The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of equations for predicting maximal values of heart rate (HR) in military personnel.
Five hundred and nine members of the ...Croatian Armed Forces (age 29.1 +/- 5.5 years; height 180.1 +/- 6.6 cm; body mass 83.4 +/- 11.3 kg; maximal oxygen uptake VO2(max) 49.7 +/- 6.9 mL O2/kg/min) were tested. The graded exercise test with gas exchange measurements was used to determine VO2(max) and maximum HR (HR(max)). The analysis of variance was used to determine the differences between the equations to calculate HR(max).
The analysis of variance yielded statistically significant differences between seven HR equations (p < 0.05). The values from Stevens Creek's (HR(max) = 205 - age/2) and Fox and Haskell's (HR(max) = 220 - age) equations had the highest correlation with the HRmax obtained by the graded exercise test.
The authors recommend using the HR(max) values from the Stevens Creek and the Fox and Haskell equations for the purpose of training, testing, and daily exercise routine in military personnel.
Abstract Embolisation of coronary artery from cardiac myxoma is very rare and it is not clear what happens with embolic material inside coronary artery after myocardial infarction. The natural course ...of myxomatous embolus is important because it determines the mode of surgical intervention. Different options of the course of embolus have been speculated, from spontaneous resorption to growth at artery wall. We report a case of embolisation of the circumflex artery trifurcation from a villous left atrial myxoma. The course of the embolus was displayed by coronary angiography repeated 6 months after myocardial infarction. Unlike the previously published case report, we found the embolus to be unremitting.
TROMBOEMBOLIJSKE KOMPLIKACIJE U ONKOLOŠKIH BOLESNIKA Pavan Jukić, Doroteja; Lide Škalec, Suzana; Ćorušić, Ante ...
Gynaecologia et perinatologia (Zagreb, Croatia),
03/2004, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Duboka venska tromboza je drugi najčešći uzrok smrti bolesnika oboljelih od raka. Bolesnici oboljeli od zloćudne bolesti imaju veću sklonost zgrušavanju krvi i time veći rizik od tromboembolijskih ...komplikacija. Operacija, kemoterapija, radioterapija i imobilizacija tih bolesnika dodatno doprinose nastanku duboke venske tromboze. Imajući u vidu preoperativne i intraoperativne prognostičke čimbenike za nastanak duboke venske tromboze, u mogućnosti smo pravovremeno intervenirati i smanjiti moguće komplikacije. Niskomolekularni heparin se pokazao uspješnim u prevenciji i liječenju tromboembolijskih komplikacija, a nekoliko studija izvještava o duljem očekivanom preživljenju bolesnika oboljelih od zloćudne bolesti liječenih antikoagulantnom terapijom.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sprint training on muscle function and dynamic athletic performance and to compare them with the training effects induced by standard ...plyometric training. Male physical education students were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: sprint group (SG; n = 30), plyometric group (PG; n = 30), or control group (CG; n = 33). Maximal isometric squat strength, squat- and countermovement jump (SJ and CMJ) height and power, drop jump performance from 30-cm height, and 3 athletic performance tests (standing long jump, 20-m sprint, and 20-yard shuttle run) were measured prior to and after 10 weeks of training. Both experimental groups trained 3 days a week; SG performed maximal sprints over distances of 10-50 m, whereas PG performed bounce-type hurdle jumps and drop jumps. Participants in the CG group maintained their daily physical activities for the duration of the study. Both SG and PG significantly improved drop jump performance (15.6 and 14.2%), SJ and CMJ height ( similar to 10 and 6%), and standing long jump distance (3.2 and 2.8%), whereas the respective effect sizes (ES) were moderate to high and ranged between 0.4 and 1.1. In addition, SG also improved isometric squat strength (10%; ES = 0.4) and SJ and CMJ power (4%; ES = 0.4, and 7%; ES = 0.4), as well as sprint (3.1%; ES = 0.9) and agility (4.3%; ES = 1.1) performance. We conclude that short-term sprint training produces similar or even greater training effects in muscle function and athletic performance than does conventional plyometric training. This study provides support for the use of sprint training as an applicable training method of improving explosive performance of athletes in general.
Markovic, G., D. Dizdar, I. Jukic, and M. Cardinale. Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(3):551–555. 2004.—The primary aim of this ...study was to determine reliability and factorial validity of squat (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests. The secondary aim was to compare 3 popular methods for the estimation of vertical jumping height. Physical education students (n = 93) performed 7 explosive power tests5 different vertical jumps (Sargent jump, Abalakowʼs jump with arm swing and without arm swing, SJ, and CMJ) and 2 horizontal jumps (standing long jump and standing triple jump). The greatest reliability among all jumping tests (Cronbachʼs a = 0.97 and 0.98) had SJ and CMJ. The reliability a coefficients for other jumps were also high and varied between 0.93 and 0.96. Within-subject variation (CV) in jumping tests ranged between 2.4 and 4.6%, the values being lowest in both horizontal jumps and CMJ. Factor analysis resulted in the extraction of only 1 significant principal component, which explained 66.43% of the variance of all 7 jumping tests. Since all jumping tests had high correlation coefficients with the principal component (r = 0.76–0.87), it was interpreted as the explosive power factor. The CMJ test showed the highest relationship with the explosive power factor (r = 0.87), that is, the greatest factorial validity. Other jumping tests had lower but relatively homogeneous correlation with the explosive power factor extracted. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that CMJ and SJ, measured by means of contact mat and digital timer, are the most reliable and valid field tests for the estimation of explosive power of the lower limbs in physically active men.
Residual diuresis (RD) is an important predictor of mortality and cardiovascular (CV) deaths in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and contributes more to overall survival compared to PD clearance. ...In this study we investigated the correlation between RD and CV outcomes in PD patients.
A total of 190 PD patients from 13 dialysis centers, a national representation, were included in this analysis. Biomarkers of anemia, nutritional status malnutrition inflammation score (MIS), subjective global assessment (SGA), serum albumin, anthropometric measurements including body mass index (BMI), dialysis dose (Kt/V) and laboratory measurements were determined. RD was estimated using the volume of daily urine.
There were 78(41.05 %) females and 112 (58.95 %) males; aged 57.35±14.41 years, on PD for 24.96±24.43 months. Fifty-six patients had diabetes type II (44 as primary kidney disease). The mean RD was 1170±673.6 ml (range 0-3000 mL). Statistically significant correlations between RD and BMI, hip circumference, time on PD, Kt/V, MIS, SGA, erythrocytes (E), Hemoglobin (Hb), PTH, and serum albumin were observed.
We demonstrated a significant correlation between RD and MIS score, SGA, anthropometry and albumin. Every effort should be invested to maintain RD for as long as possible to achieve optimal treatment results and to decrease CV mortality in PD population.
The U.S. pharmaceutical industry is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as "companies engaged in researching, developing, manufacturing and marketing of medicines and biological for human or veterinary ...use". Besides its main role in improving human health, the US pharmaceutical industry represents one of the most critical, key decision makers' lobbying prone and competitive sectors in the economy. The cost in the environment of very limited government price regulation remains one of the major problems fuelling aggregate health care cost inflation. Pharmaceuticals have created huge benefits for public health and economic productivity by the means of saving lives, increasing life expectancy, reducing illness related suffering, preventing surgeries and decreasing hospital stays.
The goal of this review paper is to show the present conditions and future trends of the pharmaceutical industry in the U.S.
THIS PAPER REPRESENTS A THOROUGH LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE MULTIFACETED SOURCES INCLUDING: studies, books, peer reviewed journals, U.S. government sources (i.e. U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, etc.).
In the thirty years pharmaceutical companies have consistently developed and launched new medicines, bringing hope to sick or - at risk patients. They also usually provide above the average financial returns for its shareholders. U.S. pharmaceutical companies had as their goal to discover blockbuster drugs. Blockbuster drugs are generally defined as drugs that solve medical problems common to hundreds of millions of people and, at the same time generate large sales increases and profits for the pharmaceutical companies. The main approach of these companies includes huge investments in research and development (R&D), innovation, marketing and sales. The trend analysis shows that for the most part the era of blockbuster drugs is nearing an end.
Numerous blockbuster drugs will be coming off patent in the next few years, opening the way to generics and eliminating a major source of the industry's profits. Still, there is plenty of room for improvement in the medications people take while there is no shortage of human suffering to alleviate. It is doubtful whether big pharmaceutical firms will be able to pursue these goals within the old model of developing exclusive new drugs that can be sold further in the future. In the past, medicines for the ailments that were never before addressed, like anti-cholesterol or anti-depression drugs were developed. Currently, and in the future, it is expected that only blockbuster modifications will be developed. This phenomenon is expected to create market saturation, which will significantly reduce profits. The business model that drove the major drug makers' success is not working anymore. Pharmaceutical companies must create new ways and to bring new ideas. The survivors will be those that market strategies supported by innovative approaches and winning capabilities.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sprint and plyometric training on morphological characteristics of physically active men. One hundred and fifty one physical education students ...(18-24 years of age) were allocated into one of three groups: the plyometric group (PG; n = 50), the sprint group (SG; n = 50), and the control group (CG; n = 51). Both experimental groups participated in a training programme 3 times a week for 10 weeks. SG performed maximal sprints for distances between 10 and 50 meters, while the training programme in PG consisted of hurdle jumps and drop jumps. Anthropometric measurement was performed in the week before and the week after the experiment. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in magnitude of changes in any of the analysed anthropometric variables between the groups. However, a significant decrease (P
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