heterogeneous effects of HSRs on economic growth. By dividing the sample into small-medium cities and large-mega cities, as well as least-developed, developing, and developed cities, this study finds that HSRs make a significant positive contribution to economic growth in large-mega cities and developed cities but has insignificant effects in other cities. The results indicate that HSRs can widen economic disparity in China. Our findings not only advance the understanding of the role of HSRs in promoting China’s economic growth but also provide insights for planning future HSR networks. This study concludes that each city should reasonably plan its HSR network to promote economic growth and reduce economic disparity by accounting for different resource endowments, especially geographic and population factors.
In the absence of adequate oxygen, cancer cells that are grown in hypoxic solid tumors resist treatment using antitumor drugs (such as doxorubicin, DOX), owing to their attenuated intracellular ...production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy favorably improves oxygen transport to the hypoxic tumor tissues, thereby increasing the sensitivity of tumor cells to DOX. However, the use of HBO with DOX potentiates the ROS-mediated cytotoxicity of the drug toward normal tissues. In this work, we hypothesize that regional oxygen treatment by an implanted oxygen-generating depot may enhance the cytotoxicity of DOX against malignant tissues in a highly site-specific manner, without raising systemic oxygen levels. Upon implantation close to the tumor, the oxygen-generating depot reacts with the interstitial medium to produce oxygen in situ, effectively shrinking the hypoxic regions in the tumor tissues. Increasing the local availability of oxygen causes the cytotoxicity of DOX that is accumulated in the tumors to be significantly enhanced by the elevated production of ROS, ultimately allaying the hypoxia-induced DOX resistance in solid malignancies. Importantly, this enhancement of cytotoxicity is limited to the site of the tumors, and this feature of the system that is proposed herein is unique.
Two new indole diketopiperazine alkaloids (IDAs), (+)19‐epi‐sclerotiamide (1) and (−)19‐epi‐sclerotiamide (2), along with 13 known analogs (3–15), were isolated from a soft coral‐associated epiphytic ...fungus Aspergillus versicolor CGF 9‐1‐2. The structures of two new compounds were established based on the combination of HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, optical rotation measurements and quantum chemical 13C‐NMR, the absolute configurations were determined by experimental and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The results of molecular docking showed that all the compounds had a good binding with TDP1, TDP2, TOP1, TOP2, Ache, NLRP3, EGFR, EGFR L858R, EGFR T790M and EGFR T790/L858. Biological evaluation of compounds 3, 6, 8, 11 showed that 3 exerted a strong inhibitory effect on TDP2 with a rate of 81.72 %.
Summary
Aims
Intravenous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) had been documented to improve functional outcome after ischemic stroke. However, the timing and appropriate ...cell number of transplantation to achieve better outcome after an episode of stroke remain further to be optimized.
Methods
To determine the optimal conditions, we transplanted different concentrations of BMSCs at different time points in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Infarction volume and neurological behavioral tests were performed after ischemia.
Results
We found that transplantation of BMSCs at 3 and 24 h, but not 7 days after focal ischemia, significantly reduced the lesion volume and improved motor deficits. We also found that transplanted cells at 1 × 106 to 107, but not at 1 × 104 to 105, significantly improved functional outcome after stroke. In addition to inhibiting macrophages/microglia activation in the ischemic brain, BMSC transplantation profoundly reduced infiltration of gamma delta T (γδT) cells, which are detrimental to the ischemic brain, and significantly increased regulatory T cells (Tregs), along with altered Treg‐associated cytokines in the ischemic brain.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that timing and cell dose of transplantation determine the therapeutic effects after focal ischemia by modulating poststroke neuroinflammation.
Four new benzodipyran racemates, namely (±)-aspergiletals A-D (
-
), representing a rare pyrano4,3-
chromene scaffold were isolated together with eurotiumide G (
) and eurotiumide F (
) from the ...soft-coral-derived fungus
sp. EGF 15-0-3. All the corresponding optically pure enantiomers were successfully separated by a chiral HPLC column. The structures and configurations of all the compounds were elucidated based on the combination of NMR and HRESIMS data, chiral separation, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, quantum chemical
C NMR, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Meanwhile, the structure of eurotiumide G was also revised. The TDP1 inhibitor activities and photophysical properties of the obtained compounds were evaluated. In the TDP1 inhibition assay, as a result of synergy between (+)-
and (-)-
, (±)-
displayed strong inhibitory activity to TDP1 with IC
values of 6.50 ± 0.73 μM. All compounds had a large Stokes shift and could be utilized for elucidating the mode of bioactivities by fluorescence imaging.
Five new ergostanes, penicisteroids D-H (
-
), were isolated from the liquid culture of the deep-sea-derived fungus
MCCC 3A00475, along with 27 known compounds. The structures of the new steroids ...were established mainly on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR as well as HRESIMS data. Moreover, the absolute configurations of
were confirmed unambiguously by the single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Compounds
and
⁻
showed moderate antiproliferative effects selectively against 12 different cancer cell lines with IC
values of around 5 μM. Compounds
and
, potent
binders with Kd values of 13.8 and 12.9 μM, respectively, could induce apoptosis by a Retinoid X Receptor (
)-
-dependent mechanism by regulating RXRα transcriptional expression and promoting the poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Moreover, they could inhibit proliferation by cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.
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