The increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar and wind is creating new challenges for the stability and reliability of power systems. Electrochemical battery ...energy storage systems offer a promising solution to these challenges, as they permit to store excess renewable energy and release it when needed. This paper reviews the integration of battery energy storage systems for increasing the penetration of variable sources into power grids. It highlights the impacts of high penetration of intermittent sources on the power system. The paper provides an overview of battery energy storage systems and their characteristics, applications, and technologies suitable for grid-scale use. The article highlighted that lithium and flow batteries are the most widely used technologies. Battery integration to the power grid has the potential to help achieve a penetration rate of 40–50% of variable renewable energies, as this rate may vary depending on the specific characteristics of each electrical system. The paper also proposes an approach to incentivize the use of BESS to increase the share of variable renewable energies in weakly interconnected power grids such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa.
•Li-ion, Na–S and VRFB are the most promising technologies for grid applications.•Penetration rates between 40 and 50% of VRE could be achieved with grid-tied batteries.•For power quality applications, ZnBr, VRFB and Li-ion batteries are well-suited.•For power regulation applications, Na–S and Li-ion batteries are well-suited.
Mining sites that combine energy-intensive operations with community living in areas remote from the electricity grid are increasingly developing dedicated micro-grids. Fossil oil gensets ...hybridization with renewable energy resources has gained momentum. Difficulties in assessing performance are experienced by operators who wish to benefit from improved performances. The designers of such systems also need additional knowledge to anticipate the solutions of the particular problems related to the power plant’s implementation area characteristics. The proposed approach gives more suitable tools on the effectiveness evaluation of hybridized microgrid, combining a Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) thermal power station with photovoltaic generator powering mine activities in the Sahelian area. The authors provide key analyses and improvement factors by seasonal behavioral modelling (SBM) of the fuel consumption of the gensets related to the overall irradiance dynamics of the PV array. Several years of data analysis results have been integrated for sharper considerations on the transient interactions impact of the PV/Diesel Hybrid Power Plant operation. The results of simulations carried out using the proposed new models, including the case of an extended system with storage unit, have been used to evaluate the levelized cost of energy, and to discuss competitiveness. This very relevant approach provides additional knowledge for designers and energetic effectiveness analysts.
•Triple-dose rifampicin is known to be safe for tuberculosis treatment.•Triple-dose isoniazid is known to be safe for tuberculosis treatment.•A triple dose of both rifampicin and isoniazid causes ...excess drug-related adverse events.•Treatment for six months throughout with four first-line drugs, all at a normal dose, is safe.
High-dose rifampicin (R) and isoniazid (H) are known to be safe but were not yet combined in a single regimen. The primary objective of the TRIple-DOse RE-treatment (TRIDORE) study is to determine whether a 6-month firstline regimen with triple dose of both R and H (intervention arm; 6R3H3ZE) is non-inferior in terms of safety compared to a normal-dose regimen (6RHZE) in previously treated patients with R-susceptible (Rs) recurrent tuberculosis (TB).
TRIDORE is an ongoing pragmatic open-label multi-stage randomized clinical trial.
Between March 2021 and February 2022, 127 consenting patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control arm: 62 and 65 were treated with 6R3H3ZE and 6RHZE, respectively. Of 127, 111 (87.4%) were male and the median age (interquartile range) was 37 (30-48) years. The median body mass index at enrollment was 18.1 (16.3-19.7) kg/m2. Drugrelated severe adverse events (AEs) (grade III-V) were significantly more frequent when 6R3H3ZE was used (5/62 vs 0/65, P = 0.03, difference weighted for site 8% 95% confidence interval: 1.0,14.3). The Data and Safety Monitoring Board recommended publishing our interim safety data analysis.
We show that the combination of triple-dose R with triple-dose H in a re-treatment regimen for patients with Rs-TB causes excess drug-related AEs.
INTRODUCTION: il s'agissait de décrire le profil épidémiologique, clinique et évolutif des patients suivis pour tuberculose au Centre Hospitalier Régional de Maradi.Méthodes: nous avions mené une ...étude rétrospective, descriptive et analytique à partir des dossiers des patients suivis pour tuberculose du 1er janvier 2015 au 31 décembre 2017.Résultats: au total 595 patients ont été suivis dont 406 hommes (68,24%) pour 189 femmes (31,76%) et une prévalence de 27,71%. L'âge moyen était de 42,3 ans avec des extrêmes de 13 mois à 85 ans. 70,5% des patients provenaient du milieu urbain. Les commerçants représentaient 36,9% des cas. La recherche bactériologique était positive dans 64,7% des cas. Les signes fonctionnels étaient représentés par: la toux (99,5%), la fièvre (79,5%), et la douleur thoracique. La tuberculose pulmonaire avait représenté 78,7%. Le succès thérapeutique a été 81,28%. La prévalence du VIH était de 13,6% et une létalité de 10,42% dont 40,4% des patients décédés avaient une co-infection TB/VIH.Conclusion: avec 10,42% de décès, la tuberculose demeure un fléau dans les pays à faible revenu. L'infection à VIH/SIDA a négativement influencé ces décès au cours de cette étude. La recherche des facteurs de co-morbidités chez tout patient tuberculeux devrait être systématique afin d'améliorer leur prise en charge globale.
Contemporary data on the availability, cost and affordability of essential medicines for chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are missing, despite ...most people with CRDs living in LMICs. Cross-sectional data for seven CRD medicines in pharmacies, healthcare facilities and central medicine stores were collected from 60 LMICs in 2022–2023. Medicines for symptomatic relief were widely available and affordable, while preventative treatments varied widely in cost, were less available and largely unaffordable. There is an urgent need to address these issues if the Sustainable Development Goal 3 is to be achieved for people with asthma by 2030.
Objectif : Décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs de la tuberculose pulmonaire en milieu carcéral au Niger. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale réalisée ...sur 3ans incluant tous les cas confirmés de tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie positive (TPM+), les co-infections VIH/ tuberculose et les cas de tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie négative (TPM-). Résultats : Au total 3322 étaient détenus avec une prévalence de la tuberculose de 0,84%. Tous les patients étaient des hommes. La moyenne d’âge était de 36 ans avec des extrêmes allant de 21 à 62 ans. 17,85% exerçaient dans le secteur informel.35, 71% provenaient des milieux urbains. Sur le plan juridique 71,48% des patients étaient des condamnés et 36% des patients avaient une durée de détention de plus de 3ans au moment du diagnostic. La triade faite de toux (100% de cas) –fièvre (92,85% de cas) -expectoration (67,85% de cas) dominait le tableau clinique. L’amaigrissement (46,42% de cas) et la cachexie (42,46% de cas) constituaient l’essentiel des signes généraux. Le taux de co-infection VIH/SIDA- tuberculose s’élevait à 21,42%. Sur le plan thérapeutique 82,14% des patients étaient de la catégorie 1. 53,56% des patients avaient fait l’objet d’une hospitalisation tandis que 46,44% avaient observé le traitement selon un mode ambulatoire. La guérison était de 46,42% de cas, le décès était 28,53 %. Conclusion : Des mesures préventives et thérapeutiques efficaces sont indispensables en milieu pénitencier.
This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary profile of patients treated for tuberculosis at the Regional Hospital of Maradi.
We conducted a retrospective, descriptive ...and analytical study of data from the medical records of patients treated for tuberculosis from 1
January 2015 to 31
December 2017.
A total of 595 patients were followed (406 men, 68.24%, and 189 women, 31.76%) with a prevalence of 27,71%. The average age of patients was 42.3 ranging from 13 months to 85 years; 70.5% of these patients were from urban areas. Merchants represented 36.9% of the cases. Bacterial test was positive in 64.7% of cases. Functional signs included: coughing (99.5%), fever (79.5%), and chest pain. Pulmonary tuberculosis represented 78.7% of cases. Therapy was effective in 81.28% of cases. HIV prevalence was 13.6%, lethality 10.42% (40.4% of patients died from TB/HIV co-infection).
Tuberculosis is a scourge in low-income countries, with 10.42% of deaths. HIV/AIDS infection has negatively contributed to these deaths during the study period. The search for comorbidities in any patient with tuberculosis should be systematic in order to improve their global management.
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