Većina naših mljekara je svoju proizvodnju orijentirala isključivo na proizvodnju raznih vrsta sireva. Vjerojatno sve naše konzumne mljekare daju po 5-10 hiljada L mlijeka dnevno za proizvodnju ...sireva, što znači da praktično nema mljekare u našoj zemlji koja nije potrošač sirila.
Za proizvodnju fermentiranih proizvoda upotrebljava se asocijacija sojeva Lactobacillus bulgaricus i Streptococcus thermophilus, kod kojih nisu dovoljno definirane metabolitske sposobnosti pojedinih ...sojeva. Danas se koriste čisti sojevi bakterija mliječne kiseline sa poznatim biokemijskim karakteristikama naročito u pogledu brzine stvaranja aciditeta, acetilaldehida, viskoziteta, evolucije aciditeta na niskim temperaturama.
Ispitivana je trajnost termiziranog jogurta i jogurta s voćem uskladištenog na 6-8 °C i 15-20 °C do 40 dana. Uzorci 40 dana u hladnjaku i 10 dana na sobnoj temperaturi nisu pokazali nikakve promjene.
Pojava da bakterijske kulture katkada ne mogu da fermentiraju mlijeko u željenom pravcu jedan je od problema u proizvodnji mliječnih proizvoda. Ako otklonimo sve uzroke koji su vezani za kvalitetu i ...životnu aktivnost kulture, isključimo mogućnost postojanja bakteriofaga u proizvodnom procesu, onda ostaje mlijeko kao izvor inhibitornih faktora.
Despite presenting a practical approach for the characterization of the environmental risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) derived from steel production facilities, the analysis of the spatial ...distribution of bioavailable PTEs concentrations in the soil is frequently overlooked in the management of polluted sites. In this study, the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable forms of PTEs were investigated in soils surrounding the largest Serbian steel production plant. The correlation and geostatistical analysis indicated their pronounced variability suggesting the anthropogenic origin of most investigated elements, apparently from the steel production facility. The detailed visualization of variables and observations derived by self-organizing maps (SOMs) revealed the homologies in PTEs’ distribution patterns, implying the common origin of some elements. These observations were confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The аpplied approach supports a comprehensive assessment of contaminated sites' ecological and health risks and provides a basis for soil remediation.
Gully erosion leads to the formation of deep and wide channels that increase the risk of soil loss, flooding, and water pollution. In addition, this process reduces the productivity and viability of ...agricultural land and natural ecosystems. Preventing gully erosion is critical for maintaining ecological balance and preserving natural resources in certain areas. This paper presents a methodology integrating remote sensing and nuclear techniques to study gully erosion. The morphometric characterization of gullies using 360-degree camera photogrammetry was introduced as a new method in erosion research. This approach aims to investigate the suitability of unmanned aerial vehicle and terrestrial photogrammetry for modeling gullies, to study the variability of erosion processes in gullies at a small scale, and to compare the differences in erosion intensity between nearby gullies. The study's objectives include identifying the effective and economical method for gullies monitoring and providing a starting point for controlling and safeguarding gullies. Mainly erosion process was detected in the studied gullies, while deposition was identified at only 2 out of 39 sampling locations. The results showed an average soil redistribution rate of 16.2 t ha−1 yr−1 and coefficients of variation of 32%, 59%, and 91% for three investigated gullies. It was determined that aerial photogrammetry methods were not practical under the conditions prevailing in the study area. Highly detailed 3D models of the gullies were created using 360-degree photogrammetry. It was confirmed that the micro-relief obtained by photogrammetric modeling is an essential contribution to erosion research. The 360-degree camera photogrammetry serves as a reliable tool for analyzing the morphology of gullies and, in perspective, tracking changes in gully systems over time or monitoring the effectiveness of the applied protection measures.
•High variability of erosion rates within gullies was identified at a small scale.•The erosion rates were higher on the sidewalls than at the bottom of the gullies.•The slope is a more important erosion factor within gullies than the slope length.•Detailed 3D photogrammetry model allows accurate gullies morphometry and mapping.•Microrelief obtained by a 360-degree camera is a vital input to erosion research.
Hilly terrains characterized by the looseness of the surface soil layer and the slope of the topographic surface are subjected to diverse erosion processes, which could greatly impact forest ...management. An erosive process was identified along the unstable slopes in most of the Crveni potok catchment in the southeastern part of Serbia. The results of this study indicate two erosion types of variable intensity, dominated by weak and moderate erosion, while severe erosion is identified at several locations. Water pressure in the pores of loose soil in the Crveni potok catchment generates gully erosion in parts of the catchment that are geologically predisposed by the composition of the parent substrate. The paper discusses the factors influencing gully erosion, such as soil density, the slope of the topographic surface, rainfall (precipitation amount, annual distribution), and vegetation characteristics. The set of used methodologies, including remote sensing, nuclear, and geospatial ones, provided an integrated assessment of factors affecting erosion in unstable forest areas. The soil erosion rates in the study area are estimated from inventories of fallout radionuclide
137
Cs using conversion models. Airborne photogrammetry, terrestrial Structure-from-Motion 360-degree camera photogrammetry, and Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning (TLS) are used to model complex geomorphological features of forest terrain. These techniques are found to be convenient for the quantification of the existing state of erosion (length, width, volume, and density of the gully systems) in the forest gullies. The remote sensing techniques provided an insight into the physiographic characteristics of the studied area important for determining its parts affected by erosion. The models obtained using different techniques are compared, techniques are evaluated, and their advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. This approach enables the identification of priority targets for soil conservation and site-specific remediation measures to foster sustainable forest management.
Pesticide poisonings, intentional as well as accidental, are common, especially in undeveloped and developing countries. The goal of this study was to analyze the clinical presentation of patients ...hospitalized due to acute organophosphate (OPP) or carbamate pesticide (CP) poisoning as well as to analyze the factors that potentially influenced the severity and outcome of the poisonings. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. The age and gender of each patient were recorded, the type of ingested pesticide, whether the poisoning was intentional or accidental, number of days of hospitalization, the severity of the poisoning, and the outcome of the treatment (i.e., whether the patient survived or not). Clinical aspects of poisonings were analyzed, as well as the therapeutic measures performed. 60 patients were hospitalized due to acute OPP or CP poisoning, out of 51 (85.00%) were cases of intentional self-poisoning. The majority of patients were poisoned by OPPs (76.67%), in one-third the causative agent was malathion, followed in frequency by chlorpyrifos and diazinon. Dimethoate poisonings were manifested with the most severe clinical picture. A 70% or lower activity of reference values of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase was found in 50% and 58% of patients, respectively. The most common symptom was miosis (58.33%), followed by nausea and vomiting. Pralidoxime reactivated acetylcholinesterase inhibited by chlorpyrifos or diazinon, but not with malathion or dimethoate. Impairment of consciousness and respiratory failure, as well as the degree of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, were prognostic signs of the severity of poisoning. The lethal outcome was more often found in older patients (t = 2.41, p = 0.019). The type of ingested pesticide significantly affects the severity and outcome of poisoning as well as the effectiveness of antidotes.
We present a case of a severe anaphylactic reaction to diclofenac, administered as an intravenous infusion in a 45-year-old patient, during intravenous anesthesia for in vitro fertilization. During ...the preoperative clinical examination and obtaining of anamnestic data, the patient denied symptoms of allergies to medicines and other substances. The dominant clinical manifestations of anaphylactic reaction were: hypotension, tachycardia, angioedema, bronchospasm, and delayed awakening following anesthesia. No visible changes in the appearance of the skin, such as erythema or urticaria have been observed. Proper clinical observation and adequate intraoperative monitoring led to rapid diagnosis and significantly reduced the time interval from the onset of anaphylaxis to the beginning of treatment and reanimation procedures.
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