Recent studies demonstrated that domestic cats can be naturally and experimentally infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study was performed to investigate ...the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies within the domestic cat population in Istanbul, Turkey, before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, from 155 cat sera analyzed, 26.45% (41/155) tested positive in the spike protein-ELISA (S-ELISA), 28.38% (44/155) in the receptor-binding domain-ELISA (RBD-ELISA), and 21.9% (34/155) in both, the S- and RBD-ELISAs. Twenty-seven of those were also positive for the presence of antibodies to feline coronavirus (FCoV). Among the 34 SARS-CoV-2-positive sera, three of those were positive on serum neutralization assay. Six of the 30 cats before COVID-19 and 28 of the 125 cats during COVID-19 were found to be seropositive. About 20% of ELISA-positive cats exhibited mainly respiratory, gastrointestinal, and renal signs and skin lesions. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cells, lymphocyte, and platelet numbers were low in about 30% of ELISA-positive cats. The number of neutrophils and monocytes were above normal values in about 20% of ELISA-positive cats. The liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase levels were high in 23.5% ELISA-positive cats. In conclusion, this is the first report describing antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens (S and RBD) in cats in Istanbul, Turkey, indicating the risk for domestic cats to contract SARS-CoV-2 from owners and/or household members with COVID-19. This study and others show that COVID-19-positive pet owners should limit their contact with companion animals and that pets with respiratory signs should be monitored for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Abstract Canine malignant lymphoma is one of the most common malignant tumours occurring in dogs. Most dogs with malignant lymphoma are characterized by painless peripheral lymphadenopathy. ...Nonspecific signs of systemic involvement include ; lethargy, anorexia, fever, anaemia and weight loss. The mean age of dogs with malignant lymphoma varies from 6.3 to 7.7 years, with no obvious gender predilection. The purpose of this study was to describe in detail clinical features, the haematological and blood serum biochemistry as well as the thymidine kinase activity in canine malignant lymphoma in order to facilitate early diagnosis. Based on cytopathological analysis, canine malignant lymphoma was diagnosed in 20 dogs (11 males and 9 females). The animals' age ranged from 3 to 12 years (median 7.6 years). In 35% of the dogs, regional or general lymphadenopathy was the only clinical sign. In the remaining cases, at least one abnormality connected to canine malignant lymphoma was found. Between ill and healthy dogs, a p-value of < 0.001 was calculated for the haematological parameters : red blood cell count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, platelet, neutrophils and monocytes ; for biochemical parameters the following p-values were calculated : blood urea nitrogen P < 0.01 ; aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and thymidine kinase (TK) P < 0.001, and Calcium P < 0.05. The study results show that in medium and advanced-aged anaemic dogs with non-specific clinical features but at least one enlarged lymph node and elevated ALP and TK concentrations, canine malignant lymphoma must be considered as a possible cause.
Cardiomyopathies are the most common type of cardiac diseases in cats. Although some normal echocardiographic values for cats have been published, there are variations based on breeds and gender. The ...objective of this study is to determine normal reference values for M-mode echocardiographic parameters in nonsedated healthy adult Van cats and to compare those values with data reported for nonsedated healthy cats of other breeds. A total of 40 clinically healthy Van cats of both sexes belonging to the Van Cat Research and Application Center of Yuzuncu Yil University were used. Body weight (BW) and 16 M-mode echocardiographic variables were measured in 40 healthy Van cats. The effect of gender and age on each echocardiographic parameter was analyzed and the relationship between BW and each parameter investigated. There was a significant relationship between gender and left atrial dimension during ventricular systole (LAD) and aortic root dimension at end-diastole (AOD) as well as between BW and interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole (IVSd) and end-systole (IVSs), left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole (LVPWd), LAD, AOD, the left ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV) and the stroke volume (SV). A relationship between age and the SV parameter alone was also established. This present study is the first work on cardiac reference values for Van cats highlighting the differences in some M-mode echocardiographic parameters of healthy adult Van cats and other cat breeds, which should be considered when interpreting echocardiographic findings, in order to draw the correct conclusions regarding cardiac health.
M-mode echocardiographic measurements were made from 50 healthy German Shepherd dogs (30 males and 20 females). The dogs were awake and unsedated, in right lateral recumbent position. The following ...parameters were measured on the echocardiographic images: interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole (IVSd), interventricular septal thickness at end-systole (IVSs), left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole (LVIDs), left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole (LVPWd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole (LVPWs), left atrial dimension (LAD), aortic root dimension (AOD), left atrial to aortic root ratio (LAD/AOD), right ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole (RVID), amplitude of mitral valve excursion (DE amplitude), velocity of mitral valve opening (D-E slope), and velocity of mitral valve closure (E-F slope). Fractional shortening (FS) was also calculated. The effect of gender and age on each echocardiographic parameter was analyzed and the relationship between body weight (BW) and each parameter was also investigated. There was a significant relationship between gender and LVPW in systole and diastole and FS. Significant association was also found between BW and IVS, LVID, and LVPW in systole and diastole, FS, LAD, AOD, RVID, DE amplitude, and D-E slope of the mitral valve.
The dairy and meat industry has rapidly developed in the last decade in Turkey and is playing a key role in supplying animal proteins for human consumption. Viral pathogens continue to threaten the ...dairy and meat industry leading to serious economic losses worldwide, including Turkey. The Turkish cattle industry has been vulnerable to the spread of viral diseases within the country in the continent. Combating animal diseases is crucial for the economy of Turkey. A good cattle health management policy may reduce the direct losses associated with viral diseases and thereby lead to increase in export of animals and animal products. Countries that are unable to combat animal diseases remain excluded from international trade. Control and eradication of cattle diseases require the availability of effective and practical interventions including vaccination and biosecurity measures. This review summarises the currently available information about viral diseases in cattle in Turkey and emphasizes the need for disease monitoring and research, along with implementation of disease control measures to mitigate economic losses to farmers and the country. The information presented here can be of great value in the research, prevention, and control of cattle diseases.
The present study was performed on Turkish Van cats with tail gland hyperplasia in order to determine changes in some hormone levels and biochemical parameters. Animal material consisted of 18 male ...Van cats of between 2-8 years of age, 12 with tail gland hyperplasia and 6 unaffected cats as the control group. Following routine clinical examination, hormone levels and biochemical parameters were measured by obtaining blood samples, and biopsy samples were obtained from the region and examined under a light microscope. When compared with the control group, testosterone levels were high although the difference between groups was not statistically significant. Similarly, no statistical significance was found between the groups in terms of other hormones. Among the hormonal parameters, the only remarkable increase was seen in the testosterone level. Among biochemical parameters, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), cholesterol and triglyceride levels were statistically different, while other biochemical parameters were not statistically significant. While AST and cholesterol results were increased, ALP and triglyceride levels were decreased. As a result, we conclude that the disease is an important problem which occurs extensively in mature male Van cats, particularly during and after mating periods. We also conclude that the disease might be associated with an increase in testosterone levels. Presenting this study is beneficial as there are limited reports about this disease in cats. This is the first study presenting tail gland hyperplasia with some hormonal levels and biochemical parameters in male Van cats.
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a highly contagious virus that is ubiquitous in multicat environments and may induce oxidative stress. This virus commonly causes an asymptomatic infection, which can ...persist in certain individuals. Sporadically and unpredictably, FCoV infection leads to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a highly fatal systemic immune-mediated disease. There are no data in the veterinary literature relating to oxidative stress in FCoV. Antioxidant capacity (TAC) can be attributed to single components in the defence systems against free radicals. The measurement of the total oxidant status (TOS) accurately reflects the oxidative status of blood plasma or serum. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a free radical and contributes to host defences against oxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a reliable and commonly used marker of overall lipid peroxidation levels and the presence of oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine levels of oxidative stress markers, serum TAC, total oxidant capacity (TOC), NO and serum MDA in 24 cats seropositive for FCoVs and 15 cats seronegative for FCoVs. Significantly higher serum TOC, NO and MDA levels were found in seropositive animals (P < 0.001, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) than in seronegative animals. In contrast, serum TAC levels were found to be significantly lower in seropositive cats compared with seronegative cats (P < 0.001). The results of the present study suggest that FCoV seropositivity is associated with oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant status.
Marbofloxacin is one of the fluoroquinolones developed exclusively for veterinary medicine. The primary aim of the present study is to identify and assess evidence for marbofloxacin’s clinical ...efficacy in the treatment of urinary tract infections in small animal practice. The study included 118 dogs and 123 cats that were referred to the Internal Medicine Department with lower urinary tract symptoms. We excluded animals that had received antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory therapy in the previous 15 days. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical findings, urinalysis, and imaging. Rectal temperature, appetite, urinary signs, and abdominal pain were monitored during two visits (day 0 and 14). The timetable depended on the diagnosis of the following: two urinalyses, two bacterial examinations, and antibacterial susceptibility testing were performed for each case. Bacterial UTI were confirmed in 36 dogs and 28 cats. Urine samples were collected on day 0, which demonstrated the presence of various bacteria, with a marked predominance of P. mirabilis and coagulase-positive Staphylococci in canine and feline urine samples, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results revealed 25 (65.7%) of dog isolates and 24 (85.7%) of cat isolates were susceptible to marbofloxacin. Treatment of UTIs is generally challenging for the small animal practitioner. Because of the need for long-term antimicrobials, bacterial culture and susceptibility tests are especially important for successful treatment. Marbofloxacin can be part of an effective treatment of UTIs in dogs and cats.
「Abstract」 Cardiomyopathies are the most common type of cardiac diseases in cats. Although some normal echocardiographic values for cats have been published, there are variations based on breeds and ...gender. The objective of this study is to determine normal reference values for M-mode echocardiographic parameters in nonsedated healthy adult Van cats and to compare those values with data reported for nonsedated healthy cats of other breeds. A total of 40 clinically healthy Van cats of both sexes belonging to the Van Cat Research and Application Center of Yuzuncu Yil University were used. Body weight (BW) and 16 M-mode echocardiographic variables were measured in 40 healthy Van cats. The effect of gender and age on each echocardiographic parameter was analyzed and the relationship between BW and each parameter investigated. There was a significant relationship between gender and left atrial dimension during ventricular systole (LAD) and aortic root dimension at end-diastole (AOD) as well as between BW and interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole (IVSd) and end-systole (IVSs) , left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole (LVIDd) , left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole (LVPWd) , LAD, AOD, the left ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV) and the stroke volume (SV) . A relationship between age and the SV parameter alone was also established. This present study is the first work on cardiac reference values for Van cats highlighting the differences in some M-mode echocardiographic parameters of healthy adult Van cats and other cat breeds, which should be considered when interpreting echocardiographic findings, in order to draw the correct conclusions regarding cardiac health.
Elements such as gold and silver have been used to treat various diseases since ancient times. These elements, which are used today, have been diversified and sized with many researches. Recently, it ...is seen that nanoparticles are frequently used in the medical field. Nanoparticles can be 1-1000 nanometers in size and gain biological, physical and chemical functionality due to their nano size. The type and size of these nanoparticles are chosen according to the area in which they will be used. These prepared drugs are used for purposes such as biosensor imaging, transporting drugs to the target organ, protecting the transported substance against denaturations, increasing the immunological response, and transporting chemotherapeutic drugs.
Today, with the increase in the number of dermatological cases in clinics, different treatment methods and systems are being developed. There are various nanoparticles used in dermatological cases to increase the bioavailability of topical, oral or injectable drugs and to increase the effect in the targeted area. These drugs have been used in conditions such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antifungal, allergen-specific immunotherapy, wound healing, tumors and atopic dermatitis. Many studies have also been carried out in the field of dermatology and it has been shown that nanoparticles used for follicular application provide advantages in dermal drug delivery, including improved skin bioavailability, increased depth of penetration, prolonged residence time, rapid transport to the skin and tissue targeting, in dermal drug delivery by using the appropriate nanoparticles in the right sizes. Particles can collect in the follicular opening and penetrate through the follicular canal when applied to the skin surface. This review has been prepared to investigate the usability of nanoparticle-derived drugs used in human medicine in veterinary applications.
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