Liselere Geçiş Sınavı Türkçe sorularının niteliğinin PISA (Program International Student Assessment) okuma becerileri yeterlilik düzeyine göre belirlenmesi, sürdürülecek öğrenme ve öğretme süreci ...bakımından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada 2019 Liselere Geçiş Sınavı Türkçe sorularının PISA Okuma Becerileri Yeterlilik Düzeyleriyle hangi derecede örtüştüğünün belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek üzere çalışma nitel araştırma desenlerinden betimsel tarama desenine göre tasarlanmıştır. Verilerin doküman incelemesi tekniği ile toplandığı bu çalışmada betimsel analize başvurulmuştur. Elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde, araştırmacı ve uzman görüşlerine göre; 2019 LGS Türkçe sorularında PISA Okuma Becerileri Yeterlilik Düzeylerinden 1c, 1b, 1a düzeyleri ile ilişkili sorulara az yer verildiği; 2. düzeyde 6 uzmanın 3 soruda; yine 2. düzeyde 5 uzmanın 7 soruda görüş birliğine vardıkları; 3. düzeyde 7 uzmanın 1 soruda; yine 3. düzeyde 5 uzmanın 2 soruda görüş birliğine vardıkları; 4. düzeyde uzmanların görüş birliğinin zayıf olduğu; 5. düzeyde 5 uzmanın 2 soruda görüş birliğine vardıkları; 6. düzeyde 6 uzmanın 1 soruda; yine 6. düzeyde 5 uzmanın 3 soruda görüş birliğine vardıkları görülmektedir. 2019 LGS Türkçe sorularının önceki yıllarda yapılan sınavlara göre PISA Okuma Becerileri bakımından daha fazla düzeyi kapsadığı, soruların PISA testlerine yakın sorulardan oluştuğu ve bu durumun öğrencilerin üst düzey okuma becerilerine hazırlanmaları bakımından katkı sağlayacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Determining the quality of Turkish questions on the High School Entrance Exam according to PISA reading skills and levels of competence is important in terms of the teaching and learning process to be followed. This study aims to determine and evaluate how the questions on the Turkish language on the High School Entrance Exam in 2019 correspond with the Pisa reading skills and levels of competence. The study used the descriptive survey model and is thus qualitative. Document analysis was used in data analysis. The analysis revealed that the questions related to the 1c, 1b, and 1a levels of the PISA Reading Skills Proficiency Levels were barely included in the 2019 High School Entrance Exam. 6 experts agreed that 3 questions were at the 2nd level; 5 agreed that 7 questions were at the 2nd level; 7 experts agreed that 1 question was at the 3rd level; 5 experts agreed that 2 questions were at level 3; at level 4 expert consensus was weak; at the 5th level, 5 experts agreed on 2 questions; at the 6th level, 5 experts reached a consensus on 3 questions. It was concluded that the 2019 High School Entrance Exam Turkish questions covered more levels in terms of the PISA Reading Skills than the exams held in previous years; the exam consisted of questions close to the PISA tests which would contribute to the preparation of students for high-level reading skills.
Pneumolabyrinth (PL) is the presence of air within the vestibule, semicircular canals, or cochlea. It represents an abnormal connection between the inner ear and middle ear spaces. PL most commonly ...occurs after blunt head trauma, followed by penetrating injuries. Temporal fractures may or may not accompany. Prognosis of hearing loss is poor, while prognosis of vestibular symptoms is good. Herein we present a 45-year-old female with unilateral pneumolabyrinth, who presented with significant dizziness and unilateral total hearing loss after a car accident.
Background
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe, life-threatening disorder despite the availability of specific drug therapy. A lack of endogenous prostacyclin secondary to ...downregulation of prostacyclin synthase in PAH may contribute to vascular pathologies. Therefore, prostacyclin and its analogs including inhaled iloprost may decrease pulmonary arterial pressure and ventricular pressure.
Methods
Here, we studied that acute effects of iloprost used in pulmonary vasoreactivity testing on the intracardiac conduction system in patients with PAH. A total of 35 (15 idiopathic PAH, 20 congenital heart disease) patients with PAH were included in this prospective study. Patients were divided into two groups: 22 patients with negative pulmonary vasoreactivity in group 1 and 13 with positive pulmonary vasoreactivity in group 2. Electrophysiological parameters including basic cycle length, atrium-His (AH) interval, His-ventricle (HV) interval, PR interval, QT interval, QRS duration, Wenckebach period, and sinus node recovery time (SNRT) were evaluated before and after pulmonary vasoreactivity testing in both groups.
Results
The AH interval (81 74–93; 80 65.5–88,
p
= 0.019) and SNRT (907.7 ± 263.4; 854.0 ± 288.04,
p
= 0.027) was significantly decreased after pulmonary vasoreactivity testing. Mean right atrium pressure was found to be correlated with baseline AH (
r
= 0.371,
p
= 0.031) and SNRT (
r
= 0.353,
p
= 0.037).
Conclusion
Inhaled iloprost can improve cardiovascular performance in the presence of PAH, primarily through a reduction in right ventricular afterload and interventricular pressure. Decreased pressure on the interventricular septum and ventricles leads to conduction system normalization including of the AH interval and SNRT due to resolution of inflammation and edema.
Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate clinical importance of neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio in patients with Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.Methods: 125 consecutive patients ...with a diagnosis of Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension were operated pulmonary thromboendarterectomy in our center between February 2011 and August 2013. 106 patients included into the study due to limitations. The patients were classified into two groups as patients discharged alive (Group 1) and those dying in the hospital (Group 2). Baseline neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio level was measured by dividing neutrophil count to lymphocyte count.Results: 84 patients (79%) were in Group 1, 22 patients (21%) were in Group 2. Patients with higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in admission have a significantly higher mortality rate and postoperative pulmonary vascular resistance was found statistically significant variable to predict the mortality. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that using a cut-off point of 2.54, admission neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio predicts mortality. Also, correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.Conclusion: The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio level may be a useful and noninvasive biomarker for operative risk stratification for mortality after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.
The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), based on serum albumin and lymphocyte concentration, is an inflammation-based nutritional score that has been shown to be a prognostic determinant in several ...populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of PNI on mortality in patients with infective endocarditis (IE).
A total of 131 patients with IE were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on in-hospital mortality. The PNI value of the patients was evaluated, as well as baseline clinical and demographical variables.
Among the study group, 29 patients died in-hospital during the median follow-up of 37 days. The PNI was found to be lower in cases of mortality (35.90±6.96; 31.09±5.88; p=0.001). ROC curve analysis also demonstrated that the PNI had a good predictive value for in-hospital mortality with a cut-off value of 35.6 (Area under the curve: 0.691; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.589-0.794; p=0.002). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, advanced age (Odds ratio OR: 1.078; 95% CI: 1.017-1.143; p=0.012), PNI (OR: 0.911; 95% CI: 0.835-0.993; p=0.034), and leaflet perforation (OR: 5.557; 95% CI: 1.357-22.765; p=0.017) were found to be independent predictors of mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that long-term survival was found to be significantly decreased in patients with a lower PNI (Log rank: p=0.008).
The PNI result was associated with an increased in-hospital mortality rate in patients with IE. The PNI value, advanced age, and cardiac valve perforation as a complication of IE were found to be independent predictors of mortality.
To compare the efficacy of RIRS and PNL in lower pole stones ≥ 2 cm. Materials and and Methods: A total of 109 patients who underwent PNL or RIRS for solitary lower pole stone between April 2009 and ...December 2012, were retrospectively analyzed. Lower pole stone was diagnosed with CT scan. Stone size was assessed as the longest axis of the stone. All patients were informed about the advantages, disadvantages and probable complications of both PNL and RIRS before the selection of the procedure. Patients decided the surgery type by themselves without being under any influences and written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to the surgery. Patients were divided into two groups according to the patients' preference of surgery type. Group 1 consisted of 77 patients who underwent PNL and Group 2 consisted of 32 patients treated with RIRS. Stone free statuses, postoperative complications, operative time and hospitalization time were compared in both groups.
There was no statistical significance between the two groups in mean age, stone size, stone laterality, mean follow-up periods and mean operative times. In PNL group, stone-free rate was 96.1% at first session and 100% after the additional procedure. In Group 2, stone-free rate was 90.6% at the first procedure and 100% after the additional procedure. The final stone-free rates and operative times were similar in both groups.
RIRS should be an effective treatment alternative to PNL in lower pole stones larger than 2 cm, especially in selected patients.
XVI. yuüzyılın başından itibaren yoksulluga ve cinsellige yonelik bakış açısının degişmeye başlaması neticesinde hem yoksulluk hem de cinsellik kontrol edilmesi, denetlenmesi ve çoüzuülmesi gereken ...meseleler olarak gorulmuüştur. Nite-kim XVI. yuüzyılın sonlarında toplumsal, iktisadi, dinıs, politik ve ekonomik sorunlar ile boguşmaya başlayan Is-panyada da benzer bir durum yaşanmış ve hayat kadınlarına yonelik denetimler ve kısıtlamalar artmıştır. Daha oün-celeri hoş karşılanan bir grup olmasa da işlerini yapmalarına izin verilen hayat kadınları, Ispanyol duüşuünuürler ve yazarlar tarafından toplumu hem ahlaki hem de sıhhi açıdan kirletmekle suçlanmışlardır. Bu nedenle, kilise ve devlet tarafından kontrol altına alınmak istenen bu grup, yalnızca hayat kadınları ile sınırlı kalmayıp avare, başıboş, buyuücuü, dilenci, tembel ve hırsız kadınlar gibi farklı kadınları da kapsamıştır. Bahsi geçen kadınları galera adı verilen binalara hapsederek onları rehabilite etmeyi amaçlayan Aziz Jeronimolu Magdalena da kaleme almış oldugu Razon y forma de la Galera y Casa Real adlı eserini Kral III. Felipeye sunmuş ve Iİspanyol toplumunun bozulmasına neden olan ka-dınların tutuklanmasıyla toplumun arınabilecegini ifade etmiştir. Iİşbu çalışma da Aziz Jeronimolu Magdalena tarafından ortaya atılmış olan galera adlı kurumun ortaya çıkma nedenleri ile olası sonuçlarını ele almış, onun rehabili-tasyon ve disiplin ile ilişkisi uüzerinde durmuştur.
Türk fındığının (Corylus colurna L.), Türkiye'de Karadeniz, Marmara, Ege ve İç Anadolu bölgelerinde çok sayıda birbirinden kopuk ve birçoğu tehlike altında olan popülasyonları bulunmaktadır. Türk ...fındığının Bursa ilinde Dağakça-Osmangazi ve Çakallar-Mustafakemalpaşa yörelerinde bulunduğu yeni doğal yayılış alanları ilk kez tespit edilmiştir. Osmangazi ilçesine bağlı Dağakça köyünün batı ve kuzey batı kısımlarında Türk fındığı yayılış yapmaktadır. Alacakaya tepesi, Çalpınar mevki, Kocakır tepesi, Topraklı tepelerinde meşcere kurduğu ve 800-1000 metre yükselti aralığında bulunan 590 hektarlık bir alanda doğal yayılış yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Mustafakemalpaşa ilçesine bağlı Çakallar köyünün kuzeyinde bulunan Kale ve Düdar tepelerinin yamaçlarında (650-900 m) ve güneyinde yer alan Küçükçal ve Sakarınbaşı tepelerinin yamaçlarında (800-975 m) münferit ve küme halinde Türk fındığı doğal yayılış göstermektedir. Türk fındığı, genellikle IUCN Kırmızı Listesi'nde "Düşük Risk" kategorisinde yer alsa da sınırlı yayılış alanları ve habitat kaybı nedeniyle bazı bölgelerdeki popülasyonları tehlike altındadır. Türk fındığının doğal yayılış yaptığı Bursa’daki popülasyonlarının gen kaynağı bakımından korunması ve çoğaltılması büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu yeni yayılış alanlarının koruma altına alınması ve sürdürülebilir orman yönetimi uygulamalarıyla desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.
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