A collection of fourteen winter wheat accessions was evaluated to describe agro-morphological traits over a two-year study at four locations. Changes in grain yield, test weight, and plant height ...were related to differences in growing seasons, locations, genotypes, and their interactions. Thus, some genotypes are suitable for one location but not for another. However, a PCA showed that genotypes 2, 26, 28, 32, and 31 were the most stable across environments. In the 2022/2023 season, a negative relationship was observed between septoria leaf blotch, septoria nodorum blotch, yellow rust, fusarium head blight, and grain yield. Grain yield decreased by 84.8, 72.3, 37.4, and 4.3% in Kutjevo, Osijek, Tovarnik, and Zagreb, respectively, compared to the 2021/2022 season. Additionally, in the 2022/2023 season, barley yellow dwarf virus weakened wheat plants, especially at the locations Kutjevo, Tovarnik, and Osijek, where a relationship was observed with septoria leaf blotch and powdery mildew. At the Zagreb location, wheat genotypes were planted at the latest sowing date, probably escaping the virus pressure after plants easily tolerated diseases, resulting in a significantly higher mean grain yield.
The wheat grain yields increased in EU from 4.98 t ha−1 to 5.45 t ha−1 in the periods from 2006 to 2014 to from 2015 to 2023. It is hypothesized that changes in specific morphological traits over the ...years resulted in grain yield increase due to the utilization of new wheat varieties in production. To highlight the current status and changes over time, we evaluated a comprehensive panel of 1322 wheat varieties that included testing of morphological traits of varieties recognized from period from 2006 till 2023. Positive relation of registration year with traits such as seed color, glaucosity of neck of culm, plant height, ear length, scurs and awns length, ear color, and shape of the beak of the lower glume was obtained. The most significant changes over time resulted in a darker color of the seed, decreased area of hairiness of the convex surface of the apical rachis segment, enhanced glaucosity of the neck of the culm and decreased frequency of the plants with recurved flag leaves. It was shown that traits such as the frequency of plants with recurved flag leaves, time of emergence, glaucosity of flag leaves, existence of scurs and awns, and area of the hairiness of the convex surface of the apical rachis segment had significant decreases over time. This research demonstrated the importance of twelve morphological traits in the varietal improvement of grain yield over the time from 2006 to 2023.
Vlada Republike Hrvatske je na sjednici održanoj 26. ožujka 1998. godine donijela uredbu o osnivanju Zavoda za sjemenarstvo i rasadničarstvo kao nacionalnog ovlaštenog tijela za provođenje svih ...poslova iz područja sjemenarstva i rasadničarstva. Od samog osnivanja kako bi se podržao sektor industrije sjemena krenulo je povezivanje sa svim međunarodnim organizacijama iz područja priznavanja i zaštite novih biljnih sorti poljoprivrednog bilja, stručnog nadzora sjemenske proizvodnje, izdavanja certifikata za sjeme i sadni materijal i laboratorijskih analiza na sjemenu. Danas je Centar za sjemenarstvo i rasadničarstvo član svih međunarodnih organizacija i udruženja iz područja proizvodnje i stavljanja na tržište sjemena. U radu će se dati prikaz ostvarenja u 25 godina rada u području sjemenarstva s međunarodnim organizacijama.
At the session held on March 26, 1998, the Government of the Republic of Croatia adopted a decree on the establishment of the Institute (today the Centre) for seed and seedlings as a nationally designated authority for carrying out all work in the field of seed and seedlings production. From the very foundation, to support the seed industry sector, connections were made with all international organizations in the field of recognition and protection of new plant varieties of agricultural plants, field inspection of seed production, issuing of certificates for seeds and seedlings, and laboratory analyses of seeds. Today, the Centre for Seed and seedlings is in all memberships that are related to work from the scope of work. The paper will present the achievements in 25 years of work in the field of seed production with international organizations.
Tijekom 2022. godine provedena su poljska istraživanja s ciljem utvrđivanja utjecaja varijante prihrane dušika na prinos zrna (kg/ha), sadržaj bjelančevina (%) i hektolitarsku masu (kg/hl) u ozimoj ...pšenici. Pokus je proveden na sorti Kraljica, najzastupljenijoj sorti ozime pšenice u Republici Hrvatskoj. Uz identičnu osnovnu gnojidbu na svim varijantama, istraživanje je provedeno na pet varijanti prihrane dušikom (mineralno gnojivo sa 27 % N). U pokusu primijenjene su sljedeće razine opskrbljenosti dušikom (0, 50, 75, 150 i 200 kg N/ha). Istraživanje je provedeno na poljoprivrednim površinama HAPIH-a - Centar za sjemenarstvo i rasadničarstvo, na lokaciji Osijek (N 45°31, E 18°40´) u četiri ponavljanja po blok metodi sa slučajnim rasporedom uz primjenu standardne agrotehnike za ozimu pšenicu. Rezultati pokazuju statistički značajne razlike (P<0,01) između varijanti prihrane. Najveći prosječni prinos, sadržaj bjelančevina kao i hektolitarsku masu ostvarila je varijanta prihrane s 200 kg N/ha.
In 2022, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of different supplementary fertilization rates on grain yield (kg/ha), protein content (%) and hectolitre weight (kg/hl) in winter wheat. In investigation, as the most common seeded variety of winter wheat in Croatia, the variety Kraljica was used. In addition to the basic fertilization, which was the same for all variants, the research included five additional variants of supplementary nitrogen fertilization applied (mineral fertilizer with 27 % of N). The following variants of nitrogen top dressing were used: 50, 75, 150 and 200 kg/ha. The experiment was set up at the Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Centre for Seed and Seedlings (N 45°31, E 18°40´) in four repetitions according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with the application of standard production practices for winter wheat. The test results for yield (kg/ha), protein content (%) and hectolitre mass (kg/hl) showed that there were statistically differences between variants (P<0.01). The highest average yield (kg/ha), protein content (%) and hectolitre weight (kg/hl) was achieved by the 200 kg/ha variant.
U strukturi sjetve strnih žitarica Khorasan pšenica u Hrvatskoj zauzima najmanje površine. Globalne klimatske promjene ukazuju na potrebu uzgoja starih vrsta i odabira norme sjetve u svrhu ...ostvarivanja visokih prinosa dobre kakvoće. Tijekom 2020. godine provedena su poljska ispitivanja o visini prinosa i kakvoći sjemena s različitim varijantama norme sjetve. Korištene su sljedeće varijante norme sjetve 150 kg/ha, 180 kg/ha i 220 kg/ha. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom blok rasporedu u HAPIH - Centru za sjemenarstvo i rasadničarstvo u Osijeku (N 45°31´, E 18°40´) s tri varijante norme sjetve u tri repeticije. Prema dobivenim rezultatima analize varijance najveći prinos i hektolitarsku masu ostvarila je varijanta 3 (220 kg/ha), te su utvrđene statistički opravdane razlike. Između varijanti norme sjetve na sadržaj proteina nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike (n.s.). Cilj provedenog ispitivanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj najpovoljnije norme sjetve na prinos i kakvoću sjemena khorasan pšenice.
In the structure of sowing small cereals, khorasan wheat occupies the smallest area in Croatia. Global climate change indicates the need of breeding old species and select a sowing rate in order to achieve high yields of good quality. During 2020, field study was conducted on yield and quality of seed with different variants of the sowing rate. The following variants of sowing rate were used 150 kg/ha, 180 kg/ha and 220 kg/ha. The experiment was based on a random block at the CAAF - Center for Seed and Seedlings in Osijek (N 45°31´, E 18°40´) with three variants of sowing rate in two repetitions. According to the obtained results of the variance analysis for different variants of sowing rate the highest yield (kg/ha) and hectolitre mass (kg/hl) was achieved by the variant 3 (220 kg/ha) and there are statistically justified differences. No statistically significant differences (n.s.) were found between the variants of sowing rate for the protein content. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the most favorable sowing rate on seed yield and quality for khorasan wheat.
Čuvane sorte u Republici Hrvatskoj Delić, Ivica; Cegur, Željka; Šunjić, Krešimir ...
Agronomski glasnik,
02/2021, Letnik:
82, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Područje stavljana čuvanih sorata na sortnu listu Republike Hrvatske, proizvodnja sjemena i stavljanje na tržište odrađena je implementacijom članka 9. Međunarodnog ugovora o biljnim genetskim ...resursima za hranu i poljoprivredu, koji se odnosi na prava poljoprivrednika koja je u nacionalnom zakonodavstvu provedena donošenjem propisa o upisu čuvanih sorti na Sortnu listu Republike Hrvatske i njihovom stavljanju na tržište (Pravilnik o upisu sorti u Sortnu listu, Narodne novine, br. 45/08, 84/08, 77/13, 136/15, 57/17, 70/18, 75/19 i 62/20. i Pravilnik o stavljanju na tržište sjemena čuvanih sorti, Narodne novine, br. 43/13 i 40/14). Također propisi Europske unije uređuju proizvodnju, priznavanje i stavljanje na tržište čuvanih sorti.
Registration of conservation varieties on the variety list of the Republic of Croatia, seed production and placing on the market was done by implementing Article 9 of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which refers to the rights of farmers. In the national legistartion this is regulated by Ordinance on the entry of varieties on the Variety List, Official Regulations No. 45/08, 84/08, 77/13, 136/15, 57/17, 70/18, 75/19 and 62/20 and Ordinance on placing on the market the seed of conservation varieties. Official Regulation No. 43/13 and 40/14. Eu accuis also regulates production, registration and placing on the market of conservatione varieties.
Priznavanje sorti u Republici Hrvatskoj Zorić, Marina; Varnica, Ivan; Jukić, Goran ...
Sjemenarstvo,
01/2021, Letnik:
31, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article, Paper
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Priznavanje sorti poljoprivrednog bilja u Republici Hrvatskoj provodi se u Hrvatskoj Agenciji za poljoprivredu i hranu - Centru za sjemenarstvo i rasadničarstvo u skladu sa Zakonom o sjemenu, sadnom ...materijalu i priznavanju sorti poljoprivrednog bilja (NN 140/05, 35/08, 25/09, 124/10, 55/11 i 14/14), Pravilnikom o upisu sorti u Sortnu listu (NN 45/08, 84/08, 77/13, 136/15, 57/17, 70/18 i 75/19), Pravilnikom o priznavanju sorti poljoprivrednog bilja (NN 99/08, 100/09, 109/10, 77/13 i 57/18) i Pravilnikom o postupku utvrđivanja različitosti, ujednačenosti i postojanosti novih biljnih sorti u svrhu dodjeljivanja oplemenjivačkog prava i priznavanja sorti (NN 61/11). Sortna lista Republike Hrvatske je službeni popis sorti vrsta bilja koje su priznate u Republici Hrvatskoj. Postupkom priznavanja sorte stječe se pravo upisa sorte u Sortnu listu Republike Hrvatske, Zajedničku sortnu listu Zajednice i OECD listu. Trenutno je na Sortnoj listi Republike Hrvatske upisano 843 sorti poljoprivrednog bilja i povrća. Od osnivanja Centra za sjemenarstvo i rasadničarstvo (1998.) do danas je zaprimljeno 4.181 zahtjev za priznavanje za 103 biljne vrste. Od tog su broja priznate 2.409 sorti, 1.251 je povučeno iz ispitivanja, a 285 sorti nisu priznate. Za 8 sorti je odbačen zahtjev za priznavanje i 228 sorti se nalazi u postupku ispitivanja.
Registration of varieties of agricultural plants is conducted in the Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food - Center for Seed and Seedlings in accordance with the The Act on Seeds, Planting Material and Registration of Varieties of Agricultural Plants (OG 140/05, 35/08, 25/09, 124/10, 55/11 and 14/14), The Ordinance on the Inclusion of Varieties in the National List of Varieties of Agricultural Plants (OG 45/08, 84/08, 77/13, 136/15, 57/17, 70/18 and 75/19), The Ordinance on the Registration of Varieties of Agricultural Plants (OG 99/08, 100/09, 109/10, 77/13 and 57/18) and The Regulations on the procedure and the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) of new varieties of plants for the purpose of granting the Breeders’ Right (OG 61 / 11). The variety list of the Republic of Croatia is an official list of varieties of certain plant species registered in the Republic of Croatia. To become eligible for inclusion in the List of Varieties of the Republic of Croatia, The Common Catalogue of Varietie sand OECD list, a variety must be registered. Currently, 843 varieties of agricultural plants and vegetables are entered on The variety list of the Republic of Croatia. Since the establishment of the Center for Seedand Seedlings (1998), 4.181 applications for registration have been submitted for 103 plant species. Of that number, 2.409 varieties were registered, 1.251 were with drawn from testing and 285 varieties were not recognized. For 8 varieties, the Application for registration was rejected and 228 varieties are in the process of testing.
Tijekom 2018., 2019. i 2020. godine provedena su poljska istraživanja o utjecaju genotipa, godine i njihove interakcije na udio bjelančevina u ozimoj pšenici. U pokus je uvršteno trinaest genotipova ...ozime pšenice domaće i strane selekcije koje su zastupljene na domaćem tržištu. Pokus je postavljen u HAPIH - Centru za sjemenarstvo i rasadničarstvo na lokaciji Osijek (N 45°31̕, E 18°40´) u dva ponavljanja po blok metodi sa slučajnim rasporedom (RCBD) uz primjenu standardne agrotehnike za ozimu pšenicu. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj genotipa ozime pšenice na udio bjelančevina kako bi genotipove grupirali u klase prema Pravilniku o ugovornim odnosima pri otkupu pšenice. Prema dobivenim rezultatima analize varijance za genotip, godine i interakcije genotip x godina dobivene su statistički visoko opravdane razlike (P<0,0). Prosječni udio bjelančevina trogodišnjeg istraživanja genotipova kretao se u rasponu od 11,5 do 13,4%. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na mogućnost izbora genotipova s višim bjelančevinama.
During 2018, 2019 and 2020, field research was conducted on the influence of genotype, year and their interaction on protein content in winter wheat. Thirteen genotypes of winter wheat of domestic and foreign selection, which are represented on the domestic market, were included in the experiment. The experiment was set up in HAPIH - Center for Seed and Seedlings at the location of Osijek (N 45 ° 31̕, E 18 ° 40´) in two repetitions by Randomised Complete Block Design using with the standard agrotechniques for winter wheat. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of winter wheat genotype and year on protein content in order to group genotypes into classes according to the Policy on quality parameters and qualitative classes of wheat. Based on the results statistically high significant differences were found (P<0,01) among genotypes, years and genotype x year interactions for protein content. The average protein content of the three-year genotype study ranged from 11.5 to 13.4%. The obtained results indicate the possibility of selecting genotypes with higher protein content.
Tretiranje sjemena kukuruza stimulatorima rasta novija je mjera u procesu dorade i proizvodnje sjemena. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj različitih stimulatora rasta na početni porast mladih ...biljaka kukuruza. Tijekom 2020. godine u Osijeku su provedena istraživanja na tri hibrida kukuruza čije je sjeme tretirano uz mješavinu fungicida i insekticida s još četiri komercijalne varijante tretmana stimulatora rasta. Nakon nicanja provedena su mjerenja visine biljke i mase nadzemnog dijela biljke u vegetacijskoj fazi početnog porasta kukuruza. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su statistički vrlo značajan utjecaj stimulatora rasta na visinu biljke, a isto tako i na masu nadzemnog dijela biljke. Najveći pozitivan učinak izmjeren je kod hibrida kukuruza OSSK 403 za oba promatrana agronomska svojstva. Primjena stimulatora rasta na sjemenu hibrida kukuruza je vrlo jednostavna u samom postupku dorade te se zbog kasnijeg pozitivnog učinka na početni porast hibrida kukuruza može preporučiti u proizvodnji kukuruza. Pozitivno djelovanje stimulatora rasta na metabolizam biljaka u mnogome pomažu biljci kukuruza prevladavanju negativnih agroekoloških utjecaja.
Treatment of corn seeds with growth stimulants is a newer measure in the process of seed processing and production. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different growth stimulators on the initial growth of young maize plants. The research was conducted on three maize hybrids whose seeds were treated with four commercial variants of growth stimulator treatment. After germination, measurements of plant height and mass of the aboveground part of the plant in the vegetation phase of the initial growth of maize were performed. The results of the research showed a statistically very significant influence of growth stimulators on the height of the plant and also on the mass of the aboveground part of the plant. The greatest positive effect was measured in maize hybrids OSSK 403 for both observed agronomic traits. The application of growth stimulators on maize hybrid seeds is very simple in the finishing process and due to the subsequent positive effect on the initial growth of maize hybrids can be recommended in maize production. The positive effects of growth stimulants on plant metabolism greatly help the maize plant to overcome negative agroecological impacts.
U procesu proizvodnje kvalitetnog sjemena lucerne potrebno je proizvesti sjeme te ga adekvatno doraditi i skladištiti u skladu sa zakonskim aktima i pravilima struke. Stoga je i cilj ovog ...istraživanja bio utvrditi koji su dijelovi dorade kritične točke dorade te odrediti stupnjeve iskoristivosti svake pojedine faze dorade i tako utvrditi koja faza dorade koliko doprinosi kvaliteti sjemena. U RH najveće količine sjemena proizvode se na području Istarske županije i provedenim istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno pet proizvođača s navedenog agroekološkog područja tijekom tri uzastopne proizvodne godine (2017., 2018. i 2019.). Primarna dorada odrađena je na selektoru i gravitacijskom odjeljivaču, a sekundarna na magnetnom odjeljivaču. Čistoća naturalnog sjemena dopremljenog na doradu kretala seu rasponu od 76% do 92%. Iskoristivost sjemena u doradi u trogodišnjem istraživanju iznosio je 76,14 %. U procesu dorade sjemena lucerne najveća količina otpada bila je na selektoru i kretala se od 16,6% do 19,8%, dok su otpadi na magnetnom odjeljivaču u svim godinama dorade bili sličnih vrijednosti i iznosili u prosjeku 5,9 %. Proces dorade potrebno je provoditi sve dok se ne dostigne propisana kvaliteta sjemena. Rezultati istraživanja o učinkovitosti strojeva za doradu sjemena lucerne ukazuju na ovisnost o ulaznim parametrima naturalnog sjemena, a najviše o prisustvu brojnih primjesa na konačnu količinu i kvalitetu sjemena lucerne
Alfalfa is a perennial plant that is considered the most important foddercrop for the production of quality fodder. Ensuring sufficient quantities of quality seeds is the first prerequisite in the process of producing quality foddermass of alfalfa, and high-value seeds are obtained by processing and properstorage of processed seeds. The aim of the research was to determine the yields of processing after each phase of processing in the process of alfalfa seed processing and thus determine contribution of each phase of processing to the quality of seeds. In the Republic of Croatia, the largest quantities of alfalfa seeds are produced in the Istrian County, and the conducted research covered five producers from the mentioned agro-ecological are a during three consecutive production years (2017, 2018 and 2019). The primary processing was done on a selector and a gravity separator, and the secondary on a magnetic separator. The purity of natural seeds delivered for processing ranged from 76% to 92%. The processing yield in the three-year survey was 76.14%. In processing alfalfa seeds, the largest amount of waste was on the selector and ranged from 16.6% to 19.8%, while the waste on the magnetic separator in all years of processing was of similar value and averaged 5.9%. Seed processing must be carried out until the prescribed seed quality is reached. The results of research on the efficiency of alfalfa seed processing machines indicate the dependence on the input parameters of natural seeds, and most of all on the presence of numerous impurities on the final quantity and quality of alfalfa seeds.
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